C4. P5-6 Flashcards
Where is the suprachiasmatic nucleus located?
Hypothalamus
What does a Electrooculogram (EOG) do?
Measure eye movement
What are the waves produced when wake and engaged?
Beta waves (15-30/s)
What are the waves produced when awake and relaxed?
Alpha waves (8-10/s)
What waves are produced during NREM1?
Theta waves (4-7/s)
What is hypnagogic Sensory Hallucination?
Realistic hallucinations
What is NREM2?
Light sleep, 45-50% of sleep
What are sleep spindles?
Sleep spindles appear to inhibit internal processing to keep us sleeping
What are K complexes?
K-complexes suppress incoming external information
What are the waves produced in NREM3?
Delta waves (4/s)
Can you dream during NREM3?
Yes
What percentage of sleep is NREM3?
20-25% during first half of sleep
How did Endo test REM deprivation?
Woke up males preventing REM sleep, resulting in them being less alert and in a negative mood
Which sleep phases have been linked to explicit memory formation?
NREM4 and REM
When do people finish the first cycle of NREM3?
60-75 minutes
What is the order for sleep?
NREM1, NREM2, NREM3, NREM2, REM
Does the order for sleep cycle or only happen once?
Cycles
How much do we sleep during the first six months of life?
16 hrs/day
What is REM rebound?
Following a lack of REM sleep, we tend to experience an increase in REM sleep
Define Insomnia and its percentage.
Ongoing problems initiating sleep, maintaining sleep, or chronic feelings of fatigue. 6%
What is the criteria for insomnia?
Symptoms for three times a week for three months
What is a risk factor?
A condition, event, characteristics, or group status, that is known to increase the likelihood of a given outcome
Define narcolepsy.
A neurological disorder in which the brain’s ability to control sleep-wake cycling is compromised resulting in excessive sleepiness during the day, sleep paralysis problems, episodes where one suddenly falls asleep, and, in some cases, sudden episodes of loss of muscle tone during the day
What is cataplexy?
A sudden loss of control over muscle tone in a manner that produces weakness or paralysis
What is sleep Apnea?
A sleep condition in which the individual’s breathing intermittently pauses, becomes shallower, or both, while he or she is sleeping
What is obstructed sleep apnea?
Most common form of sleep apnea, the airway temporarily collapses and blocks airway
What is a Continuous Positive Air Pressure (CPAP) Machine?
CPAP machines deliver a continues stream of air into the airway which creates pressure and keeps the airway open
Which part of the brain inhibits movement during sleep?
The pons
What is the manifest content?
The images, plot and actions of a dream
What is latent content?
The unconscious motives that are expressed through the dream
What is the day’s residue?
Actual events that occurred that day impacting dreams
What is the Activation-Synthesis Model?
Neural network activity increases during deep sleep and REM sleep and tries to make sense of it
What are the information processing theories of dreaming?
A set of theories that suggest that dreams are a side effect of the process of creating or editing memory networks
What is reverse learning?
The parts of the cortex weakening neural connections that are viewed as less important, distracting, or unhelpful
