C2.2 Bonding

Question 1

Properties of Metals:

Answer 1

Shiny
Usually high MP and BP
Soild at rt
malleable
ductile
Good conductors of heat and electricity

Question 2

Properties of Non-Metals

Answer 2

Dull
Usually low MP and BP
1/2 liquid 1/2 gas at rt
Brittle
non-ductile
insulators of heat and electricity

Question 3

What ions do metals form?

Answer 3

Positive ions - lose electrons

Question 4

What ions do Non-metals form?

Answer 4

Negative ions - gain electrons

Question 5

Do metals react with each other?

Answer 5

No

Question 6

Do Non-metals react with each other?

Answer 6

Yes - react to produce compounds which consist of molecules

Question 7

Reaction with oxygen:

Answer 7

Metal Oxides produce alkaline solutions

Non-Metal oxides produce acidic solutions

Question 8

Arrangement of the periodic table

Answer 8

Periods = horizontal rows
Group = vertical columns - elements in a group have similar chemical properties

Question 9

what does the electronic structure show?

Answer 9

How the electrons are arranged
Outermost shell = outer shell / valence shell
Different shells can hold different numbers of electrons

Question 10

what does the last number of the electronic structure show?

Answer 10

The non-IUPAC group - group 0 have full valence shells

Question 11

What does the number of numbers in the Electronic structure show?

Answer 11

Period number

Question 12

What does the sum of the numbers show?

Answer 12

Atomic mass

Question 13

What are ions?

Answer 13

Electrically charged particles formed when an atom or a group of atoms loses or gains electrons

Question 14

How to model the formation of ions in an ionic compound?

Answer 14

Dot and cross diagrams

Question 15

Describe the structure of a giant ionic lattice

Answer 15

Layers of Positive and negative ions held together by strong electrostatic forces of attraction to form a lattice / regular structure

Question 16

How to model Giant Ionic Lattices

Answer 16

Ball and stick Model
Each ball represents an ion
Each stick represents an ionic bond

Question 17

What is a covalent bond?

Answer 17

A shared pair of electrons between two non-metal atoms and are formed when atoms get close enough to share electrons in their outer shells .

Question 18

What are simple molecules?

Answer 18

A molecule that only contains a few atoms

Question 19

What is a molecule?

Answer 19

Non-Metal atoms joined by covalent bonds

Question 20

Describe the particle structure of a molecular substance in solid form

Answer 20

Layers of molecules held together by weak intermolecular forces to form a regular structure

Question 21

Describe the structure of diamond

Answer 21

Layers of carbon atoms held together by strong covalent bonds to form a lattice/regular structure

Question 22

What does a giant covalent structure consist of?

Answer 22

Many NM atoms joined together by covalent bonds and arranged in a repeating pattern called a giant covalent lattice

Question 23

chemical formulae for GCS

Answer 23

empirical formula - simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element

EG Diamond = C

Question 24

What is a polymer

Answer 24

A chain of monomers

Question 25

How to model monomers?

Answer 25

Dot and Cross diagram, Space filling model and Dot and cross

Question 26

what is a monomer?

Answer 26

simple molecules that consist of a few NM atoms joined together by covalent bonds

Question 27

What are metallic Bonds?

Answer 27

Strong electrostatic forces of attraction between delocalised electrons and the closely packed, pos charged metal ions.

Question 28

Describe the structure of a metal

Answer 28

Layers of Positive metal ions held together by metal bonds with delocalised electrons flowing between them, to form a lattice/regular structure

Question 29

What are delocalised electrons?

Answer 29

a ‘sea’ of electrons around the pos charged metal ions. these electrons are free to move throughout the structure of the metal

Question 30

Localised vs Delocalised

Answer 30

Localised = restricted to a particular place
Delocalised = free to move from its usual place

Question 31

What did Mendeleev do?

Answer 31

arranged all the elements known at the time in order of increasing atomic weight

Grouped together the once with similar chemical properties (but swapped tellurium and iodine)

Left spaces for elements he thought were yet to be discovered

Question 32

What did Mendeleevs first periodic table show?

Answer 32

Groups as rows not columns. By 1871 he rotated the table so groups were in columns

Question 33

Why is the modern periodic table ordered in atomic number

Answer 33

1) Mendeleev didnt know about atomic structure
2) he died before proton was discovered
3) 1913 - Henry Mosely discovered the atomic number
- There were 7 gaps in 1913 showing Mendeleev was correct

Question 34

Who discovered argon?

Answer 34

Lord Rayleigh and William Ramsay om 1894 - Nobody had predicted argons existence

Question 35

Who discovered helium?

Answer 35

Ramsay - 1895

Question 36

What was discovered by Ramsay in 1898?

Answer 36

Neon, Krypton, xeon

Question 37

Patterns of chemical properties

Answer 37

1) elements are arranged in order of inc atomic numb
2) atomic number is number of protons in an atom
3) numb of electrons in an atom = Numb of protons
4) Electronic structure determined on Numb of electron
5) electronic structure determines chemical properties