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GCSE Chemistry AQA > C1 - Atomic Structure 1️⃣✅ > Flashcards

C1 - Atomic Structure 1️⃣✅ Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an atom?

A

The smallest part of an element that can exist

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2
Q

What is the plum pudding model of the atom?

A

A sphere of positive charge with negative electrons embedded in it

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3
Q

Who invented the plum pudding model?

A

J J Thomson

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4
Q

What did scientists discover in the alpha scattering experiemnt?

(gold foil)

A

That some alpha particles were deflected by the gold foil this showed that an atom’s mass and positive charge must be concentrated in one small place (the nucleus)

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5
Q

Describe the nuclear model of the atom

A

Dense with electrons orbiting it

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6
Q

What did Niels Bohr discover?

A

That electrons orbit in fixed energy levels (shells)

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7
Q

What did James Chadwick discover?

A

An uncharged particle called the neutron

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8
Q

Where are protons and neutrons located in the atom?

A

The nucleus

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9
Q

What is the relative mass of each sub-atomic particle?

A

Proton - 1
Neutron - 1
Electron - 0 (very small)

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10
Q

What is the relative charge for each sub-atomic particle?

A

Proton - +1
Neutron - 0
Electron - -1

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11
Q

How can you find out the number of protons in an atom?

A

The atomic number on the periodic table

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12
Q

How can you work out the number of neutrons in an atom?

A

The mass number - the atomic number

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13
Q

Why do atoms have no overall charge?

A

Because there are equal numbers of positive protons and negative electrons

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14
Q

How many electrons can you have in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd shells?

A

1st shell - 2
2nd shell - 8
3rd shell - 8

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15
Q

What is an element?

A

A substance made up of one type of atom

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16
Q

What is a compound?

A

A substance made of more than one type of element chemically joined together

17
Q

What is a mixture?

A

Two or more substances not chemically combined

18
Q

What are isotopes?

A

Atoms with the same number or protons and electrons, but a different number of neutrons

19
Q

What are the five physical processes that can be used to separate mixtures?

A

Filtration, crystallisation, chromatography, fractional distillation and simple distillation

20
Q

What is relative atomic mass?

A

The average mass of all the atoms of an element

21
Q

How do you work out the relative atomic mass of an isotope?

A

relative atomic mass = (abundance of isotope 1 x mass of isotope 1) + (abundance of isotope 2 + mass of isotope 2) OVER 100

22
Q

What is the atomic number?

A

The number of protons in an atom

23
Q

What is a molecule?

A

A molecule is a substance that contains two or more atoms

24
Q

What is an ion?

A

Ions are completely stable elements e.g. when the amount of available shells are full of electrons

25
Q

What is filtration?

A

Filtration is used to separate soluble and insoluble substances

26
Q

What does soluble mean?

A

When a substance is capable of being dissolved in water

27
Q

What does insoluble mean?

A

When a substance is incapable of being dissolved in water

28
Q

What is crystilisation?

A

Crystallisation is used to separate a soluble solid from a solution

29
Q

What is Distillation?

A

Distillation is used to separate a solvent from a solution

30
Q

What is Fractional Distillation?

A

Fractional distillation is used to separate two liquids with similar boiling points

31
Q

Who created the nuclear model?

A

Earnest Rutherford

32
Q

What was said about the electrons/ negative charge in the nuclear model?

A

It was a cloud around the positive nucleus

33
Q

Who inferred the electrons were orbiting?

A

Niels Bohr

34
Q

Who discovered the proton?

A

Earnest Rutherford

35
Q

Who discovered the neutron?

A

James Chadwick

36
Q

Write out the order of discovery of atomic theory

A

John dalton - solid spheres
JJ Thompson - plum pudding
Earnest Rutherford - nuclear model
Neils Bohr - electrons
Earnest Rutherford - proton
James Chadwick - neutron

GCSE Chemistry AQA (18 decks)

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