C1.4 Crude Oil Flashcards
What is methane a hydrocarbon?
Because it contains carbon and hydrogen only
What is methane a hydrocarbon?
Because it contains carbon and hydrogen only
What is an alkane
A saturated hydrocarbon (with single bonds only)
What is an alkene?
An unsaturated hydrocarbon (contains double bonds)
What is a fraction?
A mixture of hydrocarbons with a similar chain length
Describe the key steps of fractional distillation
Crude oil is vaporised
The different fractions condense at their different boiling points
Smaller fractions condense at the top of the column and larger fractions condense at the bottom of the column.
What is the general formula for alkanes
CnH2n+2
Write a word equation for the combustion of ethane
ethane + oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water
What does the term ‘oxidise’ mean
If something gains oxygen
If something loses electrons
What conditions are needed for carbon monoxide to form when a fuel burns
Incomplete combustion - not enough oxygen
Write an equation for the formation of sulphur dioxide from sulphur
sulphur + oxygen –> sulphur dioxide
Why do some fuels produce sulphur dioxide when they are burnt?
They contain some sulphur
Name an environmental effect of burning fuels containing sulphur
They produce sulphur dioxide
Which causes acid rain
Which kills plants and animals
Name an environmental impact of carbon dioxide
Global warming
raises global temperature/melting polar icecaps
What is the chemical formula of ethane
C2H6
What is the name of an alkane with 5 carbons?
Pentane
What are the environmental problems caused by carbon particulates
Global dimming
Name an advantage and disadvantage of using bioethanol as an alternative fuel
Advantage - ‘carbon neutral’, it’s renewable as more plants can be grown
Disadvantage - takes large amount of land and uses crops that could be used for food. This could raise food prices.
Name an advantage and disadvantage of using hydrogen as an alternative fuel
Advantage - only product is water. Comes from water and is renewable.
Disadvantage - Takes a lot of energy for the electrolysis of water. Hydrogen is hard to store as it’s explosive.
Give the formula of an alkane with 23 carbons
C23H48
What is an alkane
A saturated hydrocarbon (with single bonds only)
What is an alkene?
An unsaturated hydrocarbon (contains double bonds)
What is a fraction?
A mixture of hydrocarbons with a similar chain length
Describe the key steps of fractional distillation
Crude oil is vaporised
The different fractions condense at their different boiling points
Smaller fractions condense at the top of the column and larger fractions condense at the bottom of the column.
What is the general formula for alkanes
CnH2n+2
Write a word equation for the combustion of ethane
ethane + oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water
What does the term ‘oxidise’ mean
If something gains oxygen
If something loses electrons
What conditions are needed for carbon monoxide to form when a fuel burns
Incomplete combustion - not enough oxygen
Write an equation for the formation of sulphur dioxide from sulphur
sulphur + oxygen –> sulphur dioxide
Why do some fuels produce sulphur dioxide when they are burnt?
They contain some sulphur
Name an environmental effect of burning fuels containing sulphur
They produce sulphur dioxide
Which causes acid rain
Which kills plants and animals
Name an environmental impact of carbon dioxide
Global warming
raises global temperature/melting polar icecaps
What is the chemical formula of ethane
C2H6
What is the name of an alkane with 5 carbons?
Pentane
What are the environmental problems caused by carbon particulates
Global dimming
Name an advantage and disadvantage of using bioethanol as an alternative fuel
Advantage - ‘carbon neutral’, it’s renewable as more plants can be grown
Disadvantage - takes large amount of land and uses crops that could be used for food. This could raise food prices.
Name an advantage and disadvantage of using hydrogen as an alternative fuel
Advantage - only product is water. Comes from water and is renewable.
Disadvantage - Takes a lot of energy for the electrolysis of water. Hydrogen is hard to store as it’s explosive.
Give the formula of an alkane with 23 carbons
C23H48
