C4 Consequences of nutritional imbalances AOS2

Question 1

Describe the short-term and long-term consequences of excess sodium intake

Answer 1

Short-term: Increased blood volume

Long-term: Hypertension which can lead to an increased risks of heart failure, stroke, and heart attack

Question 2

Describe the short-term and long-term consequences of excess saturated or trans-fat intake

Answer 2

Short-term: Increased blood cholesterol levels

Long-term: Increased risk of CVD, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and arthritis

Question 3

Describe the short-term and long-term consequences of simple carbohydrate intake

Answer 3

Short-term: Increased risk of insulin resistance

Long-term: Dental caries and teeth loss

Question 4

Describe the short-term and long-term consequences of inadequate fibre intake

Answer 4

Short-term: Constipation, and increased blood glucose and blood cholesterol levels

Long-term: Increased risk of CVD, and colorectal cancer

Question 5

Describe the short-term and long-term consequences of inadequate iron intake

Answer 5

Short-term: Fatigue and weakness, including difficulty concentrating, completing schoolwork, and having the energy needed for daily tasks

Long-term: Anaemia

Question 6

Describe the short-term and long-term consequences of inadequate calcium intake

Answer 6

Short-term: Impacts on peak bone mass, decreased bone density

Long-term: Osteoporosis, dental caries

Question 7

Describe the short-term and long-term consequences of inadequate vitamin D intake

Answer 7

Short-term: Low levels of calcium absorption

Long-term: Osteoporosis

Question 8

Describe the short-term and long-term consequences of inadequate protein intake

Answer 8

Short-term: Slow growth, impacts on muscle tissue, reduced energy, feeling tired and lethargic

Long-term: Anaemia and shrinking of muscle tissue

Question 9

Describe the short-term and long-term consequences of inadequate vitamin C intake

Answer 9

Short-term: Reduced iron absorption

Long-term: Anaemia

Question 10

Describe the short-term and long-term consequences of inadequate vitamin A intake

Answer 10

Short-term: Reduced immunity

Long-term: Increase risk of health issues such as dental caries

Question 11

Describe the short-term and long-term consequences of inadequate B-group vitamin intake

Answer 11

Short-term: Lack of energy to socialise or participate in physical activity; difficulty concentrating on tasks such as schoolwork

Long-term: Slowed growth of muscles and bones