Airframes

Question 1

Where is the verticle stabilizer

Answer 1

back of the plane - rudder is attached to it

Question 2

Where is the horizontal stabilizer?

Answer 2

back of the plane the elevator is attached to it

Question 3

2 type of fuselage

Answer 3

1) Truss Design
2) Semi-Monocoque Design

Question 4

Truss Design
What are the longerons

Answer 4

Longerons run the length of the fuselage connecting bulkheads.

Question 5

Truss Design
What are struts?

Answer 5

a system the reinforces the entire structure

Question 6

Semi-monocoque means

Answer 6

Skin carries all of the load. Since that is virtually impossible most are “Semi” = only part of the laod is carried by the skin. The rest is via stringers & formers

Question 7

The Wings Components
Spars
Ribs
Struts

Answer 7

Spars= backbone of wing -length wise root - tip
Ribs = longitudinally
Struts = brace the spars in multi-spar wings

Question 8

Wing positions
Low/Mid/High
Shoulder & Parasol

Answer 8

They are sound like what they are
Parasol = uses struts and is similar to a high wing

Question 9

What controls longitudinal stability?

Answer 9

Ailerons - controlling roll

Question 10

What controls lateral stability?

Answer 10

Elevators - controlling pitch (up & down)

Question 11

What controls yaw?

Answer 11

Rudder

Question 12

What is the Anti-servo tab?

Answer 12

Attached to trailing edge of the horizontal stabilizer. This helps trim the plane.

Question 13

Single Leaf Cantilever Spring Steel Gear

Answer 13

-Each gear is attached to the fuselage
-Construction material itself absorbs a large part of the shock of landing.
-Light aircrafts such as Cessna.

Question 14

Split Axle Gear with Shock Chords

Answer 14

 The gear is attached to the fuselage.
 Bungee-like shock chords between the frame and the gear
absorb a large part of the shock of landing.
 Popular on older tail-wheel aircraft.

Question 15

Single Strut Gear with Oleos

Answer 15

 Oleos (hydraulic shock absorbers ) absorb the shock of landing.
**Gear is attached to the wing.
 Popular on many Piper models.

Question 16

The lift via the propeller is called thrust.
What is the drag called?

Answer 16

Propeller Torque

Question 17

Fine verse Course Pitch

Answer 17

the distance that the propeller moves forward.
1 revolution = pitch.
Fine = good performance at slow speeds
Course = good for cruise/higher speeds

Fine for climb & Coarse for cruise

Question 18

Fixed pitch propeller =

Answer 18

the propeller blade never changes angle.

Question 19

variable pitch propeller =

Answer 19

combines the benefits of both fine & coarse -changes with a mechanical device called a propeller governor

Question 20

Cosntant speed propeller =

Answer 20

most popular**
automatically adjusts the pitch to maintain a constant RPM speed set be the pilot.

Question 21

Propellers – Side Effects (4)

Answer 21

 Slipstream
 Torque
 Asymmetric Thrust
 Precession
–all forms of adverse yaw

Question 22

propeller -Asymmetric Thrust

Answer 22

due to the downward blade getting more load when the noise is raised = more thrust = yaw to the L.

Asymmetric Thrust is a form of adverse
yaw. It is also know as ‘P-Factor.’

Question 23

Propeller Side Effects – Precession

Answer 23

not sure I get this…
The spinning propeller of an airplane acts like a
gyroscope. One of the characteristics of a
gyroscope is that if a force is applied to it while in
motion, it will act as though that force has been
applied 90 degrees in the direction of rotation.
If an airplane changes suddenly from a nose up to
a nose down position, as is the case on the takeoff
roll in a tail-wheel aircraft, the aircraft will tend to
yaw to the left.