C5-Chemical Changes Flashcards
Metal + acid
Salt + hydrogen
Metal oxide +acid
Salt +water
Metal hyroxide + acid
Salt +water
Metal carbonate+ acid
Salt+ water +carbon dioxide
When an acid reacts with a base, what occurs?
A neutralisation
What is a salt and hownis it formed?
A compound, when the hydrogen ions in an acid is wholly or partially replaced by metal ammonium ions
What is a base?
A metal oxide or hydroxide that can neutralise an acid to make a salt plus water
What are alkalines
Bases which are soluble in water(can be dissolved)
How do you know of something is an alkaki(opposite of an acid- a high pH)
if it ends in oxide or hydroxide
A base that is soluble in water
Do alkalines disolve in water
Yes
What are acids?
Substances that react with water to release H+ ions
How do you know the pH level of a substance?
The more H+ ions the more acidic the substance is
The more h+, the lower on the pH scale
How do we know if something is an acid
It will have H+ ions
How do we know if something is an alkaline?
It will have H- ions
Metal + water
Metal hydroxide + hydrogen
In terms of electrons, what is oxidation?
Loss of electrons
Im terms of electrons what is reduction?
Gain of electrons
What is used to extract metals from their oxides and why?
Carbon because it is more reactive than most metals
How are metals that are more reactive than carbon extracted?
Through electrolysis
What is a salt?
A compound formed when the hydrogen in an acid is replaced with a metal
What does hydrochloric acid produce when reacted with a metal
Salts that end in Chloride+ hydrogen
When sulfuric acid reacts with a metal what does it produce?
Salts that end in sulfate + hydrogen
Hydrochloric acid + magnesium?
Magnesium chloride + hydrogen
Sulfuric acid + magnesium
Magnesium sulfate +hydrogen
Why does Magnesium displace hydrogen from the acids?
Because it is more reactive than hydrogen
What metals will displace hydrogen in acids to form metals chlorides/sulfates + hydrogen
Every metal I will get asked apart from Copper, silver, Gold and Platinium
Acid + alkali
Salt + water
What are indicators?
Substances which change colour when you add them to acids or alkalis
What does the pH scale show?
How acidic a substance is
What are substances that form H+ ions when added to water?
Acids
What are substances that form OH- ions when added to water?
Alkalis
How is the strength of an acid measured?
How fast CO2 is given off in reaction
Strong acids _________ in a solution
Completely ionise
What does ionise mean
Converted into ions
What are the names of the three strong acids I need to know?
Hydrochloric acid
Nitric acid
Sulfuric acid
What do weak acids do in aqeous solutions?
Partially ionise
What three weak acids do i need to know?
Carbonic acid
Ethanolic acid
Citric acid
What does the pH scale give us an idea off?
Concentration of hydrogen ions (H+)
As the pH scale decreases by one unit………………
The concentration of hydrogen ions increase by ten times
What does the concentration of a given acid tell us?
The amount of acid molecules in a given volume
