C9 Crude Oil

Question 1

What is crude oil?

Answer 1

• A mixture of different compounds
• A finite resource found in rocks from dead organic material

Question 2

What does crude oil contain?

Answer 2

A mixture of hydrocarbons

Question 3

What is crude oil separated into and what is this based on?

Answer 3

It is separated into fractions based on boiling point

Question 4

What is an alkane?

Answer 4

A saturated hydrocarbon that contains as many H atoms as possible

Question 5

What is the general formula for alkanes?

Answer 5

C_{nH(2n + 2)}

Question 6

What are the properties of short hydrocarbons?

Answer 6

• Low boiling point
• High volatility (turn to gas)
• Low viscosity
• Highly flammable

Question 7

What are the properties of longer hydrocarbon chains?

Answer 7

• Higher boiling point
• Lower volatility (turn to gas)
• High viscosity
• Lower flammability (with a smoky flame)

Question 8

How is crude oil separated?

Answer 8

fractional distillation

Question 9

how is crude oil formed?

Answer 9

over millions of years from tiny plankton that were buried in mud

Question 10

what is a hydrocarbon?

Answer 10

a molecule made up of only hydrogen and carbon

Question 11

what are the first 4 alkanes?

Answer 11

methane
ethane
propane
butane

Question 12

what is viscosity?

Answer 12

it tells the thickness of a liquid

Question 13

what does flammability mean?

Answer 13

how easily the hydrocarbon combusts

Question 14

what happens when hydrocarbon fuels are combusted?

Answer 14

they release energy

Question 15

what happens when a hydrocarbon burns with plenty of oxygen?

Answer 15

the reaction will produce carbon dioxide and water

Question 16

what do crude oil fractions contain?

Answer 16

hydrocarbon molecules with a similar number of carbon atoms

Question 17

what are the stages of fractional distillation?

Answer 17

• crude oil is heated to a very high temperature and fed into the fractionating column which is hot at the bottom and cool at the top
• hydrocarbons rise up the column and condense when they reach their boiling point
• the liquid fractions are then removed

Question 18

what happens to very long chain hydrocarbons in fractional distillation?

Answer 18

they are removed from the bottom of the column

Question 19

what happens to very short chain hydrocarbons in fractional distillation?

Answer 19

they do not condense and are removed from the column as gases

Question 20

what is petrol and diesel used for?

Answer 20

fueling cars

Question 21

what is kerosene used for?

Answer 21

airoplane fuel

Question 22

what is heavy fuel oil used for?

Answer 22

ship fuel

Question 23

what is liquid petroleum gas used for?

Answer 23

camping stoves

Question 24

what is a feedstock?

Answer 24

a chemical used to make other chemicals

Question 25

what is produced from feedstock fractions of crude oil?

Answer 25

solvents
lubricants
polymers
detergents

Question 26

what happens in cracking?

Answer 26

a long chain hydrocarbon is broken down into smaller and more useful molecules

Question 27

what is catalytic cracking?

Answer 27

where high temperatures and a catalyst are used to crack the hydrocarbon

Question 28

what is steam cracking?

Answer 28

when high temperature and steam is used to crack hydrocarbons

Question 29

what do alkenes have?

Answer 29

a double covalent bond between two carbon atoms

Question 30

what can alkenes be used for?

Answer 30

to make polymers
as a starting material for other chemicals

Question 31

how reactive are alkenes?

Answer 31

more reactive than alkanes

Question 32

what is the test for alkenes?

Answer 32

if an alkene is shaken with bromine water, the bromine water turns from orange to colourless