Canadian Aviation Regulations Flashcards
Manoeuvring Area
designated for takeoff, landing and taxiing.
(runways and taxiways)
NOT the apron
Movement Area
– the entire surface of an aerodrome on which aircraft may operate including the apron,
(runways, taxiways, and the apron).
Runway Numbers
Southern Domestic Airspace = numbered in degrees magnetic (nearest 10)
Aerodrome Lighting - Runway
White
Aerodrome Lighting - Taxiway
Blue
Aerodrome Lighting
Intersection of taxiway and runway
Double Blue lights
Aerodrome Lighting
Intersection of taxiway and apron
Double Yellow lights
Aerodrome Lighting
Threshold of runway
Green lights
Aerodrome Lighting
End of runway
Red lights
Aerodrome Lighting
Obstructions
Red or White flood lights
Displaced Threshold Markings
Some runways have a displaced threshold.
This surface may be used for taking off but not for landing.
Arrows point to displaced threshold bar.
Land after the displaced threshold bar.
Stopways
Stopways are paved, permanently closed areas preceding a runway.
They are painted with yellow chevrons.
They may not be used for taxiing, takeoff, or landing. Stopways are usually part of a pre-existing runway that is no longer being maintained or they are in place to act as ‘runaway lines’ on a highway.
Heliports
Large white ‘H’ centered within a designated landing area.
If you must taxi over a heliport, look up first.
Closed Runway Markings
“X” - might be red if there is snow.
Unserviceable Areas
Parts of the movement area other than runways or taxiways that have become
unserviceable must be marked with marker boards, cones, or red flags.
-Flag or marker in the center of such areas
-If the area is small enough for an aircraft to move around, red flags must be used.
Wind Socks
15 knots = horizontal
10 knots = 5 ̊ below horizontal
6 knots = 30 ̊ below horizontal
Minimum Altitudes
Built up Areas
No less than 1000 feet above highest obstacle within a radius of 2000 ft
Minimum Altitudes
Non-Built up Areas
500 ft from any person, vessel, vehicle or structure
Minimum Altitudes
Above Aerodromes
2000 ft
Aircraft Right of Way
1) Aircraft in Distress
2) Balloons
3) Gliders
4) Airships
5) Aircraft Towing Something
6) Airplanes & Helicopters
Fly over a fur farm at ______ft & a forest first at _______ft
2,000ft
3,000ft
six positions in the circuit
1) Departure or Takeoff Leg
2) Crosswind Leg
3) Downwind Leg
4) Base Leg
5) Final Leg
6) Upwind
Uncontrolled Aerodromes – Reporting Procedures
ARRIVAL
Prior to arrival with intentions Joining the circuit Crossing midfield Downwind Turning final Clear of the active with taxi intentions Clear of the manoeuvring area
Uncontrolled Aerodromes – Reporting Procedures
DEPARTURE
Prior to entering the manoeuvring area with intentions Prior to taxiing onto runway Rolling on the runway Clear of all surfaces Clearing the zone
ATF (Air Traffic Frequency)
If the ATF is a ground station it is usually a UNICOM of 122.8
If the ATF has no ground station it is often the ATF of 123.2
Why might you have Communications Failures?
- Headset not plugged in
- Wrong frequency
- Wrong radio
- Volume all the way down
- Headset volume down
- Radio is off
- Master is off
- Audio panel settings are wrong
- Broken headset
Communications Failure
- If you are in controlled airspace, leave the airspace by the quickest route.
- If the controlled airspace is a control zone, land
- Set the transponder to 7600
- Inform ATC of your actions as soon as possible
Visual Flight Rules (VFR)
The rules which apply when flying by means of visual reference to the ground.
Special VFR (SVFR)
Weather conditions in a control zone which are less than basic VFR and in which some aircraft are permitted flight under visual flight rules.
VFR OTT (Over The Top)
VFR flight conducted partially over a deck of cloud.
