C1.4 Crude Oil

Question 1

What is methane a hydrocarbon?

Answer 1

Because it contains carbon and hydrogen only

Question 2

What is methane a hydrocarbon?

Answer 2

Because it contains carbon and hydrogen only

Question 3

What is an alkane

Answer 3

A saturated hydrocarbon (with single bonds only)

Question 4

What is an alkene?

Answer 4

An unsaturated hydrocarbon (contains double bonds)

Question 5

What is a fraction?

Answer 5

A mixture of hydrocarbons with a similar chain length

Question 6

Describe the key steps of fractional distillation

Answer 6

Crude oil is vaporised
The different fractions condense at their different boiling points
Smaller fractions condense at the top of the column and larger fractions condense at the bottom of the column.

Question 7

What is the general formula for alkanes

Answer 7

CnH2n+2

Question 8

Write a word equation for the combustion of ethane

Answer 8

ethane + oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water

Question 9

What does the term ‘oxidise’ mean

Answer 9

If something gains oxygen

If something loses electrons

Question 10

What conditions are needed for carbon monoxide to form when a fuel burns

Answer 10

Incomplete combustion - not enough oxygen

Question 11

Write an equation for the formation of sulphur dioxide from sulphur

Answer 11

sulphur + oxygen –> sulphur dioxide

Question 12

Why do some fuels produce sulphur dioxide when they are burnt?

Answer 12

They contain some sulphur

Question 13

Name an environmental effect of burning fuels containing sulphur

Answer 13

They produce sulphur dioxide
Which causes acid rain
Which kills plants and animals

Question 14

Name an environmental impact of carbon dioxide

Answer 14

Global warming

raises global temperature/melting polar icecaps

Question 15

What is the chemical formula of ethane

Answer 15

C2H6

Question 16

What is the name of an alkane with 5 carbons?

Answer 16

Pentane

Question 17

What are the environmental problems caused by carbon particulates

Answer 17

Global dimming

Question 18

Name an advantage and disadvantage of using bioethanol as an alternative fuel

Answer 18

Advantage - ‘carbon neutral’, it’s renewable as more plants can be grown
Disadvantage - takes large amount of land and uses crops that could be used for food. This could raise food prices.

Question 19

Name an advantage and disadvantage of using hydrogen as an alternative fuel

Answer 19

Advantage - only product is water. Comes from water and is renewable.
Disadvantage - Takes a lot of energy for the electrolysis of water. Hydrogen is hard to store as it’s explosive.

Question 20

Give the formula of an alkane with 23 carbons

Answer 20

C23H48

Question 21

What is an alkane

Answer 21

A saturated hydrocarbon (with single bonds only)

Question 22

What is an alkene?

Answer 22

An unsaturated hydrocarbon (contains double bonds)

Question 23

What is a fraction?

Answer 23

A mixture of hydrocarbons with a similar chain length

Question 24

Describe the key steps of fractional distillation

Answer 24

Crude oil is vaporised
The different fractions condense at their different boiling points
Smaller fractions condense at the top of the column and larger fractions condense at the bottom of the column.

Question 25

What is the general formula for alkanes

Answer 25

CnH2n+2

Question 26

Write a word equation for the combustion of ethane

Answer 26

ethane + oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water

Question 27

What does the term ‘oxidise’ mean

Answer 27

If something gains oxygen

If something loses electrons

Question 28

What conditions are needed for carbon monoxide to form when a fuel burns

Answer 28

Incomplete combustion - not enough oxygen

Question 29

Write an equation for the formation of sulphur dioxide from sulphur

Answer 29

sulphur + oxygen –> sulphur dioxide

Question 30

Why do some fuels produce sulphur dioxide when they are burnt?

Answer 30

They contain some sulphur

Question 31

Name an environmental effect of burning fuels containing sulphur

Answer 31

They produce sulphur dioxide
Which causes acid rain
Which kills plants and animals

Question 32

Name an environmental impact of carbon dioxide

Answer 32

Global warming

raises global temperature/melting polar icecaps

Question 33

What is the chemical formula of ethane

Answer 33

C2H6

Question 34

What is the name of an alkane with 5 carbons?

Answer 34

Pentane

Question 35

What are the environmental problems caused by carbon particulates

Answer 35

Global dimming

Question 36

Name an advantage and disadvantage of using bioethanol as an alternative fuel

Answer 36

Advantage - ‘carbon neutral’, it’s renewable as more plants can be grown
Disadvantage - takes large amount of land and uses crops that could be used for food. This could raise food prices.

Question 37

Name an advantage and disadvantage of using hydrogen as an alternative fuel

Answer 37

Advantage - only product is water. Comes from water and is renewable.
Disadvantage - Takes a lot of energy for the electrolysis of water. Hydrogen is hard to store as it’s explosive.

Question 38

Give the formula of an alkane with 23 carbons

Answer 38

C23H48