C2 - Structure & Bonding

Question 0

How do the elements in group 1 bond with elements in group 7?

Answer 0

The Group 1 element loses an electron to become stable. This electron is given to the Group 7 element which also becomes stable.

Question 1

How do elements form compounds?

Answer 1

Elements react by gaining, losing or sharing electrons.

Question 2

What is covalent bonding?

Answer 2

Sharing electrons to form a compound.

Question 3

What is ionic bonding?

Answer 3

The transfer of electrons to form a compound.

Question 4

What is an ion?

Answer 4

A charged atom

Question 5

What charge does a Group 1 ion have?

Answer 5

Positive

Question 6

What elements react in ionic bonding?

Answer 6

Metal with a non-metal

Question 7

How are ionic compounds held together?

Answer 7

Strong forces of attraction between the oppositely charged ions.

Question 8

Which groups’ elements form ions?

Answer 8

1,2,6,7

Question 9

How are the charged particles arranged as a result of ionic bonding?

Answer 9

Giant structure

Question 10

Why are the ions in a giant structure held so strongly together?

Answer 10

The force exerted by an ion on the other ions is equal in all directions.

Question 11

What is the structure of a giant stucture?

Answer 11

Regular arrangements

Question 12

How are atoms in ionic bonds represented?

Answer 12

Dot and cross diagram

Question 13

What does the formula of an ionic compound show?

Answer 13

The ratio of ions present.

Question 14

What is the overall charge of an ionic compound?

Answer 14

Zero

Question 15

What is the formula for a hydroxide ion?

Answer 15

OH^-

Question 16

What is the formula for a nitrate ion?

Answer 16

NO3^-

Question 17

What is the formula for a carbonate ion?

Answer 17

CO3^2-

Question 18

What is the formula for a sulfate ion?

Answer 18

SO4^2-

Question 19

When are brackets needed in a formula?

Answer 19

When there is more than one type of atom in the ion being multiplied.

Question 20

How are covalent bonds formed?

Answer 20

When atoms share pairs of electrons.

Question 21

What types of substances have covalent bonds?

Answer 21

Simple molecules or giant covalent structures.

Question 22

What types of elements use covalent bonding?

Answer 22

Non-metals.

Question 23

Give two examples of giant covalent structures.

Answer 23

• Diamond

- Silicon dioxide

Question 24

How are atoms in metals arranged?

Answer 24

They are closely packed together and arranged in regular layers.

Question 25

How are atoms in metals held together?

Answer 25

Metallic bonding is positively charged metal ions held together by electrons in the outermost shell of each atom. The delocalised electrons con move throughout the lattice.

Question 26

What purpose do the delocalised electrons play in metallic bonding?

Answer 26

Strong electrostatic attraction between the negatively charged electrons and positively charged ions bond the metal ions.