C2 The periodic Table

Question 1

What are metals?

Answer 1

Elements which form positive ions when they react

Question 2

Why do atoms react?

Answer 2

To form a full outer shell
This can be done by losing, gaining or sharing electrons

Question 3

Why do metals react to form positive ions?

Answer 3

they lose electrons
They don’t have many electrons to remove
Electrons are far away from the nucleus so don’t require much energy to be removed

Question 4

What are the properties of metals?

Answer 4

Strong
Malleable
Good conductors of heat and electricity
High boiling and melting points

Question 5

What are the properties of nonmetals?

Answer 5

Dull looking
Brittle
Aren’t always solid at room temperature
Don‘t generally conduct electricity
Lower density

Question 6

What do alkali metals react with water to produce?

Answer 6

A metal hydroxide
Hydrogen

Question 7

What is a trend for alkali metals reacting with water?

Answer 7

The more reactive lower down the group
The amount of energy given out increases down the group

Question 8

What do alkali metals react with chlorine to produce?

Answer 8

White metal salts

Question 9

What is the trend for reactions of alkali metals with chlorine?

Answer 9

Reaction get some more vigourous down the group

Question 10

What do reactions with alkali metals and oxygen produce?

Answer 10

Metal oxides

Question 11

How do the properties of alkali metals differ to transition metals?

Answer 11

They are more reactive
Less dense, strong and hard
Low melting points

Question 12

What are the properties of transition metals?

Answer 12

Typical of a metal
Good conductors, very dense, strong, shiny

Question 13

What special properties are there of transition metals?

Answer 13

They can have more than one ion
They form coloured compounds
Often make good catalysts

Question 14

How do halogens exist?

Answer 14

As diatomic molecules that are covalently bonded

Question 15

What are the trends of group 7 elements?

Answer 15

Less reactive
Higher melting and boiling points
Higher relative atomic masses

Question 16

Why do displacement reactions occur with halogens?

Answer 16

A more reactive halogen will replace the less reactive halogen in a salt
This is because a less reactive halogen gains an electron less easily. there is a greater distance from the nucleus to the electron and shielding from the internal energy levels.

Question 17

What is a minus one ion of a halogen called?

Answer 17

Halide

Question 18

What makes noble gases inert?

Answer 18

They all have full outer shells so are energetically stable

Question 19

What are all group 0 elements at room temperature?

Answer 19

Colourless gases

Question 20

How do all group 0 elements exist (what type of molecule)?

Answer 20

Monatomic gases

Question 21

Will noble gases set on fire?

Answer 21

No as they are inert

Question 22

What is the trend for boiling points of the noble gases?

Answer 22

They increase as you go down the group

Question 23

Why do the boiling point of noble gases increase down the group?

Answer 23

There is an increase in the number of electrons in the atom which means there is greater intermolecular forces

Question 24

what value tells you which group an element is in?

Answer 24

the number of electrons on the outer shell

Question 25

how many electrons do elements in group 0 have on their outer shell?

Answer 25

a full outer shell (8 or 2)

Question 26

why do elements in the same group react in a similar way?

Answer 26

they each have the same number of electrons on the outer energy level

Question 27

what are Dobereiner’s Triads?

Answer 27

elements with similar chemical properties often occur in threes

Question 28

what are Newlands’ octaves?

Answer 28

if the elements were placed in order of atomic weight, every eighth element had similar chemical properties

Question 29

what did Mendeleev do with his periodic table that no one had done before?

Answer 29

switch specific elements so they fitted with the properties of other elements
leave gaps where elements had not been discovered

Question 30

what are some differences between Mendeleev’s periodic table and the modern one?

Answer 30

Today, the periodic table is ordered by atomic number rather than atomic weight and group 0 is present.

Question 31

what is the trend for reactions of the alkali metals?

Answer 31

they react more rapidly as you go down the group as the outer electron is more easily lost.
this is because the electron is less attracted to the positive nucleus as there is a greater distance between the two.
the outer electron is also shielded by the internal energy levels

Question 32

what do halogens form when they react with non-metals?

Answer 32

covalently bonded compounds

Question 33

what do halogens form when they react with metals?

Answer 33

ionic compounds