C5 Flashcards
ethics
(moral philosophy) study of morality, one of the 3 major areas of philosophy
epistemology
study of knowledge
metaphysics
study of nature of reality
moral philosophy
aka ethics
professional ethics
focuses on the actions that are right and wrong in the the workplace are are of public matter; tell practiioners what they ought to do/what not to do
research ethics
coomprises principles and standards that, along w/ undelrying values, guide appropriate conduct relevant to research decisions
deontology (formalism or nonconsequentialism)
certain actions are inherently right or wrong w/o regard for their consequences
involve making decisions based on a moral code or rules
the end does not justify the means
teleology (consequentialaism)
evaluate the moral status of an act by the goodness of the consequences
the end does justify the means
neither d nor t can answer all moral questions
3 major areas of philosophy
ethics, epistemology, metaphysics
Importance of acting ethically
provides a standard by which to live, brings meaning or purpose, and provides for a better society for all; right thing to do for society and self ; help guide our decision making and assist us in making better choices
personal: more advanced and has more fully developed personality and leads healhtier and more emotionally satsifying lives
professional: more effective programs; cements standig in community, allows them to occupy moral high ground
Thiroux’s five principles that create common ground for all ethical theories
help provide a foundation for making ethical decisions
1) Value of life: most basic; w/o living human beings there can be no ethics “human beings should revere life and accept death”
2) principle of goodness (rightness): includes 2 parallel principles of ethics: 1) the principle of nonmaleficence (non-infliction of harm to others) and ( 2) the principle of beneficence or benolvence (principle of ding good, deonstrating kindess, showing compassion and helping others)
3) principle of justice(fairness): treating others fairly/justly in distributing goodness (benefits) and badness (burdens)
- -procedural justice deals w/ whether or not fair procedures were in place and if they were followed
- -distributive justice deals w/ allocation of resources
4) truth telling (honesty)
5) individual freedom (equality principle or princlpe of autonomy) : ppl must have the freedom to choose thier own ways and means of being moral w/in the framework of the other four basic principles; respect others for who they are and their choices
moral sensitivity
being aware that an ethical problem exists and having an understanding of what impact different courses of action may have on the people involved
Process for making ethical decisions
1) define problem, identify ethical issue(s), and seek answers to relevant questions
2) identify who will be affected by the decisions
3) contemplate ultimate goals and ideals of a moral person
4) identify alterantives (viable courses of action)
5) consider the probably consequences of each alternative
6) consider the nature of the alternatives
7) reflect on yourself
8) reflect on your society and environment
9) apply the categorical imperative
10) chose, act on your choice, and monitor and evaluate the results
ethical dilemma
situation that forces a decision that invovles breaking some ethical norm or contradicting some ethical value
Context of ethical decision making
when making ethical decisions, ppl must have a sense of the following:
1) place: be aware of the appropriateness of an action in a particular environment; one action may be appropriate in one setting but not in another
2) time: be aware of history leading up to the decsion and learn from past decisions
3) identity: how does this moral decision relate to me?
4) social relationships: be aware that making moral decisions will impact social relationships; not everyone will agree with your decision/action
5) ideal: when making a moral decision, aim for the most noble ideals of humanity
6) the concrete: never lose sight of the fact that choices arise from concrete events
7) seriousness: make decisions w/ an attitude that is appropriate to the sitiuation
Ethical issues currently facing the profession of health education/promotion
1) obiligations and avaiblity of services: equality of opportunity for making professional services avaibale to all citizens
2) obligations btwn professionals and clients: professional is honest, loyal, and discrete; client keeps commitments and is trutful and does nto request unethical acts from teh professional
3) obligations to 3rd parties: issue of whetehr or not to share client info w/ family members of client
4) obligations btwn professionals and employers: obligation to obey employers is strong than an obligation to clients; acting only as authorized
5) obligations to the profession: conducting research, reforming profession and maintaintng respoect fo rprofession
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confidentiality
exists when only those responible for conducting a program can link info about a participat w/ the individ and not reveal info to others
consent
programs participants giving program staff consent to share their record/info; to submit to paritcular medical or other sercives, treament, research or program condiitons; and community members consenting to the location or operation of an intervention in their neighborhood
disclosure
diclosure to participants of the condiitons of the program theyre in; disclosure of partciipant info to other individ, agencies; disclosure by the program and affectied individ of any conflict of interest that the program rep to any staff/board memebrs
