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GCSE Chemistry > C1 - Fundamental Ideas > Flashcards

C1 - Fundamental Ideas Flashcards

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0
Q

Name what all substances are made up of

A

Atoms

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1
Q

Name the place where all the existing elements can be found

A

Periodic Table

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2
Q

What does Na represent in the periodic table

A

Sodium

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3
Q

What do “groups” in the periodic table contain?

A

Elements with similar chemical properties.

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4
Q

Why does the periodic table have symbols?

A

So scientists worldwide can understand which element is which.

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5
Q

What is a molecule?

A

More than one atom chemically bonded.

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6
Q

What is a compound?

A

A molecule with more than one type of element chemically bonded.

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7
Q

What can be found at the centre of an atom?

A

The nucleus

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8
Q

What does an atomic nucleus generally contain?

A

Protons and Neutrons

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9
Q

What sub-atomic particle “orbits” the nucleus?

A

Electrons

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10
Q

Protons have what relative charge?

A

+1 (positive)

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11
Q

Neutrons have what relative charge?

A

0 (neutral)

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12
Q

Electrons have what relative charge?

A

-1 (negative)

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13
Q

What relative charge does an atom have? Why?

A

An atom has no charge because an atom has an equal quantity of protons and electrons so the charges cancel out.

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14
Q

What does the atomic number represent?

A

The number of protons in an atom’s nucleus.

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15
Q

What does the mass number represent?

A

The number of protons and neutrons in an atom’s nucleus.

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16
Q

number of neutrons =

A

mass number - atomic number

17
Q

How are elements arranged in the periodic table?

A

In order of their atomic number.

18
Q

How are electrons arranged around the nucleus?

A

In electron shells.

19
Q

Which shell represents the lowest energy level in an atom?

A

The shell nearest to the nucleus.

20
Q

How many electrons can the first energy level hold?

A

2 electrons

21
Q

How many electrons can the second shell hold?

A

8 electrons

22
Q

What is the maximum electronic structure?

A

[2,8,8,2]

23
Q

What is the electronic structure of Na?

A

[2,8,1]

24
Q

How are the elements in each group of the periodic table similar?

A

They have the same of electrons in the outer shell.

25
Q

What are Group 0 elements known as?

A

Noble gases because of their un reactivity.

26
Q

Why are the noble gases chemically stable?

A

Their electron shells are full which means they have no need to react.

27
Q

What charge to metal ions have?

A

Positive

28
Q

What charge to non-metal ions have?

A

Negative

29
Q

What is ionic bonding?

A

The chemical bonding of atoms whereby electrons are transferred.

30
Q

Between which elements does ionic bonding tale place?

A

Metals with non-metals

31
Q

What are ionic bonds?

A

The strong attraction between a positive metal ion and a negative non-metal ion.

32
Q

If Potassium loses one electron to form an ion, what is a Potassium ion’s formula?

A

K^+

33
Q

What is the type of chemical bonding between two non-metals?

A

Covalent bonding

34
Q

How are covalent bonds formed?

A

The outermost shells of the atoms overlap and share electrons. Each pair of shared electrons forms a chemical bond.

35
Q

How many chlorine ions are in magnesium chloride.

A

Two to form MgCl2. The two negative charges of the chlorine ions cancels out the double positive charge of the magnesium ion.

36
Q

Why does a chemical equation need to be balanced?

A

Atoms cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction.

37
Q

What are the products from the decomposition of Calcium Carbonate?

A

Calcium Oxide + Carbon Dioxide

38
Q

How does the mass of the reactants compare with the mass of the products?

A

They have exactly the same mass.

40
Q

What characteristic defines any particular element?

A

The number of protons (atomic number) as this can never change.

41
Q

Since you’ve been using these flashcards for free, please consider making a small donation for the hundreds of hours it took to make them.

A

http://bit.ly/21T6H3W

Thank you and good luck!

GCSE Chemistry (19 decks)

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