C1.4

Question 1

Where is crude oil found?

Answer 1

In rock found on land or the ocean

Question 2

How is crude oil collected?

Answer 2

By a pipeline from an oil rig which collects the crude oil, which is then pumped into an oil tanker which takes it away to get processed

Question 3

What are the properties of shorter chained hydrocarbons?

Answer 3

~ Low boiling point
~ Highly flammable
~ Low viscosity

Question 4

What are the properties of longer chained hydrocarbons?

Answer 4

~ High boiling point
~ Not very flammable
~ High viscosity (thick)

Question 5

Where would short chained hydrocarbons condense in a fractional distillation tank?

Answer 5

At the top

Question 6

Where would hydrocarbons with a high boiling point condense in a fractional distillation tank?

Answer 6

At the bottom

Question 7

Where would hydrocarbons with a low viscosity condense in a fractional distillation tank?

Answer 7

At the top

Question 8

Where would hydrocarbons with a low flammability condense in a fractional distillation tank?

Answer 8

At the bottom

Question 9

What elements do hydrocarbons contain?

Answer 9

ONLY hydrogen and carbon

Question 10

Do alkanes have any double bonds?

Answer 10

No

Question 11

Are alkanes saturated?

Answer 11

Yes

Question 12

What is the formula for alkanes?

Answer 12

CnH2n+2

Question 13

What are the first 4 alkanes?

Answer 13

Methane C1H4
Ethane C2H6
Propane C3H8
Butane C4H10

Question 14

Why do hydrocarbons need to be burned?

Answer 14

~ Fuel for transport

~ To provide electricity

Question 15

Why do some hydrocarbons release nitrogen oxides when they’re burnt?

Answer 15

Because there is nitrogen in the air which reacts with oxygen in the air at high temperatures

Question 16

What do hydrocarbons containing sulphur produce when burnt?

Answer 16

Sulphur dioxide

Question 17

What do most fuels contain?

Answer 17

Carbon and/or hydrogen, may contain sulphur

Question 18

What do nitrogen oxide and sulphur dioxide contribute to?

Answer 18

Acid rain

Question 19

What contributes to global dimming?

Answer 19

Particulates / soot (carbon)

Question 20

What does burning hydrocarbons in low oxygenated levels produce?

Answer 20

Incomplete combustion which produces carbon monoxide, a poisonous gas

Question 21

What are the main products from burning hydrocarbons?

Answer 21

~ Carbon dioxide

~ Water

Question 22

How can you prevent sulphur dioxide from being produced by burning certain hydrocarbons?

Answer 22

Remove the sulphur beforehand

Question 23

What are some biofuels made of plants?

Answer 23

~ Biodiesel

~ Ethanol

Question 24

How is ethanol produced?

Answer 24

~ Using sugarcane through a process called fermentation

~ Reaction with ethene

Question 25

How is ethanol carbon neutral?

Answer 25

It can be used as car fuel. The cars produce CO2 but when the sugar cane grows it takes in the same amount of carbon dioxide that vehicles release

Question 26

What are economical and environmental advantages of biofuels?

Answer 26

Ec ~ Create jobs, low energy costs

Env ~ Carbon neutral and renewable

Question 27

What are economical and environmental disadvantages of biofuels?

Answer 27

Ec ~ Slow process

Env ~ Land for plant growth could destroy wildlife habitats

Question 28

What does complete combustion of carbon produce?

Answer 28

Carbon dioxide