competence
those actually doing work and the org as a whole are competent to accomplish their goals under reasonable circumstances
conflict of interest
someone’s personal interests could influcne thier judgement/actions; may change how a program is run/money is spent in community interventions
grossly unethical behavior
behavior far beyond hte bounds of hte normally accpeted ethical standards of society; may stem from takind advantage of a confilct of interest situation or may be a case of dishonesty or lack of mora scruples
anonymity
when no one inlcuding thsoe conducting the program can relate a participant’s identity to any info
privacy
claim of individ, group, or institutions to determine for themselves when, how, and to what extent info about them is communicated to othersr
confidentiality
expectation that communications and info from participatns iwll be kept confidential
general ethical responsibilities
actively striving to do what is right for particpants and community, and treating everyon in an ethical way
code of ethics
document that maps the dimensions of the profession’s collective social responsibility and acknowledges the obligations individ practitioners share in meeting the profession’s responsiblityies
serve to constrain and set limits by identifying behaviors that should be avoided and they guide by idenitifing obligations and desirable qualities
can inspire and set forhte the board goals that the adheresnt are supposed to promote and provide the conumser of health ed/promo services w/ an understanding of what they should expect from teh proivder
The study of knowledge is known as
Epistemology
Which of the following is NOT a basic principle for common moral ground?
Professional ethics
Professionals who act unethically usually do so for personal financial gain and reputation or for the benefit of clients and employers without considering the effects on others
T
This term is described as “the claim of individuals, groups, or institutions to determine for themselves when, how, and to what extent information about them is communicated to others.”
Privacy
Most codes of ethics have each type of statement EXCEPT
A. “Don’t” statements
B. Conflicts of interest
C. Obligations and responsibilities
D. Personal qualities and values
E. Aspirations
B
Confidentiality exists only when those responsible for conducting a program can link information about a participant with the individual and do not reveal such information to others.
A
Which of the following is one of the three major areas of philosophy?
A. Truth
B. Epistemology
C. Aesthetics
D. Behavior
E. Bioethics
Epistemology
All of the following are part of Thiroux’s basic principles except
A. Value of life
B. Goodness (rightness)
C. Justice
D. Truth telling (Honesty)
E. Individual freedom
F. Respect
F. Respect
Professional moral principles are statements of taste and preference.
F
What is step 10 of the ethical decision-making process?
Choose an alternative, provide a rationale, act, and monitor the results
Which of these are NOT ethical issues that need to be considered with community interventions?
Legality Disclosure Competence Conflict of interest Grossly unethical behavior
Legality
When it comes to informed consent, individuals in the field of health education and promotion do not need to provide it to others in the field because they are already knowledgeable about what is going to take place.
F
the study of morality, is one of the three major areas or philosophy.
Ethics
Research ethics “comprises principles and standards that, along with underlying values, guide appropriate conduct relevant to research decisions.”
T
Thiroux states that there are five basic principles for common moral ground. The third principle is the principle of _____, and deals with people treating other people fairly and justly in distributing goodness and badness.
Justice
Which theory claims that certain actions are inherently right or wrong, or good or bad, without regard for their consequences?”
Deontological
Which of the following is not a factor in the context of decision making?
Personal opinion
Ethics can also be called moral philosophy.
T
A “document that maps the dimensions of the professional’s collective social responsibility and acknowledges the obligations individual practitioners share in meeting the profession’s responsibilities” is known as
The Code of Ethics
Which of the following steps is not an ethical issue that needs to be considered with community interventions?
Competence Consent General Ethical Responsibilities Grossly Unethical Behaviors Preferences
preferences
Ethical questions impact only select components of life.
F
Which of the following is not a step of applying the ethical decision-making process?
A. Identify who will be affected
B. Contemplate the ultimate goals and ideals
C. Identify the alternatives
D. Reflect on the problem
E. Reflect on yourself
D
Which of the following is not ethical issue that needs to be considered with community interventions?
A. Conflict of interest
B. Disclosure
C. Examination
D. Competence
E. Consent
c
Ethical questions impact all aspects of life.
T
Which of the following is NOT a type of statement that is included in a typical code of ethics?
“Don’t” statements
“Do” statements
Obligations and responsibilities
Virtues, personal qualities, and/or values
Aspirations
“Do” statements
A master’s degree is required to sit for the certified health education specialist (CHES) examination.
F
