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F5 Biology > C10: Environmental Sustainability > Flashcards

C10: Environmental Sustainability Flashcards

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1
Q

What is environmental sustainability

A

an environmental condition that remains the same without any reduction or depletion of natural resources for along period of time

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2
Q

5 environmental threats

A
  • climate change and global warming
  • deforestation and loss of biodiversity
  • eutrophication
  • pollution
  • human population explosion
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3
Q

Explain greenhouse effect

A
  • sunlight enter the atmosphere of earth, some light is reflected back into the space in form of infrared ray
  • the greenhouse gases (CO2, NO, methane, chlorofluorocarbon(CFC) ) absorb the heat energy released
  • prevent infrared rays from reflecting back into space
  • this maintain the average temperature for survival of organisms
  • human activities increase the conc of these gases
  • more heat energy is trapped in atmosphere
  • thus increase the temperature of earth
  • causes global warming
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4
Q

greenhouse effect cause global warming //

global warming cause greenhouse effect

A

Greenhouse effect cause global warming

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5
Q

5 factors that cause greenhouse effect and the gases involve in each acivities

A
  • burning of fossil fuels ( CO2 and NO)
  • agricultural activities (NO)
  • deforestation (CO2)
  • usage of cooling substances (CFC)
  • animal farming (methane)
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6
Q

What is El Nino and La Nina phenomena

A

El Nino: extreme hot and dry weather causes draught

La Nina: unusual heavy rain causes serious flood

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7
Q

Define deforestation

A

clearing a wide area of trees in a large scale

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8
Q

6 Effect of deforestation

A
  • soil erosion
  • disruption of nitrogen cycle, oxygen cycle, and water cycle
  • loss of water catchment area
  • flash flood
  • climate change
  • loss of biodiversity
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9
Q

what is eutrophication

A

a process that occurs when the water ecosystem is rich of nutrients, thus change the structure of ecosystem

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10
Q

3 effects of eutrophication

A
  • algae bloom
  • death of aquatic organisms
  • deterioration of water quality
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11
Q

how eutrophication occurs

A
  • excess usage of nitrate and phosphate fertiliser in agricultural activities
  • excess nitrate and phosphate flows into lakes and river
  • stimulate rapid growth of algae
  • water surface is covered up
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12
Q

how eutrophication affect the level of BOD

A
  • eutrophication reduce the penetration of sunlight into the water
  • photosynthesis rate of aquatic plants decrease
  • oxygen content in the water decrease
  • aquatic life die
  • decomposer bacteria become more
  • decomposer disintegrate dead aquatic plants and animals in presence of oxygen
  • causes excessive oxygen reduction in water
  • thus, the biochemical oxygen demand(BOD) level increase
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13
Q

what is BOD

A
  • biochemical oxygen demand

- total amount of oxygen needed by microorganisms to decompose organic materials in water

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14
Q

relate BOD level with quality of water

A
  • high BOD level: low quality water

- low BOD level: good quality water (unpolluted and high oxygen content)

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15
Q

state 3 pollution

A
  • air pollution
  • thermal pollution
  • noise pollution
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16
Q

explain the formation of acid rain

A
  • burning of fossil fuels, industrial factories and vehicles release CO, NO, and SO2 into atmosphere
  • gases dissolve in water vapour in atmosphere to form nitric acid and sulphuric acid
  • thus acid rain is form
17
Q

5 effects of acid rain

A
  • soil become infertile (pH less than 5)
  • skin diseases and tissue damage in human
  • damage the roots and leaves of plants
  • reduces plankton population (food resources of fish)
  • food chain is affected
18
Q

define thermal pollution

A

the deterioration of water quality due to excessive heat dissipation into water causes temperature of water to change

19
Q

how thermal pollution is caused

A
  • water used as cooling agent to cool down the generators in factories
  • hot water is discharges into river or lakes
  • increased temperature in water is not suitable for aquatic life
  • the dissolves oxygen content decrease
  • affect the survival of aquatic life
20
Q

5 effects of thermal pollution

A
  • disrupts biochemical process of aquatic life
  • may cause early hatchery of fish eggs or fail to hatch
  • cause instant death for some species
  • enhances growth of algae
  • increase the BOD level
21
Q

state 3 health problem due to noise pollution

A
  • high blood pressure
  • depression
  • headache
22
Q

5 effect of population growth explosion

A
  • rapid reduction of natural resources
  • deficiency supply of clean and raw water
  • leads to deforestation, global warming and loss of biodiversity
  • extinction of various organisms
  • increase of diseases
23
Q

what can human do to save the poor pity shit environment

A
  • preservation
  • conservation
  • restoration
24
Q

aim of preservation of ecosystem

A

to protect the components of ecosystem so that it remain in its natural condition
- by gazetting forests as reserved areas

25
Q

explain conservation of ecosystem

A
  • by restore environmental resources
  • save the endangered ecosystem
  • in situ and ex situ
26
Q

explain restoration of ecosystem

A
  • renew and restore the damaged ecosystem

- by reforestation and planting of cover crops

27
Q

4 components of food security

A
  • availability of food (sufficient supply of high quality food)
  • access to food (obtain easily to meet the nutritional needs)
  • food utilisation (ability to get enough nutrients and good practice in food processing and preparation)
  • food stability (enough nutrients all the time)
28
Q

importance of Halal

A
  • manufacture in a clean surroundings
  • emphasise on hygiene and orderliness during the production process
  • beginning from farm to final product
29
Q

2 guidelines to determined food security (other than halal)

A
  • Good Manufacturing Practice(GMP)

- Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points(HACCP)

30
Q

4 pillars of NGTP

A

( National Green Technology Policy )

  • environment
  • social
  • economy
  • energy
31
Q

5 criteria requirement for green technology product

A
  • minimise environmental degradation
  • encourage usage of renewable resources
  • efficient use of energy and natural resources
  • low or zero release of greenhouse gases
  • promote healthier and better surroundings

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