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Chemistry > C2.6 > Flashcards

C2.6 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the pH of an acid?

A

Lower than 7

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2
Q

What are ammonium salts used for?

A

~ Artificial fertilisers
~ They’re used for this because ammonium contains nitrogen which is important to make amino acids which make proteins for growth

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3
Q

What does the symbol (aq) stand for?

A

Aqueous

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4
Q

What salt is made when magnesium reacts with hydrochloric acid?

A

Magnesium chloride (+hydrogen)

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5
Q

What are the products of the reaction between an acid and a metal?

A

Salt + hydrogen

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6
Q

What are the products of the reaction between an acid and an alkali?

A

Salt + water

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7
Q

What is the symbol equation for a neutralisation reaction?

A

H+(aq) + OH-(aq) -> H2O(l)

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8
Q

What are soluble bases?

A

Alkalis

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9
Q

What happens when acids and alkalis dissolve in water?

A

They dissociate into their individual ions

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10
Q

What do acids dissociate to produce?

A

H+ ions in solution

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11
Q

What do alkalis dissociate to produce?

A

OH- ions in solution

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12
Q

What do hydrogen ions (H+) do to solutions?

A

Makes them acidic

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13
Q

What do hydroxide ions (OH-) do to solutions?

A

Makes them alkaline

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14
Q

How can soluble salts be made?

A

By acids reacting with metals, insoluble bases and alkalis

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15
Q

What is formed when some metals react with dilute acid?

A

A metal + salt + hydrogen

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16
Q

How can insoluble salts be made?

A

~ By mixing appropriate solutions of ions together

~ Or by reacting two soluble salts in a precipitation reaction

17
Q

What can precipitation be used for?

A

Removing unwanted ions from solution (e.g. Softening hard water)

18
Q

What are calcium ions precipitated out as?

A

Insoluble calcium

19
Q

What happens in a precipitation reaction?

A

A solid substance is formed as a result of two solutions reacting together

20
Q

How do you remove the solid precipitate? (After reacting it with the 2 solutions)

A

~ Filter it
~ Wash with distilled water
~ Dry out the solid

21
Q

What are the uses of precipitation reactions?

A

Treating effluent from factories (removing toxic ions before the effluent is released into the environment)

22
Q

What does aqueous mean?

A

Dissolved in water (in solution)

23
Q

Acid + insoluble base ->

A

Salt + water

24
Q

What is the process of making salt and water by reacting an acid with an insoluble base?

A

~ React them until the reaction stops
~ Filter it
~ Evaporate it down and leave it for a few days to form the crystals

25
Q

What is the process of making salt and water by reacting an acid with an alkali?

A

~ Add acid into alkali with indicator until inductor turns green
~ Repeat experiment without indicator by adding the same amount of acid
~ Evaporate it down and leave it for a few days to form to crystals

26
Q

What salt does hydrochloric acid make?

A

A chloride

27
Q

What salt does sulphuric acid make?

A

A sulphate

28
Q

What salt does nitric acid make?

A

A nitrate

29
Q

What are some examples of bases?

A

~ Metal oxides

~ Metal hydroxides

30
Q

What do you use to measure the pH scale?

A

Universal indicator

31
Q

What is the name of the reaction when an acid reacts with an alkali?

A

Neutralisation reaction

32
Q

What type of reaction is making ammonium salts?

A

Neutralisation reaction

33
Q

Why may not all metals be suitable to react with acids?

A

If they’re too reactive or not reactive enough

34
Q

Salt solutions can be crystallised to produce what?

A

Solid salts

35
Q

What are metal oxides and hydroxides?

A

Bases

36
Q

The salt produced in any reaction between an acid and a base or alkali depends on what?

A

~ The acid used

~ The metal in the base or alkali

37
Q

What is the difference between an alkali and a base?

A

All alkalis are bases, but only soluble bases are alkalis

Chemistry (20 decks)

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