C1 - Rocks & Building Materials

Question 0

What is limestone commonly used for?

Answer 0

Building.

Question 1

What is limestone?

Answer 1

Limestone is mainly made of calcium carbonate.

Question 2

What happens when limestone is heated?

Answer 2

The calcium carbonate breaks down to form CO2 and calcium oxide. This is thermal decomposition.

Question 3

How is limestone used in building?

Answer 3

Powdered limestone with clay is used to make cement which is mixed with water, sand and crushed rock to make concrete.

Question 4

What is the chemical formula for calcium carbonate?

Answer 4

CaCO3

Question 5

Give the word equation for thermal decomposition of limestone.

Answer 5

calcium carbonate –heat–> calcium oxide + carbon dioxide

Question 6

What is thermal decomposition?

Answer 6

Breaking down a chemical through heating.

Question 7

How is calcium oxide produced industrially?

Answer 7

Using a lime kiln.

Question 8

How does a rotary lime kiln work?

Answer 8

The kiln is filled with crushed limestone and heated using a supply hot air. The kiln is rotated to ensure the limestone is mixed with the hot air.

Question 9

How do carbonates react with acids?

Answer 9

They form a salt, water and CO2.

Question 10

What is the test for CO2 gas?

Answer 10

Limewater turns cloudy due to formation of insoluble calcium carbonate.

Question 11

Give the symbol equation of the reaction of CO2 in limewater.

Answer 11

Ca(OH)2 + CO2 —-> CaCO3 + H2O

Question 12

Give the symbol equation for the reaction of a carbonate with hydrochloric acid.

Answer 12

__CO3 + 2HCl —-> __Cl2 + H2O + CO2

Question 13

Give the word equation of a metal carbonate decomposition.

Answer 13

_____ carbonate —-> _____ oxide + carbon dioxide

Question 14

How is calcium hydroxide produced from calcium oxide?

Answer 14

Water added to calcium oxide produces calcium hydroxide.

Question 15

Why is calcium hydroxide useful substance?

Answer 15

Calcium hydroxide is alkaline so can be used to neutralise acids.

Question 16

What is the limestone reactions cycle?

Answer 16

The reactions of limestone and its products.

Question 17

Give the order of the limestone cycle.

Answer 17

Calcium carbonate, calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide solution.

Question 18

What is given off when calcium carbonate is heated?

Answer 18

Carbon dioxide

Question 19

What is produced when a little water is added to calcium oxide?

Answer 19

Calcium hydroxide

Question 20

What is produced when more water is added to calcium hydroxide and is filtered?

Answer 20

Calcium hydroxide solution

Question 21

What is produced when carbon dioxide is added to calcium hydroxide solution?

Answer 21

Calcium carbonate

Question 22

How is mortar made?

Answer 22

Mortar is made by mixing cement and sand with water

Question 23

How is concrete made?

Answer 23

Concrete is made by mixing aggregate, cement and sand with water.

Question 24

Give a disadvantage of lime mortar.

Answer 24

It will not set at all where water prevents it from reacting with carbon dioxide.

Question 25

How is cement made?

Answer 25

Heating limestone with clay in the kiln produces cement.

Question 26

Give three advantages of concrete

Answer 26

- It is especially good at resisting forces which tend to squash or crush it. - They can be made even stronger by pouring the wet mixture around steel rods or bars which makes reinforced concrete. - This is also good at resisting forces that tend to pull it apart

Question 27

Give one environmental social and economic effect of quarrying limestone.

Answer 27

- Quarrying limestone can damage or destroy animal's habitats. - Blasting at quarry mines can disturb local residents. - Limestone quarries can often bring jobs to the local economy.

Question 28

How is limestone mined?

Answer 28

Explosive charges are used to dislodge limestone from the rock face.

Question 29

Give three possible uses of the crater made by limestone quarries.

Answer 29

- Reservoir. - Leisure activities - Landfill Site

Question 30

What is Travetine?

Answer 30

A form of limestone

Question 31

Give one advantage and disadvantage of using travertine in a bathroom.

Answer 31

- The tiles look very attractive. | - The tiles can easily be scratched or damaged by acidic solutions.

Question 32

Give two disadvantages of using cement

Answer 32

- Cracking occurs along weak points in walls. | - The manufacture of cement contributes 5% of the CO2 gas produced by humans.

Question 33

Give five materials that can be used to strengthen concrete.

Answer 33

- Wire-mesh - Glass fibres - Carbon fibre - Steel rods - Poly propene

Question 34

Give one advantage of using concrete to make a bridge.

Answer 34

Concrete is very cheap.

Question 35

Give an advantage of using steel rods to build a bridge

Answer 35

Steel is much stronger then concrete and suspension bridges can use steel's high tensile strength between concrete towers.