C15 - structure and function of skeleton Flashcards
What is the axial skeleton comprised of
skul
vertebral column
Sternum
Ribcage
What is the appendicular skeleton comprised of
the pectoral girdle
the pelvic girdle
forelimb
hindlimb
What is a fracture
break in a bone
what are the different ways that a fracture is categorised
Mechanism
- Traumatic fracture
- Pathologic fracture
Involvement of other tissues
- closed
- simple fracture
Open or compound
How does a traumatic fracture occur
When the force on the bone is greater than its strength
how does a pathologic fracture occur
a medical condition makes the bone more fragile
What are the different types of fractures
Greenstick linear transverse oblique comminuted
what is a greenstick fracture
The bone is bent; common in children
what is a linear fracture
break parallel to the bone long axis
what is a transverse fracture
a break at a right angle to the bones axis
What is a oblique fracture
it is a break at an angle to the bones axis
What is a comminuted fracture
the bone fragments into several pieces
what are the two types of position that the bone fragments take
Non displaced / bones in normal place
Displaced / bibes are moved from their regular position
what is the difference between a simple fracture and a compound fracture
the skin overlying the fracture is still intact with a simple fracture whereas with a Compound fracture is when the skin is broken and there is a high risk of infection
What are the 3 catorgories that treatment can be put into
Pain management
Immobilisation
Surgery
why is it important to control pain when you have a fracture
there are no pain receptors within the bones themselves
the connective tissue around the bone has many pain receptors
and so many muscle spasms occur which hold the bone fragments in place
what is a good form of pain management when you have a fracture
ibuprofen is reccomended
what type of process is bone healing?
a natural process
why is a cast used to immobilise the bone during the healing process
a splint or cast is used to hold the bones in the correct place which allows the bone to heal in the right position
why cant a splint be used on fingers or toes
they are too small so a method called buddy wrapped
describe buddy wrapping a finger or toe
one finger or toe is strapped to the adjacent one so its movement is very limited
what are the desirable properties of metals used in bone surgery
light
strong
not release ions
not corroded if in contact with other metals
When is surgery used
when immobilisation has failed
what is the exception to this rule
hip fracture
