C3 - Organic Chemistry Flashcards
What does the homologous series of alcohols contain?
The -OH functional group.
What does the homologous series of carboxylic acids contain?
The -COOH functional group.
What does the homologous series of esters contain?
The -COO- functional group.
What do all organic compounds contain?
Carbon
What is a homologous series?
A family of compounds which all contain the same functional group.
What are the first three members of the homologous series of alcohols?
- Methanol
- Ethanol
- Propanol
What is the formula of ethanol?
C2H6O
What is the structural formula of ethanol?
CH3CH2OH
What is ethanoic acid used in?
Vinegar
What is the structural formula of ethanoic acid?
CH3COOH
What are the first three members of the homologous series of carboxylic acids?
- Methanoic acid
- Ethanoic acid
- Propanoic acid
What is the formula for ethyl ethanoate?
CH3COOCH2
Give five uses for alcohols.
- Cosmetics (perfume)
- Chemical feedstock
- Fuel
- Solvent
- Alcoholic consumption
Give the word equation for the combustion of ethanol.
ethanol + oxygen —-> carbon dioxide + water
Give the symbol equation for the combustion of ethanol.
C2H5OH + 3O2 —-> 2CO2 +3H2O
Which gas is produced when alcohols are reacted with sodium?
Hydrogen
Give the word equation for the reaction between ethanol and sodium.
sodium + ethanol —-> sodium ethoxide + hydrogen
How does the reaction between sodium and alcohol compare with the reaction between sodium and water?
The reaction between sodium and alcohol is less vigorous.
What is potassium dichromate (VI)?
A chemical oxidising agent.
How is ethanol made into ethanoic acid?
- The ethanol is boiled with acidified potassium dichromate.
- Ethanol is left exposed to the air and microbes produce ethanoic acid.
What type of reaction occurs when ethanol is made into ethanoic acid?
Oxidation
Give two ways in which carboxylic acids can be identified.
- They have a pH of less than 7
- Carbonates will fizz and produce CO2.
Why are carboxylic acids weak?
The molecules don’t ionise much.
What makes a strong acid?
When the molecules ionise completely in solution.
Give the word equation between ethanoic acid and sodium carbonate.
ethanoic acid + sodium carbonate —-> sodium ethanoate + water + carbon dioxide
What is used as a catalyst when producing esters from carboxylic acids and alcohols?
Sulfuric acid
Give the word equation for producing esters from carboxylic acids and alcohols.
carboxylic acid + alcohol —-> ester + water
Give the word equation for producing methyl ethanoate.
ethanoic acid + methanol —-> methyl ethanoate + water
Give two main properties of esters.
- They have distinctive smells.
- They are volatile (evaporate easily)
What can drinking methylated spirits cause?
- Liver failure
- Blindness
How are people prevented from drinking methylated spirits?
- They contain emetics
- They contain foul-tasting chemicals
How are plant oils made into biodiesel?
- The oils are broken down into long-chain carboxylic acids.
- They are then reacted with methanol or ethanol to make useful esters.
