C9 - Crude Oil 2️⃣✅ Flashcards
What is the first Alkane and what is its molecular formula?
Methane, CH4
What is the second Alkane and what is its molecular formula?
Ethane, C2H6
What is the third Alkane and what is its molecular formula?
Propane, C3H8
What is the fourth Alkane and what is its molecular formula?
Butane, C4H10
What is the fifth Alkane and what is its molecular formula?
Pentane, C5H12
What is the sixth Alkane and what is its molecular formula?
Hexane, H6H14
What is the formula for working out the amount of hydrogen in an alkane?
CnH2n+2 or double the amount of carbons and add 2
What type of bonds do saturated hydrocarbons have?
Saturated single bonds.
What is a hydrocarbon?
A compound containing ONLY hydrogen and carbon.
What is the formula for working out the amount of hydrogen in an alkene?
Double the amount of carbons.
How many covalent bonds can one atom of carbon form?
4
What is displayed formula?
Dot and cross/ stick diagrams.
What does volatile mean?
That a substance is easily evaporated at normal temperatures.
What does viscous mean?
That a substance has a thick, sticky consistency between solid and liquid.
What does flammability mean?
Flammability is the measure of how quickly a specific material is capable of catching fire and burning.
If a hydrocarbon has a short chain length flammability is ______
High
If a hydrocarbon has a long chain length flamability is ______
Low
If a hydrocarbon has a short chain length viscocity is _________
low
If a hydrocarbon has a long chain length viscocity is ________
high
Combustion is when something is ___________ in __________.
Combustion is when something is burning in oxygen.
Incomplete combustion is when something is ___________ in __________ ____________ ___ __________.
Incomplete combustion is when something is burning in limited supply of oxygen.
What are the products of incomplete combustion?
Carbon monoxide ( CO ) and water ( H20 )
What is the symbol for carbon monoxide?
CO
What are the products of combustion?
Carbon dioxide ( CO2 ) and water ( H20 )
What are the products of combustion?
Carbon dioxide ( CO2 ) and water ( H20 )
When you write the displayed formula for alkenes you always _____ __ _____ ___ ___ _____ ______.
When you write the displayed formula for alkenes you always leave a gap on the bottom side of the bonds of the second carbon and include a double bond connecting the first 2 carbons.
Where does crude oil originally come from?
Dead marine life.
What is the general formula for alkanes?
CnH2n+2
Are alkanes saturated or unsaturated compounds?
saturated because they dont have any double or triple bonds
What is kerosene commonly used for?
Fuel in jett engines
Why are hydrocarbons higher up the fractionating column used for fuels?
Because they have a low boiling point, they are therefore short chain moloucles, inferring that they have high flammability and low viscocity making them ideal for fuels
Why are longer chained molocules not used for fuel?
Becuase they are not flammable and are too viscous
Label all the liquids produced at each level of this fractionating column
What is the mnuemonic for remembering the prefixes?
My
Elephant
Prefers
Big
Party
Hats
Using the mnuemonic for remebering the prefixes, what are all 6 prefixes?
Methane
Ethane
Propane
Butane
Pentane
Hexane
If a hydrocarbon has a long chain length its boling point is ______
high
If a hydrocarbon has a short chain length its boiling point is _______
low
What type of reaction is cracking?
Thermal decomposition reaction
What is a thermal decomposition reaction?
The breaking down of molecules using heat
What are the two types of cracking used for long chain hydrocarbons?
Catalytic cracking and steam cracking
How does catalytic cracking work?
- heat up the long chain hydrocarbon until it vapourises
- Get the catalyst - powedered aluminium oxide
- pass the vapourised hydrocarbon over the powder
- As the longchain hydrocarbons come into contact with the catalyst they split into shorter chains
How does steam cracking work?
- heat up the long chain hydrocarbon until it vapourises
- Mix the vapour with steam
- And heat to increase the temperature
- this causes the long chains to split into shorter chains
What is the set equation for the cracking of long chain alkanes?
long chain alkane ———> short chain alkane + alkene
What is the rule for the equation for the cracking of long chain alkanes?
Number of carbons & hydrogens have to be equal on either side of the equation
Why are alkenes more reactive than alkanes?
Because they are unsaturated (have double bonds) so can react with things like bromine hence bromine water being the test for alkanes/ alkenes
Why can alkenes be used for polymers?
As they are unsaturated and have a double bond which can be broken to form polymers - long chain molecules
What is the positive and negative result for a test for alkenes/ alkanes?
- Alkane - bromine water remains orange
- Alkene - bromine water decolourises
What is used to test for alkanes/ alkenes?
Bromine water
