Assistive Devices & Psychosis Flashcards
Crutch measurement
2-3 finger widths below axilla lateral to and slightly in front of foot; hand grips should be placed so angle of flexion is about 30 degrees
Describe 2-point crutch gait
A crutch and opposite foot move together followed by the other crutch and other foot together
Describe 3-point crutch gait
Two crutches and bad leg move together
Describe 4-point crutch gait
Everything moves separately (move a crutch followed, move the opposite leg, move the other crutch, move the other leg)
The swing-through crutch gait is indicated for
Non-weight bearing (ex: amputations)
NOTE: amputation with a prosthetic device CAN bear weight
When should a 2-point crutch gait be used?
For mild bilateral weakness
When should 4-point crutch gait be used?
For severe bilateral weakness
What crutch gait would you use if only one leg is affected?
3-point
Patient education for going up and down the stairs with crutches
Go up the stairs leading with good leg, and go down with the stairs with the bad leg. Crutches always moved with the bad leg (REMEMBER: UP with the GOOD, DOWN with the BAD)
Patient education on proper cane use
Hold cane on good side, advance cane with bad leg
Walker patient education
Pick walker up, set it down, and walk to it. If necessary, tie belongings to side of walker (NOT the front). NO wheels or tennis balls on walkers
Characteristics of patients who are psychotic
No insight, not reality-based, symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations, and illusions
A _________ is a false, fixed idea or belief without sensory components
Delusion
The false, fixed belief that people are out to harm you (police, mafia, wife, kids, neighbors, etc.)
Paranoid delusion
False belief that you are superior (you are Christ, or the world’s smartest/greatest person)
Grandiose delusion
False, fixed belief about a body part
Somatic delusion
Ex: “I have X-Ray Vision”, “There are worms inside my arms”
False, fixed idea that involves the five senses
Hallucinations (can be auditory, visual, tactile, gustatory, and/or olfactory)
What are the three most common types of hallucinations?
Auditory, visual, and tactile
The misinterpretation of reality through a sensory experience
Illusion
(NOTE: with an ILLUSION there is actually something there, but there is nothing there with a HALLUCINATION)
What are the three types of psychosis?
Functional, psychosis of dementia, and psychotic delirium
What are the four diseases that make up functional psychosis?
1) Schizophrenia
2) Schizoaffective disorder
3) Major Depression
4) Major Manic
Psychosis of dementia is caused by
Brain damage (ex: Alzheimer’s, post-stroke, organic brain syndrome, senile/dementia)
What type of psychosis is characterized by the potential to learn reality?
Psychotic delirium
4-step process for teaching reality for functional psychotic patients
1) acknowledge feeling
2) present reality
3) set a limit
4) enforce the limit
2-step process for managing psychosis of dementia
1) acknowledge feeling
2) redirect the patient
(NOTE: DO NOT present reality because these patient cannot learn it which will lead to frustration; however, DO ORIENT the patient to reality — person, place, time)
Temporary, sudden dramatic secondary loss of reality usually due to some chemical imbalance in the body
Psychotic delirium
2-step process of managing psychotic delirium
1) acknowledge feeling
2) reassure the patient that it is temporary and they will be kept safe
Symptom of psychosis in which patients go from thought to thought to thought
Flight of ideas
Symptom of psychosis in which the patient babbles random words
Word salad
Symptom of psychosis in which the patient makes up imaginary words
Neologism
Symptom of psychosis in which the patient thinks everyone is talking about them
Ideas of reference
