C6 SOURCE N CHAIN OF INFECTION

Question 1

agent causing infection

Answer 1

• biological agent
  
  • living organism that invade the host
• chemical agent
  
  • subs. that can interact with the body
• physical agent
  
  • factor in the environment that are capable of causing disease

Question 2

systemic mycosis due to primary or opportunistic pathogens

Answer 2

• primary pathogen
  
  • causes disease because of its presence in a healthy human
• opportunistic pathogen
  
  • causes disease in a host with a weakened immune system

Question 3

source of infection

Answer 3

1. endogenous
   - resident
   - transient flora
2. exogenous
   - human
   - animal
   - water
   - food
   - environment ( soil n air)

Question 4

1. endogenous

Answer 4

• from own body ~ own normal flora

Question 5

resident

Answer 5

• always present in the body
• benefit if they remain in the site which they associated
  
  • prevent overgrowth of harmful microorganism by competing for attachment n nutrient
    *some synthesized vitamin
    *some produce subs. that inhibit pathogenic species

Question 6

transient flora

Answer 6

• survive on skin less than 24 hours
• easily removed with soap n water

Question 7

exogenous

Answer 7

caused by organism not normally present in the body but gained entrance from environment

Question 8

human

Answer 8

• from sexually transmitted organism
• exposure to blood n other body fluid

Question 9

animal/vector

Answer 9

• zika ~ mosquito bites
• rabies ~ dog bite
• anthrax
• bird flu

Question 10

chain of infection
(infection process)

Answer 10

1. infectious agent
2. reservoir
3. portal of exit
4. mode of transmission
5. portal of entry
6. susceptible host

Question 11

1. infectious agent

Answer 11

microorganism that can cause infection or disease

Question 12

2. reservoir

Answer 12

place where organism can live n reproduce

Question 13

3. portal of exit

Answer 13

route by which the infectious agent leaves one host n travel to another

Question 14

common route for portal of exit

Answer 14

• skin n mucosa
• GI tract through
  
  • mouth
  • anus
• genitourinary tract
• respiratory tract
• blood
• reproductive tract

Question 15

4. mode of transmission

Answer 15

• way for the microorganism is transported to a new host
• contact transmission whether direct or indirect
• airborne transmission
• generate through droplets in sneezing, coughing n talking
• vehicle-borne transmission
• if any subs. act as transporter to introduce the infectious agent to the host
  *vector-borne transmission
• living organism that can transmit the agent

Question 16

5. portal of entry

Answer 16

pathway into the host
**sma mcm portal of entry

Question 17

6. susceptible host

Answer 17

any person who is at risk for infection

Question 18

breaking the chain

Answer 18

• the infectious agent
  
  • clean n disinfect used equipment and surfaces
  • thorough hand hygiene
• reservoir
  
  • good employee health ~vaccination for the employee
• portal of exit
  
  • use of standard precaution such as gown, mask, gloves
  • proper disposal of contaminated waste