C2 Distillation

Question 1

Distillation

Answer 1

Used to separate soluble solutes from the solvent. The solution is heated so the solvent boils, the solvent vapour travels up and along to the condenser. When the vapour come into contact with the cold glass it condenses then is collected as distillate.

Question 2

List the equipment used in distillation and draw the set up (look up picture for answer)

Answer 2

Equipment:
. Thermometer 
. Condenser 
. Distillate (e.g. pure water)
. Solution (e.g. salty water)
. Distillation flask
. Anti-bumping granules

Question 3

Condenser

Answer 3

(A central tube surrounded by a jacket of cold water).

Question 4

Anti-bumping granules

Answer 4

(To make the liquid boil more smoothly - small bubbles of vapour form on the corners of the granules and reduce the risk of the liquid boiling over).

Question 5

Fractional distillation

Answer 5

Used to separate mixtures con- taining more than one liquid with different boiling points .
The solution is heated to the low- est boiling point, the solvent va- pour travels up the fractionating column, creating a temperature gradient. The first distillate is con- densed and collected. Then the temperature is increased so you can collect the next liquid at its higher boiling point.