Assistive Devices & Psychosis

Question 1

Crutch measurement

Answer 1

2-3 finger widths below axilla lateral to and slightly in front of foot; hand grips should be placed so angle of flexion is about 30 degrees

Question 2

Describe 2-point crutch gait

Answer 2

A crutch and opposite foot move together followed by the other crutch and other foot together

Question 3

Describe 3-point crutch gait

Answer 3

Two crutches and bad leg move together

Question 4

Describe 4-point crutch gait

Answer 4

Everything moves separately (move a crutch followed, move the opposite leg, move the other crutch, move the other leg)

Question 5

The swing-through crutch gait is indicated for

Answer 5

Non-weight bearing (ex: amputations)
NOTE: amputation with a prosthetic device CAN bear weight

Question 6

When should a 2-point crutch gait be used?

Answer 6

For mild bilateral weakness

Question 7

When should 4-point crutch gait be used?

Answer 7

For severe bilateral weakness

Question 8

What crutch gait would you use if only one leg is affected?

Answer 8

3-point

Question 9

Patient education for going up and down the stairs with crutches

Answer 9

Go up the stairs leading with good leg, and go down with the stairs with the bad leg. Crutches always moved with the bad leg (REMEMBER: UP with the GOOD, DOWN with the BAD)

Question 10

Patient education on proper cane use

Answer 10

Hold cane on good side, advance cane with bad leg

Question 11

Walker patient education

Answer 11

Pick walker up, set it down, and walk to it. If necessary, tie belongings to side of walker (NOT the front). NO wheels or tennis balls on walkers

Question 12

Characteristics of patients who are psychotic

Answer 12

No insight, not reality-based, symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations, and illusions

Question 13

A _________ is a false, fixed idea or belief without sensory components

Answer 13

Delusion

Question 14

The false, fixed belief that people are out to harm you (police, mafia, wife, kids, neighbors, etc.)

Answer 14

Paranoid delusion

Question 15

False belief that you are superior (you are Christ, or the world’s smartest/greatest person)

Answer 15

Grandiose delusion

Question 16

False, fixed belief about a body part

Answer 16

Somatic delusion
Ex: “I have X-Ray Vision”, “There are worms inside my arms”

Question 17

False, fixed idea that involves the five senses

Answer 17

Hallucinations (can be auditory, visual, tactile, gustatory, and/or olfactory)

Question 18

What are the three most common types of hallucinations?

Answer 18

Auditory, visual, and tactile

Question 19

The misinterpretation of reality through a sensory experience

Answer 19

Illusion
(NOTE: with an ILLUSION there is actually something there, but there is nothing there with a HALLUCINATION)

Question 20

What are the three types of psychosis?

Answer 20

Functional, psychosis of dementia, and psychotic delirium

Question 21

What are the four diseases that make up functional psychosis?

Answer 21

1) Schizophrenia
2) Schizoaffective disorder
3) Major Depression
4) Major Manic

Question 22

Psychosis of dementia is caused by

Answer 22

Brain damage (ex: Alzheimer’s, post-stroke, organic brain syndrome, senile/dementia)

Question 23

What type of psychosis is characterized by the potential to learn reality?

Answer 23

Psychotic delirium

Question 24

4-step process for teaching reality for functional psychotic patients

Answer 24

1) acknowledge feeling
2) present reality
3) set a limit
4) enforce the limit

Question 25

2-step process for managing psychosis of dementia

Answer 25

1) acknowledge feeling
2) redirect the patient
(NOTE: DO NOT present reality because these patient cannot learn it which will lead to frustration; however, DO ORIENT the patient to reality — person, place, time)

Question 26

Temporary, sudden dramatic secondary loss of reality usually due to some chemical imbalance in the body

Answer 26

Psychotic delirium

Question 27

2-step process of managing psychotic delirium

Answer 27

1) acknowledge feeling
2) reassure the patient that it is temporary and they will be kept safe

Question 28

Symptom of psychosis in which patients go from thought to thought to thought

Answer 28

Flight of ideas

Question 29

Symptom of psychosis in which the patient babbles random words

Answer 29

Word salad

Question 30

Symptom of psychosis in which the patient makes up imaginary words

Answer 30

Neologism

Question 31

Symptom of psychosis in which the patient thinks everyone is talking about them

Answer 31

Ideas of reference