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Comprehensive NCLEX Review > Calcium Channel Blockers, Arrythmias, Chest Tubes, & Congenital Heart Defects > Flashcards

Calcium Channel Blockers, Arrythmias, Chest Tubes, & Congenital Heart Defects Flashcards

1
Q

Calcium channel blockers indications

A

Tachycardia, tachyarrythmias, post-myocardial infarction to rest heart

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2
Q

Calcium channel blockers are given to _____ the heart

A

Relax

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3
Q

What conditions do calcium channel blockers treat?

A

Hypertension, angina, atrial arrythmias (aflutter, afib, premature atrial contractions, supraventricular tachycardia)

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4
Q

Calcium channel blockers side effects

A

Headache (d/t dilated vessels in brain), hypotension (d/t relaxation of heart and blood vessels)
MEMORY TRICK: think H&H

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5
Q

Calcium channel blockers end in

A

-dipine (think “Dipin in the calcium channel)

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6
Q

Calcium channel blockers that do not end in -dipine

A

Verapamil, Cardizem (given continuous IV drip)

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7
Q

Calcium channel blocker nursing considerations

A

Measure BP before administration, hold if systolic BP is <100, monitor BP continuously if on cardizem drip (if SBP is below 100, slow down and titrate drip to keep SBP over 100)

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8
Q

What four cardiac arrythmias should you be able to interpret?

A

Normal sinus rhythm, ventricular fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia, asystole

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9
Q

Lethal arrythmias that have no cardiac output

A

Asystole and Vfib

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10
Q

Arrythmia that has cardiac output, but can be potentially life threatening

A

V-Tach (can be w/ pulse or pulseless)

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11
Q

Pharmacological treatment for PVCs and Vtach

A

Lidocaine, Amiodarone

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12
Q

Pharmacological treatment for supraventricular (atrial) arrythmias

A

Adenosine (IVP less than 8 seconds w/ 20 mL of IV fluid flush after; pt may go into asystole for about 30 sec but they will come out of it), beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, digoxin

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13
Q

Vfib treatment

A

Defibrillation

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14
Q

Treatment for asystole

A

Epinephrine and atropine

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15
Q

What is the purpose of a chest tube?

A

To reestablish negative pressure in the pleural space so that the lungs expand when the chest wall moves

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16
Q

What should be reported in clients with chest tubes?

A

Chest tube is not bubbling, chest tube drained 800 mL in first 10 hours, the chest tube is not draining, the chest tube is intermittently bubbling

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17
Q

Apical chest tubes remove _____, and basilar chest tubes remove _____.

A

Air; blood
MEMORY TRICK: A for A, and B for B

18
Q

What do you do if you knock over chest tube drainage water seal apparatus?

A

Set it back up and have the pt take deep breaths — NOT a medical emergency

19
Q

What do you do if the water seal breaks?

A

Clamp it, cut it away from broken device, stick end of tube in sterile water to reestablish water seal, unclamp it

20
Q

Intermittent bubbling in the water seal is _________

A

Good/normal/expected

21
Q

Continuous bubbling in the water seal is _____

A

BAD! Find leak and put tape over it until it stops leaking

22
Q

Intermittent bubbling in the suction-control chamber is _____

A

BAD! Suction in not high enough… turn up dial on wall so that bubbling becomes continuous

23
Q

Continuous bubbling in the suction-control chamber is _________

A

Good/Normal/Expected

24
Q

Rules for clamping tubes

A

Never clamp tube for longer than 15 sec w/o Dr. order, use rubber tipped double clamps so tube does not get punctured

25
Q

TRouBLe congenital heart defects characteristics

A

Shunts blood R to L, cyanotic, requires surgery, delayed growth and development, decreased life span, exercise intolerance, apnea monitoring,

26
Q

NO trouble congenital heart defects characteristics

A

Shunts blood L to R, no cyanosis, no big deal!

27
Q

All congenital heart defects that start with the letter ___ are trouble

A

T (Tetrology of fallot, truncus arteriosis, transposition of the great vessels, tricuspid atresia)

28
Q

Examples of NO trouble CHDs

A

Ventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, patent foramen ovale, atrial septal defect, pulmonic stenosis

29
Q

All congenital heart defect, whether trouble or not, will have

A

A murmur (d/t shunt of blood) and an echocardiogram done to find out why

30
Q

4 defects of Tetrology of Fallot mnemonic

A

“Valentines Day Pick Someone Out A Red Heart”: Ventricular Defect, Pulmonary Stenosis, Overriding Aorta, Right Hypertrophy

31
Q

What are the four transmission-based precautions?

A

Standard/universal, contact, droplet, airborne

32
Q

Examples of diseases requiring contact precautions

A

C.Diff, Hep A, Cholera, Staph infections, RSV, herpes zoster (shingles)

33
Q

Contact isolation precautions

A

Private room, cohort is acceptable, gown, gloves, handwashing, disposable supplies and dedicated equipment (stethoscope, BP cuff)

34
Q

Examples of infectious diseases that require droplets precautions

A

Meningitis, Influenza

35
Q

Droplet isolation precautions

A

Private room preferred, mask, gloves, handwashing, pt wears mask when leaving room, disposable supplies and dedicated equipment

36
Q

Examples of infectious diseases that require airborne precautions

A

Measles, mumps, rubella, TB, varicella (chicken pox)

37
Q

Airborne isolation precautions

A

Private rooms required w/ negative airflow, mask, gloves, handwashing, N-95 for TB, pt wears mask when leaving room

38
Q

Order for TAKING OFF PPE

A

Gloves, goggles, gown, mask
MEMORY TRICK: take off in alphabetical order!

39
Q

Order for DONNING PPE

A

Gown, mask, goggles, gloves
MEMORY TRICK: reverse alphabetical for G’s, but mask comes second

40
Q

Dosage calculation equation

A

Desired/Have x Available

41
Q

IV drip rate equation

A

Volume x DF / time in minutes
(REMEMBER: mini/micro drips = 60 gtt/mL; macro drips = 10 gtt/mL)

Comprehensive NCLEX Review (3 decks)

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