Day VFR Instrument Requirements (OO FART CAT)
OIL PRESSURE GAUGE
OIL TEMPERATURE GUAGE
FUEL GAUGES
ALTIMETER
RADIO (depending on class of airspace)
TACHOMETER
COMPASS
AIRSPEED INDICATOR
TIMEPEICE
Oxygen Requirements
- flights exceeding 30 minutes between 10,000 ft and 13,000 ft, oxygen is required to be on board
- Oxygen is required for the entire period of flight above13,000 ft
Licenses - 3types
Private License
Commercial License
Airline Transport Pilot License
Permits
A permit is similar to a license. Permits usually have some sort of restrictions or conditions attached. Student Pilot Permit Gyroplane Permit Ultra-light Permit Recreational Permit
Ratings
Ratings are attached to specific licenses. Some licenses are prerequisites for certain ratings. Night Rating Seaplane Rating Instrument Rating Instructor Rating Multi-engine Rating
Medicals
all Licenses are kept valid by the pilot’s medical
PPL Requirements
complete 40 hours of ground school,
pass a written exam,
a flight test
complete a minimum of 45 hours as described above.
Recency Requirements
Your license is good forever but you need to keep it current in order for it to remain valid = keep flying
–You must have completed 5 takeoffs and 5 landings in the last 6 months in order to carry passengers.
> 2yrs but <5yrs = to keep your licence
must complete 1/7 things…not listed here but is in unit #8 CARs
Personal Logs
All pilots must maintain a personal log of all their flights
Date of flight
Type and registration of aircraft
Capacity in which you flew and other members
Place of departure and arrival
Any intermediate stops and instrument approaches
Flight time
Conditions under which the flight was conducted (night, day, IFR, VFR)
Required Documentation
- Certificate of Airworthiness
- Certificate of Registration
- Pilots Operating Handbook
- Aircraft Weight and Balance
- Insurance Certificate
- Licenses
- Journey Log
- Interception Procedures
Your license consists of THREE
documents:
1) Your actual License or Permit
2) Your Medical
3) Your Radio Operator’s
Certificate
Journey Log
-A journey log must be maintained for every airplane other than an
ultra light.
-It is the responsibility of the pilot in command to keep the logbook up to
date by recording every flight
-aircraft’s maintenance.
Journey Log - fine details
-full = must be kept for minimum one year
• The last 2 entries of an old log must be carried over to the new log.
• All maintenance inspections must be recorded in the journey log.
• The journey log must be carried on board if:
You plan to land at another airport
The flight will exceed 25 NM
Interception Procedures
found in the CFS and the AIM.
They are required to be carried onboard.
If you are intercepted, contact the intercepting aircraft on 121.5
Technical Log (not required onboard)
1) The Airframe
2) Systems and Modifications
3) Each Engine
4) Each Propeller
Life Preservers (PFDs) - when on board?
Beyond glide distance to
shore
Over 50 NM from shore
Rafts must be on board when…
For Single Engine
• beyond 100 NM from shore,
• If the distance travelled from shore will exceed
30 minutes cruise, whichever is SHORTER.
For Multi-engine
• beyond 200 NM from shore,
• If the distance travelled from shore will exceed
60 minutes cruise, whichever is SHORTER.
Northern Domestic Airspace
-NDA, flights are based upon true track.
-Runways and winds are based upon degrees true.
“Everything is true up north.”
Southern Domestic Airspace
SDA, flights are based upon magnetic track.
Runways and winds are based upon degrees magnetic.
Altimeter Setting & Standard Pressure Regions
Another division of Canada’s airspace is the
Altimeter Setting Region and the Standard
Pressure Region.
Altimeter Setting Region
all Southern Domestic Airspace below 18,000 ft.
altimeter should be set to the nearest station enoute.
altimeter setting provides the altitude ASL.
Standard Pressure Region
consists of Northern Domestic Airspace, and all airspace over
Canada at or above 18,000 ft.
-altimeter should be set to 29.92”Hg; with the exception of
takeoff and landing.
