C3 - Structure and bonding 1️⃣✅

Question 1

What bonding occurs between a metal and non-metal?

Answer 1

Ionic bonds

Question 2

What bonding occurs between a non-metal and a non-metal?

Answer 2

Covalent bonds

Question 3

What bonding occurs between a metal and a metal?

Answer 3

Metalic bonds

Question 4

What is ammonia?

Answer 4

A compound containing the elements nitrogen and hydrogen NH3

Question 5

What is ionic bonding?

Answer 5

Ionic bonding is when a non-metal and a metal react together, one element looses electrons in order to make the other elements outer shell full

Question 6

What is covalent bonding?

Answer 6

Covalent bonding is when a non-metal and a non-metal share electrons to complete each others outer shell

Question 7

What is metallic bonding?

Answer 7

Metallic bonding is the electrostatic attraction between the positive metal ions and the free moving delocalised electrons

Question 8

What are the 2 allotropes of carbon?

Answer 8

Diamond and graphite

Question 9

Why is melting a ionic substance so difficult?

Answer 9

Because ionic substances have a regular repeating and strong structure with many bonds, in order to melt the substance, you would have to break all the bonds. Therefore the melting point is very high as breaking all of the bonds takes a very long time

Question 10

What is the structure of ionic substances?

Answer 10

Giant ionic lattice (regular, repeating pattern, like covalent ionic bonds are strong)

Question 11

How do you calculate mr?

Answer 11

You do the elements mass number x its occurrence for however many elements there are and then add them together

Question 12

What is a single bond?

Answer 12

When each atom shares one pair of electrons

Question 13

What is a double bond?

Answer 13

When each atom shares two pairs of electrons

Question 14

What ions do group 1 form?

Answer 14

1+

Question 15

What ions do group 2 form?

Answer 15

2+

Question 16

What ions do group 3 form?

Answer 16

3+

Question 17

What ions do group 4 form?

Answer 17

They do no t form ions

Question 18

What ions do group 5 form?

Answer 18

3-

Question 19

What ions do group 6 from?

Answer 19

2-

Question 20

What ions do group 7 form?

Answer 20

1-

Question 21

What ions do group 0 form?

Answer 21

They do not form ions as they already have full outer shells so there are no free spaces for a bond

Question 22

When you melt a substance are what are you actually melting?

Answer 22

You arent melting the strong bonds as they are way too strong, you are actually melting the weak intermolecular forces that hold together the strong bonds. The bigger the molecule the bigger/ stronger the intermolecular forces are, therefore, the higher the melting point

Question 23

What are the properties of diamond?

Answer 23

• Each carbon covalently bonded to 4 other carbons therefore no free delocalised electrons
• lots of strong bonds
• melting point of 4000℃
• doesn’t conduct electricity because no spare delocalised electrons
• hard & sparkly

Question 24

What are the properties of graphite?

Answer 24

• Each carbon covalently bonded to 3 other carbons therefore one (delocalised) electron left
• delocalised electrons hold layers together so not bonded
• melting point of 3600℃
• conducts electricity because of free delocalised electrons
• brittle and breaks easily
• slippery & layers can slide

Question 25

What is graphine?

Answer 25

one layer of graphtie

Question 26

Explain why graphite is soft?

Answer 26

Layers are not bonded so can slide over eachother

Question 27

What is an ion?

Answer 27

An atom that has lost or gained electrons

Question 28

Which kinds of elements form ionic bonds?

Answer 28

metals and non-metals

Question 29

Which kinds of elements form ionic bonds?

Answer 29

non-metals and metals

Question 30

Explain why graphite is soft

Answer 30

Layers have no covalent bonds so can slide over each other as they are held together by weak intermolecular forces

Question 31

Why are metals good conductors?

Answer 31

Because delocalised electrons are free to move through the whole structure

Question 32

What is an alloy?

Answer 32

An alloy is a mixture of two or more elements, at least one of which is a metal

Question 33

What is a nanoparticle?

Answer 33

Nanoparticles are structures, 1-100 nanometres (nm) in size, that usually contain only a few hundred atoms

Question 34

What do silver nanoparticles do?

Answer 34

Silver nanoparticles continuously release a low level of sliver ions to protect against a bacteria.

Question 35

Where are silver nanoparticles most commonly used?

Answer 35

To clean operating theatres in hospitals, textiles, keyboards and wound dressings

Question 36

What are the negatives for nanoparticles?

Answer 36

When used in sum creams we don’t know if they can infiltrate our body’s and possibly damaged body cells or that if they are washed into the ocean that they are damaging the environment

Question 37

What is a common use for a fullerene sphere?

Answer 37

To deliver drugs to specific areas around the body

Question 38

What was the first fullerene?

Answer 38

Buckminsterfullerene

Question 39

What shape and what formula did the first fullerene have?

Answer 39

(Buckminsterfullerene) A spherical fullerene shape and has a formula of C60