CACREP AREA: Group Counseling and Group Work Flashcards
Prior to the 1960s most counseling took place in…?
In a dyadic relationship
**HINT: **Dyad = unit of two functioning as a pair – in this case, the counselor and the client form the pair
A group has (what components)…?
1) A membership which can be defined
2) Some degree of unity and interaction
3) A shared purpose
The term “group therapy” was coined in 1931 by who?
Jacob Moreno, the father of psychodrama
HINT: Psychodramatic techniques are appropriate for family therapy as well as group work
Noted psychotherapy author and scholar Raymond Corsini once referred to the early 1940s as the “modern era” of group work.
In the 1940s the two organizations for group therapy were created and group work became a legitimate specialty.
The two groups are…?
1) American Society for Group Psychotherapy and Psychodrama (ASGPP) spawned by the work of Jacob Moreno in 1942
2) American Group Psychotherapy Association (AGPA) which resulted from the effort of Samuel Richard Slavson in 1943.
Which theorists’ work has been classified as a preface to the group movement?
Alfred Adler and Jesse B. Davis.
HINT:
Davis is noted as a pioneer in school guidance counseling and America’s first school guidance counselor. His work result in the National Vocational Guidance Association (now today known as National Career Development Association)
Adler, who is known for his individual psychology, was engaged in group treatment at his child guidance facilities. He believed with group work, “Man’s problems and conflicts are recognized in their social nature”
Primary groups are…?
Preventive and attempt to ward off problems
A group is classified as secondary. This implies what?
A difficulty or disturbance is present
When comparing a tertiary group with a primary or secondary group
The tertiary group is more likely to deal with severe pathology
What is true of group norms and its purpose?
They govern acceptable behavior and group rules
Group therapy initially flourished in the United States due to…?
A shortage of individual therapists during World War II
Group content refers to material discussed in a group setting, whereas group process refers to…?
The manner in which discussions and transactions occur.
Group cohesiveness refers to…?
Forces which tend to bind group members together
Some theorists feel that group therapy differs from group counseling (which is also called an interpersonal problem-solving group), in that group therapy…?
Group therapy (also dubbed as a personality reconstruction group) would be of longer duration.
Most experts would agree on what overall concerning structured exercises?
Structured exercises are less effective than unstructured techniques.
One advantage of group work is that a counselor can see more clients in a given period of time.
One disadvantage is that a counselor can be too focused on group processes and…?
Individual issues are not properly examined.
According to the risky shift phenomenon, a group decision will be…?
Less conservative than the average group member’s decision, prior to the group discussion.
T-groups often stress ways employees can express themselves in an effective manner.
The “T” in T-groups stands for what?
Training
A counselor suggests that her client join an assertiveness training group. Most assertiveness training groups are…?
Behavioristic and highly structured.
Weight Watchers is what type of group?
A self-help or support group, as is AA (alcoholics anonymous)
The ACA and the ASGW division recommend screening for potential group members for what types of groups?
For all groups
A counselor is conducting a screening for clients who wish to participate in a counseling group which will meet Tuesday nights at his private practice office.
Which client would most likely be the poorest choice for a group member?
An extremely hostile and belligerent construction worker.
A counselor is screening clients for a new group at the college counseling center.
Which client would most likely be the poorest choice for a group member?
A first-year student who is suicidal and sociopathic.
A screening for group members can be done in a group or privately.
Although private screening interviews are not as cost effective or as time efficient as group screening, many group leaders feel that private screening sessions are superior in term of…?
In terms of counselor-client interaction.
Most experts in the field of counseling would agree that the most important trait for group members is the ability to…?
To trust
Groups can be open or closed. The two differ in that closed groups…?
Allow no new members after the group begins
One major advantage of a closed group versus an open group is it…?
Promotes cohesiveness.
One major disadvantage of a closed group versus an open group
is…?
If everyone quits, you will be left with no group members
The number of people in an open group is generally…?
More stable than in a closed group.
One distinct disadvantage of an open group is that…?
A member who begins after the first meeting has missed information or experiences
When a group member is spepking, it is best for the counselor to do what?
Try to face the group member
A group setting has a flexible seating arrangement in which clients are free to sit wherever they wish.
In this setting it is likely that…?
An Asian American leader and an Asian American client would sit close together.
In other words, persons who are similar will sit next to each other
A group setting has a flexible seating arrangement in which clients are free to sit wherever they wish.
In this setting it is likely that…?
A Cuban male client in a designer suit and an Asian male client in another brand of designer suit will sit close together
In other words, the likelihood is that people who are similar or believe they have “something in common” initially will sit together.
Which statement made by a doctoral-level counselor is illustrative of a leader focused on process rather than product?
“You wince whenever Jane raises her voice.”
Which statement made by a group leader in a residential center for adolescents focuses on product rather than process?
“Ken has not stolen for a week and thus is eligible for supplementary tokens.”
Groups promote the concept of universality, which suggests that…?
We are not the only ones in the world with a given problem.
In the late 1930s researchers Lewin, Lippitt, and White identified three basic leadership styles.
What are they?
Autocratic, democratic, and laissez faire.
The autocratic or authoritarian leader may give orders to the group, while the laissez faire leader does what?
Has a hands-off policy and participates very little, with the group basically taking responsibility for itself.
When comparing the autocratic, democratic, and laissez faire styles, which one is the most desirable?
The democratic (or what Sam Gladding called a facilitator) is the most desirable.
A group with more than one leader is said to utilize co-leaders.
Co-leadership is desirable because…?
1) The group can go on even if one leader is absent.
2) Two leaders can focus on group dynamics better than one leader since two individuals will have better observational skills.
3) Leaders can process their feelings between sessions.
What is true concerning co-leadership and burnout?
Co-leadership reduces burnout and helps ensure safety