-This system standardize altitudes at higher flight levels
Classes of Airspace
A –> G
Class A
- Controlled Airspace
- IFR only
- All high level airspace (18,000 and above)
- Requires an ATC clearance to enter
- Class A is subject to ATC clearances and instructions
- Requires Mode C transponder and radio
Class B
- Controlled Airspace
- IFR and VFR subject to ATC clearances and instructions
- Includes airspace between 12,500 and 18,000 ft
- VFR must file a flight plan and receive clearance to enter
- Control zones and terminal control areas may be classified as class B
- Must have a Mode C transponder and radio
- Permission required to enter
Class C
- Controlled Airspace
- IFR and VFR Permitted
- Becomes class E when ATC not operational
- Often terminal airspace or control zones
- Permission required to enter
- Must have a Mode C transponder and radio
Class D
- Controlled Airspace
- IFR and VFR permitted
- Only IFR receives traffic separation
- VFR must establish 2-way com prior to entering
- Becomes Class E when ATC not operational
Class E
- Operational need for control but does not meet requirements for A, B, C, or D
- No special requirements for VFR
- IFR traffic separation only
- Can be a control zone, control zone, extension, or a low level airway
Class F
• Can be controlled or uncontrolled • Can be permanent or temporary. If temporary, a NOTAM will be issued. • There are three sub-categories of Class F airspace CYA - Advisory Airspace – Traffic is encouraged to avoid the area for flight safety purposes CYR – Restricted Airspace – No one may enter unless prior permission is obtained CYD – Dangerous Airspace – Absolutely no entry due to hazardous conditions
CYA - Advisory Airspace
Traffic is
encouraged to avoid the area for flight
safety purposes
CYR – Restricted Airspace
No one
may enter unless prior permission is
obtained
CYD – Dangerous Airspace –
Absolutely no entry due to hazardous
conditions
Class G
• Class G is uncontrolled airspace
• ATC has no authority or responsibility for exercising
control over air traffic
• Flying in uncontrolled airspace means having to worry less about
following specific regulations, however ATC provides absolutely
zero service. In uncontrolled airspace, you are all on your own.
Extra care must be taken to ensure a safe flight.
Low Level Airways
• Low level airways are like freeways in the sky.
• They use VHF or UHF radio aids to define a path between
2 stations.
• These airways are approximately 8nm wide and extend from 2,200 ft to
18,000 ft AGL
• Low level airways are also called “Victor Airways” because they are designated a ‘V’ identifier.
Low Level Air Routes
- Low Level Air Routes join two LF/MF radio navigation aids, such as NDBs.
- Low level air routes are uncontrolled airspace extending from the surface of the earth up to 18,000 ft.
- The dimensions of low level airways and air routes differ slightly, as seen to the left.
The ADIZ
• All flights through the ADIZ must file a Defense Flight Plan
or Defense Flight Itinerary.
• The flight plan must stipulate the time and place the ADIZ
will be penetrated.
• During the flight, the pilot must penetrate the ADIZ
within:
• +/- 20 NM
• +/- 5 Minutes
Cruising Altitude Orders
Flights below 3000 ft AGL, there are no rules governing
VFR cruising altitudes.
• For VFR flights above 3000 ft AGL, the following rules apply:
For an eastbound magnetic track of 000 – 179 degrees,
cruising altitudes should be ODD 1000s +500 ft, (3500,
5500, 7500, etc)
For a westbound magnetic track of 180 – 359 degrees,
cruising altitudes should be EVEN 1000s +500 ft, (4500,
6500, 8500, etc)
• Remember: “Odd people go East.”
Flight Plans and Flight Itineraries
Before conducting any flight in Canada a pilot must file a flight plan or flight
itinerary. This is a LEGAL REQUIREMENT.
- record of where you went, how you planned to get there, and what time you planned to arrive
- Your flight plan is your LIFELINE.
Flight Plans require:
Point and Time of Departure Routing Destination(s) Estimated Time Enroute Fuel Onboard Aircraft and Equipment... Persons on board
Arrival Reports
• Upon arrival to your destination, an arrival report must be filed to close
your flight plan as soon as possible.
• This report may be filed with ATC, FSS, or FIC directly.
• FIC will commence search and rescue efforts 60 minutes after your ETA if the have not been notified.
• Failure to properly close your flight plan results in wasted SAR resources
and potentially huge fines.
• You may close your flight plan, by radio or over the phone.
Flight Itineraries
Same info as a flight plan and can be used as an alternate method to a flight
plan when:
-flight is conducted in part or in whole outside controlled airspace;
-facilities are inadequate to permit the communication of flight plan information to an air traffic control unit
-a flight service station or a community aerodrome radio station
Filled with: ATC, FSS, CARS or a “Responsible Person”
Search and Rescue
Mayday Call
ELT Activation
Report by a Concerned Person
An Aircraft is Overdue
Search and Rescue
- -arrival report has not been file within 60 minutes of your ETA, SAR is initiated.
- -flight itinerary is considered overdue 24 hours after the ETA.
SAR Communications
please google image of all the symbols
