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GCSE Chemistry > C1 - Rocks & Building Materials > Flashcards

C1 - Rocks & Building Materials Flashcards

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0
Q

What is limestone commonly used for?

A

Building.

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1
Q

What is limestone?

A

Limestone is mainly made of calcium carbonate.

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2
Q

What happens when limestone is heated?

A

The calcium carbonate breaks down to form CO2 and calcium oxide. This is thermal decomposition.

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3
Q

How is limestone used in building?

A

Powdered limestone with clay is used to make cement which is mixed with water, sand and crushed rock to make concrete.

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4
Q

What is the chemical formula for calcium carbonate?

A

CaCO3

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5
Q

Give the word equation for thermal decomposition of limestone.

A

calcium carbonate –heat–> calcium oxide + carbon dioxide

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6
Q

What is thermal decomposition?

A

Breaking down a chemical through heating.

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7
Q

How is calcium oxide produced industrially?

A

Using a lime kiln.

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8
Q

How does a rotary lime kiln work?

A

The kiln is filled with crushed limestone and heated using a supply hot air. The kiln is rotated to ensure the limestone is mixed with the hot air.

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9
Q

How do carbonates react with acids?

A

They form a salt, water and CO2.

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10
Q

What is the test for CO2 gas?

A

Limewater turns cloudy due to formation of insoluble calcium carbonate.

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11
Q

Give the symbol equation of the reaction of CO2 in limewater.

A

Ca(OH)2 + CO2 —-> CaCO3 + H2O

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12
Q

Give the symbol equation for the reaction of a carbonate with hydrochloric acid.

A

__CO3 + 2HCl —-> __Cl2 + H2O + CO2

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13
Q

Give the word equation of a metal carbonate decomposition.

A

_____ carbonate —-> _____ oxide + carbon dioxide

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14
Q

How is calcium hydroxide produced from calcium oxide?

A

Water added to calcium oxide produces calcium hydroxide.

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15
Q

Why is calcium hydroxide useful substance?

A

Calcium hydroxide is alkaline so can be used to neutralise acids.

16
Q

What is the limestone reactions cycle?

A

The reactions of limestone and its products.

17
Q

Give the order of the limestone cycle.

A

Calcium carbonate, calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide solution.

18
Q

What is given off when calcium carbonate is heated?

A

Carbon dioxide

19
Q

What is produced when a little water is added to calcium oxide?

A

Calcium hydroxide

20
Q

What is produced when more water is added to calcium hydroxide and is filtered?

A

Calcium hydroxide solution

21
Q

What is produced when carbon dioxide is added to calcium hydroxide solution?

A

Calcium carbonate

22
Q

How is mortar made?

A

Mortar is made by mixing cement and sand with water

23
Q

How is concrete made?

A

Concrete is made by mixing aggregate, cement and sand with water.

24
Q

Give a disadvantage of lime mortar.

A

It will not set at all where water prevents it from reacting with carbon dioxide.

25
Q

How is cement made?

A

Heating limestone with clay in the kiln produces cement.

26
Q

Give three advantages of concrete

A
  • It is especially good at resisting forces which tend to squash or crush it.
  • They can be made even stronger by pouring the wet mixture around steel rods or bars which makes reinforced concrete.
  • This is also good at resisting forces that tend to pull it apart
27
Q

Give one environmental social and economic effect of quarrying limestone.

A
  • Quarrying limestone can damage or destroy animal’s habitats.
  • Blasting at quarry mines can disturb local residents.
  • Limestone quarries can often bring jobs to the local economy.
28
Q

How is limestone mined?

A

Explosive charges are used to dislodge limestone from the rock face.

29
Q

Give three possible uses of the crater made by limestone quarries.

A
  • Reservoir.
  • Leisure activities
  • Landfill Site
30
Q

What is Travetine?

A

A form of limestone

31
Q

Give one advantage and disadvantage of using travertine in a bathroom.

A
  • The tiles look very attractive.

- The tiles can easily be scratched or damaged by acidic solutions.

32
Q

Give two disadvantages of using cement

A
  • Cracking occurs along weak points in walls.

- The manufacture of cement contributes 5% of the CO2 gas produced by humans.

33
Q

Give five materials that can be used to strengthen concrete.

A
  • Wire-mesh
  • Glass fibres
  • Carbon fibre
  • Steel rods
  • Poly propene
34
Q

Give one advantage of using concrete to make a bridge.

A

Concrete is very cheap.

35
Q

Give an advantage of using steel rods to build a bridge

A

Steel is much stronger then concrete and suspension bridges can use steel’s high tensile strength between concrete towers.

GCSE Chemistry (19 decks)

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