C11 - Polymers 2️⃣✅

Question 1

What are monomers?

Answer 1

Small molocules that join together in log chains to make a polymer

Question 2

What are polymers?

Answer 2

A long chain of small molocules

Question 3

What is addition polymerisation?

Answer 3

The formation of long chain molocules from lots of small molocules joining together with no extra products produced

Question 4

What is condensation polymerisation?

Answer 4

The formation of long chain molocules from lots of small molocules joining together with another small molocule (usually water/ H20) produced as well

Question 5

What makes up a nucleotide?

Answer 5

• phosphate
• sugar
• base

Question 6

DNA is made up of ____?

Answer 6

two long polymers that wind around in a double helix

Question 7

How many different monomers does DNA contain and what are they called?

Answer 7

4 and they are called nucleotides

Question 8

What does DNA stand for?

Answer 8

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 9

What is a repeating unit?

Answer 9

The smallest part of a polymer that repeats itself throughout the chain

Question 10

What is polymerisation?

Answer 10

A reaction that turns multiple monomers into polymers

Question 11

What are the 2 types of polymerisation?

Answer 11

addition and condensation

Question 12

What kind of monomers are involved with addition polymerisation?

Answer 12

molocules with C=C bonds e.g. alkenes

Question 13

What kind of monomers are involved with condensation polymerisation?

Answer 13

monomers with two functional groups

Question 14

What other product is (usually) produced in condensation polymerisation?

Answer 14

water

Question 15

What is a natural polymer?

Answer 15

A polymer produced naturally by organisms

Question 16

Give 3 examples of natural polymers

Answer 16

polypeptides,DNA & carbohydrates

Question 17

What is a polypeptide?

Answer 17

A polymer made from many amino acids

Question 18

What are amino acids?

Answer 18

The building blocks for polypeptides and protiens

Question 19

What monomer makes up starch and cellulose?

Answer 19

glucose

Question 20

What monomers are DNA made of?

Answer 20

nucleotides

Question 21

How is DNA arranged?

Answer 21

double helix

Question 22

What 3 things do you have to do when drawing displatyed formulas of addition polymerisation?

Answer 22

• Always draw bonds facing up and down, not diagonal
• make sure the 2 empty bonds on each side of the repeating unit pass through the brackets
• make sure the ‘n’ is in the middle left of the monomer and bottom right of repeating unit

Question 23

How do monomers need to be drawn in addition polymerisation?

Answer 23

With all the carbons coming off of the C = C double bond (they cant conme from anywhere else, have to come from the bond; add the remaining carbons to a single bond just with a small formula of the remaining carbon & hydrogen of the monomer e.g.

Question 24

Do you draw the repeating unit or monomer with a C=C double bond?

Answer 24

The monomer has a C=C whereas the repeating unit just has a single bond with 2 bonds poking out of the side of the brackets

Question 25

How do you name addition polymers?

Answer 25

Put the word ‘poly’ infront of the monomers name and then put the monomers name in brackets e.g. if it was ethene the addition polymer name would be poly(ethene)

Question 26

What do additon reactions require to work?

Answer 26

• high pressure
• catalyst

Question 27

What are the 3 important things required for condensation polymers?

Answer 27

• Each monomer involved has to have at least two functional groups e.g. 2 OH
• Needs to be at least 2 different functional groups overall across both monomers
• Small molecule is given off in the process (generally water)

Question 28

What is the main difference between polyesters (condenstation polymers) and plastics (addition polymers)?

Answer 28

Polyesters are biodegradable as bacteria is capable of breaking down the ester link holding them together

Question 29

What do rectangles like this represent in a displayed formula?

Answer 29

The rest of the molecule

Question 30

What do polypeptides become upon folding up or combining with other polypeptides?

Answer 30

A protein

Question 31

What are 2 things that protiens do?

Answer 31

• Catalyse chemical reactions as enzymes
• Provide structure and strength to tissues

Question 32

What groups so amino acids contain?

Answer 32

• Amino groups (NH2)
• Carboxylic acid groups (COOH)

Question 33

Through what type of reaction do amnio acids join together?

Answer 33

Condenstation reactions (ploymerisation)

Question 34

What are the 3 different names for the bond that links the amino monomer and the carboxylic monomer?

Answer 34

• amide bond
• amide link
• peptide bond
  all are acceptable

Question 35

What are all carbodydrates made up of? (3 things)

Answer 35

• carbon
• oxygen
• hydrogen

Question 36

What are examples of carbohydrate polymers (or polysaccharides)

Answer 36

• starch
• cellulose
• glycogen

Question 37

What are examples of carbohydrate monomers (or monosaccharides)

Answer 37

• glucose
• fructose

Question 38

Combining monomers (e.g. glucose) results in a ____________ (e.g. ____________)

Answer 38

Combining monomers (e.g. glucose) results in a polymer (e.g. glycogen)