C3 CLASSIFICATION OF MICROORGANISM

Question 1

pathogen

Answer 1

capable of causing disease

Question 2

nonpathogen

Answer 2

no harmful effect

Question 3

normal flora

Answer 3

colonies of nonpathogens

Question 4

2 types of cells

Answer 4

• eukaryotes
• prokaryotes

Question 5

prokaryotes

Answer 5

• lacks nucleus
• bacteria, virus
• unicellular

Question 6

eukaryotes

Answer 6

• has nucleus
• multicellular

Question 7

diagram of bacterial cell
INGAT !! (page 8)

Answer 7

• capsule layer 1
• cell wall layer 2
• cell membrane layer 3
• ribosome bintik ii
• chromosomal DNA mcm benang
• flagellum mcm ekor
• pilus mcm duri

Question 8

bacteria

Answer 8

• cell wall consist of peptidoglycan
• gram + = thick peptidoglycan layer IN CELL WALL
• gram - = thin peptidoglycan layer and an OUTER MEMBRANE
• func = provides shape and support
  = give rigidity

Question 9

cell membrane

Answer 9

• made up of PROTEIN, CARBOHYDRATE, LIPID
• control movement of nutrient and waste

Question 10

cytoplasm (can be asked)

Answer 10

• cellular growth, metabolism and replication
• sustain the life

Question 11

ribosome

Answer 11

protein synthesis

Question 12

plasmid

Answer 12

to exchange dna between bacterial cells

Question 13

flagella

Answer 13

• organ of locomotion/mortility
• chemotaxis = movement in response to chemical
  
  • • chemotaxis - movement towards nutrient
  • • chemotaxis - away from harmful chemical

Question 14

capsule

Answer 14

• protect cell from phagocytosis

Question 15

bacterial shape

Answer 15

• spirilla - mcm spring
• bacilli - mcm pil tablet (rod-shaped)
• cocci - bulat ii

Question 16

identification of bacteria

Answer 16

• staining
  
  • gram + = retain the stain ( purple)
  • gram - = loosing the stain ( pink/red)
    # - lg bahaya dr +
• culture

Question 17

recap about bacteria

Answer 17

• bacteria are classified based on their shapes, need for oxygen and gram-staining properties.
• aerobic = need O2 to grow
• anaerobic = doesn’t need O2
  
  • staphylococci - grape-like clusters
  • streptococcus - appears in chain
  • diplococci - appears in pairs

Question 18

virus

Answer 18

• replicates/reproduce only inside the living cells of other organism
• called obligate intracellular parasite because CAN ONLY GROW AND LIVE INSIDE ANOTHER LIVING CELLS

Question 19

structure

Answer 19

• envelope = inner core of nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat
• naked viruses = lack an envelope
• virion = infectious virus particle

Question 20

life cycle

Answer 20

1. attachment
2. penetration ( inject it’s dna )
3. replication
4. assembly ( into mature virus)
5. release ( lysis and release )

Question 21

fungi

Answer 21

• eukaryotic organism
• no chlorophyll
• spores = fungi reproduce
• direct source of food
  
  • mushroom and truffle
• fermentation food product
  
  • wine, beer, soy sauce
• antibiotics
• produce mycotoxins = toxic

Question 22

mycosis

Answer 22

fungal infection in human

Question 23

how fungal infection occurs

Answer 23

when the balance of normal flora is altered by antibiotic therapy

Question 24

blue-green algae

Answer 24

can cause disease