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Chemistry > C2.2 > Flashcards

C2.2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What can’t simple molecules do?

A

Conduct electricity

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2
Q

The ions within a giant ionic lattice are held together by what?

A

Strong electrostatic forces

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3
Q

What are some features of ionic compounds?

A

~ High melting points

~ High boiling points

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4
Q

What is the name of the compound for salt?

A

Sodium chloride

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5
Q

What causes the high melting and boiling points in ionic compounds?

A

~ Strong electrostatic forces of attraction

~ Lots of energy is needed for the ions to break away from the forces of attraction

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6
Q

Why does silicon dioxide have high melting and boiling points?

A

Because of its strong covalent bonds

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7
Q

Why can graphite conduct heat and electricity?

A

~ Each carbon atom only forms 3 bonds with other carbon atoms
~ So each carbon atom has a delocalised electron which can pass on the electricity

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8
Q

How are the atoms in a metal arranged?

A

Neatly in rows

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9
Q

Why can a metal conduct heat and electricity?

A

It has delocalised electrons that are free to move and pass the electricity on

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10
Q

Why are all the atoms in a metal positively charged?

A

Because they’ve lost an electron, which is free to move

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11
Q

How are the positive ions and delocalised electrons held together in a metallic bond?

A

With strong electrostatic forces of attraction

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12
Q

Why are pure metals usually malleable?

A

~ They’re arranged in neat rows and columns

~ Layers can slide over each other

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13
Q

What does malleable mean?

A

Easily hammered or bent into shape

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14
Q

Why might alloys be made?

A

~ To change colour

~ To make metals much harder

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15
Q

What is the alloy nitinol made of?

A

Nickel and titanium

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16
Q

What are the properties of nitinol?

A

~ Shape can be changed when cooled

~ When heated it will go back into its original shape

17
Q

Why is nitinol used as dental braces?

A

~ It can be cooled and wrapped around the teeth
~ The warmth of the mouth will cause the brace to try to get back to its original shape
~ This causes it to put pressure on the teeth and move them to a correct position

18
Q

How is nitinol used to repair broken bones?

A

~ It’s cooled then wrapped around the bones
~ The body warmth will cause the nitinol to try to return to its original shape
~ This causes the nitinol to contract and hold the bones together as they repair

19
Q

Why do metals have electrons that are free to move?

A

Because metals have electrons in the outer shell of the atoms that can move away from the atom, meaning they are delocalised

20
Q

What does increasing the pressure do to polyethene?

A

Makes low density polyethene which has a lower melting point

21
Q

What affects the density of polyethene?

A

The arrangement of the polymer chains, if they are closer together the forces of attraction between them will be stronger

22
Q

What is a property of high density polyethene?

A

It has a high melting point

23
Q

What are the forces of attraction like in low density polyethene?

A

Weaker because the polymers are further apart

24
Q

What are properties of thermosoftening polymers?

A

Easily changed shape

25
Q

What do thermosoftening polymers make?

A

Plastic bags

26
Q

What are properties of thermosetting polymers?

A

Don’t change shape when heated

27
Q

What bonds do thermosetting polymers have in them?

A

Strong covalent bonds which links the separate polymer chains

28
Q

What do thermosetting polymers make?

A

~ Plugs
~ Cooking spatulas
~ Panhandles

29
Q

Why are thermosoftening polymers easy to separate?

A

~ Weak intermolecular forces of attraction
~ Polymers can separate more easily at lower temperatures
~ Less heat energy is needed to separate the polymer chains

30
Q

Why can’t simple molecules conduct electricity?

A

Because the molecules have no overall charge

31
Q

What may nanoparticles lead to the development of?

A

~ New computers
~ New catalysts
~ New cosmetics

32
Q

What does sonorous mean?

A

Metals ring like a bell when hit, not a dull thud

33
Q

What does ductile mean?

A

Metals can be drawn into wires

34
Q

What does lustrous mean?

A

All metals are shiny when polished or cut

35
Q

What is the test for carbon dioxide?

A

Makes a lit splint go out, or makes limewater go cloudy

36
Q

What is a displacement reaction?

A

When a less reactive metal reacts with a more reactive metal solution, so the solution displaces the solid and nothing really happens

Chemistry (20 decks)

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