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GCSE AQA Chemistry 9-1 > C1 Atomic Structure > Flashcards

C1 Atomic Structure Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an atom?

A

The smallest part of an element that can still be recognised

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2
Q

What is an element?

A

A substance which contains only one type of atom

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3
Q

What is a compound?

A

A substance which contains more than one type of atom

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4
Q

 what is the structure of an atom?

A

An atom has a tiny nucleus at its centre, surrounded by electrons

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5
Q

What is periodic table?

A

An arrangement of elements in order of their atomic number, forming groups and periods

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6
Q

What is the law of conservation of mass?

A

No new atoms are ever created or destroyed in a chemical reaction

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7
Q

What is a reactant in a reaction?

A

A substance we start with before a chemical reaction takes place

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8
Q

What is a product in a reaction?

A

A substance made as a result of a chemical reaction

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9
Q

What is a balanced symbol equation?

A

A symbol equation in which there are equal numbers of each type of atom on either side of the equation

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10
Q

What are state symbols?

A

The abbreviations used in balance symbol equation to show if the reactants and products are solid, liquid, gas or dissolved in water

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11
Q

What is an aqueous solution?

A

The mixture made by adding a soluble substance to water

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12
Q

What is a mixture?

A

A mixture is made up of two or more substances that are not chemically combined together

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13
Q

What is filtration?

A

The technique used to separate substances that are insoluble in a particular solvent from those that are soluble

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14
Q

What is crystallisation?

A

When a solvent is evaporated away from the solute

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15
Q

What is simple distillation?

A

Separation of a liquid from a mixture by evaporation followed by condensation

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16
Q

What is fractional distillation?

A

A way to separate liquids from mixture of liquids by boiling of the substances at different temperatures, then condensing collecting the liquids

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17
Q

What is paper chromatography?

A

The process whereby small amounts of dissolved substances are separated by running a solvent along a material such as an absorbent paper
This is based on their different solubilities.

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18
Q

What did the ancient Greeks and John dalton think about the structure of the atom?

A

They were tiny hard spheres and each chemical element has its own atom

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19
Q

what can speed up crystallisation?

A

Gently heating the solution

20
Q

what factor affect fractional distillation?

A

how close the boiling points of the liquids are.

21
Q

why are all separation techniques physical processes?

A

they do not involve chemical reactions and no new substances are made

22
Q

what is the paper called in paper chromatography?

A

the stationary phase as it does not move

23
Q

what is the solvent called in paper chromatography?

A

the mobile phase as it moves along the paper.

24
Q

why does paper chromatography work?

A

Each chemical in the mixture is attracted to the stationary phase to a different extent

25
Q

what do pure chemicals produce in all solvents in paper chromatography

A

a single spot

26
Q

what does a mixture produce in paper chromatography?

A

different spots depending on the solvent

27
Q

Why is the starting line drawn in pencil in paper chromatography?

A

If the line was drawn in pen, the ink would move up the paper with the solvent.

28
Q

what is the structure of the plum pudding model?

A

a sphere of positive charge with negative electrons embedded in it.

29
Q

why did scientists use gold foil in the alpha scattering experiment?

A

it can be hammered out very thin to just a few atoms thick.

30
Q

what can you tell about the structure of the atom if most of the alpha particles passed through the gold foil?

A

that atoms are mostly empty space

31
Q

if some alpha particles were deflected, what does this show about the structure of the atom?

A

there is a dense area of positive charge. Alpha particles which came close to this area were repelled and changed direction.

32
Q

if some alpha particles bounced straight back, what does this show about the atom?

A

the centre of the atom contains a great deal of mass

33
Q

what did Niels Bohr discover?

A

That electrons orbit the nucleus at specific distances called energy levels.

34
Q

what causes the positive charge in the nucleus of an atom?

A

positively charged protons

35
Q

what did James Chadwick discover?

A

neutral particles called neutrons in the nulceus

36
Q

why do atoms have no overall charge?

A

there is an equal number of electrons and protons.

37
Q

what is the radius of an atom?

A

0.1 nm or 1 x 10^-10 m

38
Q

what is the radius of the nucleus of an atom?

A

1 x 10^-14 m

39
Q

what is the atomic number?

A

the number of protons in an atom

40
Q

what is the mass number?

A

the total number of protons and neutrons

41
Q

what is are isotopes?

A

atoms of an element with different numbers of neutrons

42
Q

what is are ions?

A

atoms with an overall charge. this is because they have gained or lost electrons

43
Q

what is the relative atomic mass?

A

the average of the mass numbers of the different isotopes

it is weighted for the abundance of each isotope

44
Q

what is the formula for relative atomic mass?

A

relative atomic mass = (mass isotope 1 x % abundance) + (mass isotope 2 x % abundance) / 100

45
Q

how do electrons exist?

A

in electron energy levels or shells

46
Q

what are the maximum number of electrons each energy level can hold?

A

first - 2 electrons
second and third - 8 electrons
fourth - 18

GCSE AQA Chemistry 9-1 (16 decks)

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