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Psyc Unit 2 > C3. P4 > Flashcards

C3. P4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the technical term for hearing?

A

Audition

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2
Q

Is auditory a 360 degree experience?

A

Yes

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3
Q

How are sound waves created?

A

Things that vibrate and make sound press the molecules in the air together

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4
Q

What are compressions?

A

Molecules that are tightly pushed together

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5
Q

What are rarefactions?

A

Where molecules are more dispersed and spread out

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6
Q

What are the two key characteristics of sound waves?

A

Amplitude and frequency

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7
Q

What is amplitude?

A

The intensity and height of sound wave

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8
Q

What happens when molecules are tightly packed together?

A

The higher the amplitude and the louder the sound

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9
Q

What is frequency?

A

The number of cycles in a specified time frame

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10
Q

What happens with rarefactions and compressions that make a lower pitch?

A

Sounds with long rarefactions will have fewer compressions move through the ear per second

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11
Q

What happens with rarefactions and compressions that make a higher pitch?

A

When a wave has short rarefactions, more compressions enter the ear per second

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12
Q

What are the three parts of the outer ear?

A

Pinna, ear canal, and eardrum

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13
Q

What is the Pinna?

A

The outer portion of the ear that funnels sound in a downward direction

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14
Q

What is the ear canal?

A

Tunnel inside of the head that amplifies lower sounds, which makes human speech easier

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15
Q

What is the eardrum?

A

Membrane that vibrates in response to waves created by compression and rarefactions in sound waves

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16
Q

What is the middle ear between?

A

Eardrum and cochlea

17
Q

What are the two parts of the middle ear?

A

Ossicle bones and oval window

18
Q

What happens with the hammer bone?

A

It connects to the eardrum at one end and the anvil bone at the other and where vibration enters and starts

19
Q

What happens with the anvil bone?

A

Gets moved by the hammer during vibration

20
Q

What happens with the stirrup?

A

Connects to oval window and anvil bone, so it vibrates with anvil vibration

20
Q

What happens with the stirrup?

A

Connects to oval window and anvil bone, so it vibrates with anvil vibration

21
Q

What is the oval window?

A

A membrane that covers the entrance to the cochlea, amplifying sound by 20x

22
Q

What are the three parts of the inner ear?

A

Cochlea, cilia, and auditory nerve

23
Q

What is the purpose of the cochlea?

A

It is filled with fluid and the basilar membrane in lined on the inside

24
Q

What is the cilia?

A

Small in size and bundle together. They fire a signal when their upper tips are brushed

25
Q

Are there more photoreceptors in the eye or cilia in the ear?

A

Photoreceptors

26
Q

What is the auditory nerve?

A

Sensory neurons bind their axons together into the afferent auditory nerve which carries information to the brain

27
Q

Where is the primary auditory cortex?

A

Temporal lobe

28
Q

What does the auditory cortex do?

A

Process the loudness of sound, the pitch of sound, and estimates the location

29
Q

True or false: sound from different angles reach the ear at the same time.

A

False, it will enter in the ear closest, but only by milliseconds

30
Q

Explain the excitation pattern model.

A

The brain interprets sounds waves that activate cilia. More cilia equals louder sound

31
Q

What is pitch theory?

A

The pitch of a sound is determined by the location of the cilia activated

32
Q

Where are short cilia located and what pitch do they make?

A

Closer to the oval window, high pitch

33
Q

Where are tall cilia located and what pitch do they make?

A

Deep in the cochlea, lower pitch

34
Q

What is selectively responsive?

A

Some cilia bundles respond to some pitches but not others

35
Q

What is a tonotopic map?

A

Distinct areas of the PAC process different tonal frequencies based on where their cilia are located

36
Q

What is frequency theory?

A

The rate at which signals are sent to the brain by the nerves

37
Q

Is association area processing top down or bottom up?

A

Top down

38
Q

Where does the PAC route the auditory information?

A

The association areas

Psyc Unit 2 (14 decks)

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