C1 - Metals & Their Uses

Question 0

What is a metal ore?

Answer 0

A rock containing enough of the metal to make it economically viable to extract the metal.

Question 1

What happens to the ore in order to extract the metal?

Answer 1

The ore is mined and usually needs to be concentrated before the metal is extracted and purified.

Question 2

Give two factors that affect whether a rock is a metal ore.

Answer 2

• How easy it is to extract the ore.

- How much metal the ore contains.

Question 3

What type of metals can be found in their native state?

Answer 3

Unreactive metals such as gold and silver

Question 4

How is it decided which method of extraction to use in particular metal?

Answer 4

Their reactivity.

Question 5

Which metals are extracted using carbon?

Answer 5

Less reactive metals.

Question 6

How is carbon used to extract metals from their ores?

Answer 6

The metal oxide is heated with carbon which removes the oxygen from the metal oxide to form carbon dioxide.

Question 7

Give the word word equation between a low-reactivity metal oxide with carbon.

Answer 7

metal oxide + carbon –> metal + carbon dioxide

Question 8

What is the removal of oxygen from a compound called?

Answer 8

Chemical reduction

Question 9

How are metals more reactive than carbon extracted by their ores?

Answer 9

Electrolysis.

Question 10

How is iron ore reduced?

Answer 10

Iron is extracted using carbon in a blast furnace.

Question 11

Why isn’t iron from a blast furnace useful?

Answer 11

Pure iron is too soft.

Question 12

How is iron changed to be made useful?

Answer 12

Specific quantities of carbon and other elements are added to make alloys of steel with varying properties.

Question 13

What are the main types of steel?

Answer 13

• Low carbon steels which are easily shaped.
• High carbon steels which are very hard.
• Stainless steels which are resistant to corrosion.

Question 14

What other elements do stainless steels contain?

Answer 14

Chromium or nickel

Question 15

Give one key advantage of chromium nickel steels over iron steels.

Answer 15

They do not rust

Question 16

Give two advantages of aluminium and titanium

Answer 16

They are both corrosion resistant.

They are both strong and light.

Question 17

Which method is used to extract aluminium from its ore?

Answer 17

Electrolysis

Question 18

Why are aluminium and titanium resistant to corrosion?

Answer 18

They both have an oxide layer on the outer surface.

Question 19

Give one disadvantage of electrolysis

Answer 19

The process is very expensive because of the energy needed to melt the compound.

Question 20

How is titanium extracted?

Answer 20

The original titanium oxide is converted to a chloride which is distilled to purify then the titanium is displaced by sodium or magnesium.

Question 21

How is copper extracted from copper rich ore?

Answer 21

Through the process of smelting or using sulfuric acid.

Question 22

How is copper extracted from low-grade ores?

Answer 22

Bioleaching using bacteria or plants through phytomining.

Question 23

How is copper purified after extraction?

Answer 23

Electrolysis

Question 24

Give one disadvantage of heating copper sulphide in air.

Answer 24

It produces sulphur dioxide gas which causes acid rain.

Question 25

Give the word equation for the decomposition of chalcocite.

Answer 25

copper sulfide + oxygen –> copper and sulfur dioxide

Question 26

How is acid rain prevented in chimneys?

Answer 26

Through the use of scrubbers which neutralise acidic gas.

Question 27

Give the word equation for the displacement of copper using iron.

Answer 27

iron + copper sulfate –> iron sulfate + copper

Question 28

Describe the process by extracting copper using phytomining.

Answer 28

Plants can absorb copper irons from discarded waste, then the plants are burnt and the metals can be extracted from the ash. Copper ions are then leached from the ash by adding sulphuric acid making a solution of copper sulphate. Displacement is used with iron as well as electrolysis to gain pure copper.

Question 29

What is bioleaching?

Answer 29

Bacteria feed on low-grade metal ores.

Question 30

Why alloys more useful than pure metals?

Answer 30

Alloys are generally harder

Question 31

Give two uses of copper.

Answer 31

Electrical wiring and alloyed with gold to produce hard wearing jewellery.

Question 32

Give three advantages of using copper.

Answer 32

• It can easily be banned. It is hard enough not to be damaged easily.
• It is very unreactive.
• It conducts electricity and energy very well.

Question 33

What is brass made of?

Answer 33

Copper and zinc

Question 34

How many alloys of aluminium are currently available?

Answer 34

Over 300

Question 35

What is usually alloyed with gold when making jewellery?

Answer 35

Copper.

Question 36

Why is it important to recycle metals?

Answer 36

Recycling saves energy and the scarce ores as well as reducing pollution.

Question 37

Give four benefits of using metals in construction.

Answer 37

• Copper is a good electrical conductor but not reactive with water.
• Lead can be bent easily.
• Steel is very strong.
• Aluminium alloys are corrosion resistant.

Question 38

Give three three disadvantages of using metals in construction.

Answer 38

• Iron and steel can rust.
• Extracting metals causes pollution.
• Metals are expensive.

Question 40

Give three examples of steel used in construction.

Answer 40

• Steel girders in skyscrapers.
• Steel cables for suspension bridges.
• Steel rods used to reinforce concrete.

Question 41

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Answer 41

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