C4.1 Predicting Chemical Reactions Flashcards
What are Group 1 elements called?
Alkali metals
What happens when you go down Group 1?
- Elements become softer
- Density increases
- Melting point decreases
Why are Group 1 metals stored in oil?
Because they react rapidly with water and oxygen
How does Lithium react with water?
Fizzes steadily and slowly disappears
How does Sodium react with water?
Melts to form a silvery ball, fizzes vigorously, and quickly disappears
How does Potassium react with water?
Immediately ignites, burns with a lilac flame, and very quickly disappears
Why do Group 1 elements have similar chemical properties?
All their atoms have one electron in outer shell, which they lose in reactions to form a complete outer shell
State Group 7 atoms and their colours
- Fluorine is a pale yellow gas
- Chlorine is a green gas
- Bromine is an orange-brown liquid that vaporises easily
- Iodine is a shiny grey-black crystalline solid that sublimes to form a purple vapour
What happens going down Group 7?
- Density increases
- Melting and boiling points increase
- Reactivity decreases
Why do halogens have similar chemical properties?
Because all their atoms contain 7 electrons in their outer shell, and they gain an electron during reactions to form a complete outer shell
What is a halide?
A compound containing a Group 7 element and one other element, usually hydrogen or a metal
Why are the noble gases so unreactive?
They have complete outer shells, meaning they have no tendency to gain or lose electrons in reactions
What happens going down Group 0?
- Attractive forces between atoms get stronger
- The boiling point increases
- Density increases
What are the properties of transition metals?
- Shiny when freshly cut
- Good conductors of electricity
- Strong
- Malleable
Compared to alkali metals, what are transition metals?
- Stronger and harder
- Have higher densities
- Have higher melting points (except for mercury)
- Less reactive
