CAL: Heart sounds Flashcards
Define S1
onset of systole and is heard at the time of AV valve closure and the onset of ventricular con-traction
Define S2
end of systole and is heard at the time of outflow valve closure
Define S3
rapid passive filling phase of the ventricles
Define S4
phase of active ventricular filling
What is heard normally in horses?
three or four of the normal heart sounds are audible at lower heart rates
What is heard normally in the dog and cat?
first two heart sounds S1 and S2 only
Is a gallop rhythm in cats and dogs always abnormal?
Yes
When does a late diastolic murmur occur?
An additional sound, just prior to S1
When does an early diastolic decrescendo murmur occur?
Follows the end of S2.
T/F: loud systolic murmurs in the dog can drown out the normal heart sounds.
True
When is a continuous murmur most intense in the dog?
Most intense in systole
In horses, what is a diastolic murmur characteristic of?
aortic regurgitation
T/F: borborygmi are sometimes audible in the background when auscultating a horse
True
Describe a normal canine heart rhythm.
Not normaly regular. Dogs tend to have a rhythm that is regularly irregular and is known as sinus arrhythmia. Here groups of beats come in regular cycles with slowing of the rate between and is quite normal.
T/F: horses normally have regular rhythms.
False - horses regularly have irregular rhythms
