C3 - Organic Chemistry

Question 1

What does the homologous series of alcohols contain?

Answer 1

The -OH functional group.

Question 2

What does the homologous series of carboxylic acids contain?

Answer 2

The -COOH functional group.

Question 3

What does the homologous series of esters contain?

Answer 3

The -COO- functional group.

Question 4

What do all organic compounds contain?

Answer 4

Carbon

Question 5

What is a homologous series?

Answer 5

A family of compounds which all contain the same functional group.

Question 6

What are the first three members of the homologous series of alcohols?

Answer 6

• Methanol
• Ethanol
• Propanol

Question 7

What is the formula of ethanol?

Answer 7

C2H6O

Question 8

What is the structural formula of ethanol?

Answer 8

CH3CH2OH

Question 9

What is ethanoic acid used in?

Answer 9

Vinegar

Question 10

What is the structural formula of ethanoic acid?

Answer 10

CH3COOH

Question 11

What are the first three members of the homologous series of carboxylic acids?

Answer 11

• Methanoic acid
• Ethanoic acid
• Propanoic acid

Question 12

What is the formula for ethyl ethanoate?

Answer 12

CH3COOCH2

Question 13

Give five uses for alcohols.

Answer 13

• Cosmetics (perfume)
• Chemical feedstock
• Fuel
• Solvent
• Alcoholic consumption

Question 14

Give the word equation for the combustion of ethanol.

Answer 14

ethanol + oxygen —-> carbon dioxide + water

Question 15

Give the symbol equation for the combustion of ethanol.

Answer 15

C2H5OH + 3O2 —-> 2CO2 +3H2O

Question 16

Which gas is produced when alcohols are reacted with sodium?

Answer 16

Hydrogen

Question 17

Give the word equation for the reaction between ethanol and sodium.

Answer 17

sodium + ethanol —-> sodium ethoxide + hydrogen

Question 18

How does the reaction between sodium and alcohol compare with the reaction between sodium and water?

Answer 18

The reaction between sodium and alcohol is less vigorous.

Question 19

What is potassium dichromate (VI)?

Answer 19

A chemical oxidising agent.

Question 20

How is ethanol made into ethanoic acid?

Answer 20

• The ethanol is boiled with acidified potassium dichromate.

- Ethanol is left exposed to the air and microbes produce ethanoic acid.

Question 21

What type of reaction occurs when ethanol is made into ethanoic acid?

Answer 21

Oxidation

Question 22

Give two ways in which carboxylic acids can be identified.

Answer 22

• They have a pH of less than 7

- Carbonates will fizz and produce CO2.

Question 23

Why are carboxylic acids weak?

Answer 23

The molecules don’t ionise much.

Question 24

What makes a strong acid?

Answer 24

When the molecules ionise completely in solution.

Question 25

Give the word equation between ethanoic acid and sodium carbonate.

Answer 25

ethanoic acid + sodium carbonate ----> sodium ethanoate + water + carbon dioxide

Question 26

What is used as a catalyst when producing esters from carboxylic acids and alcohols?

Answer 26

Sulfuric acid

Question 27

Give the word equation for producing esters from carboxylic acids and alcohols.

Answer 27

carboxylic acid + alcohol ----> ester + water

Question 28

Give the word equation for producing methyl ethanoate.

Answer 28

ethanoic acid + methanol ----> methyl ethanoate + water

Question 29

Give two main properties of esters.

Answer 29

- They have distinctive smells. | - They are volatile (evaporate easily)

Question 30

What can drinking methylated spirits cause?

Answer 30

- Liver failure | - Blindness

Question 31

How are people prevented from drinking methylated spirits?

Answer 31

- They contain emetics | - They contain foul-tasting chemicals

Question 32

How are plant oils made into biodiesel?

Answer 32

- The oils are broken down into long-chain carboxylic acids. | - They are then reacted with methanol or ethanol to make useful esters.