C1 - topic 5 - fuels

Question 1

what are hydrocarbons?

Answer 1

hydrogen and Carbon ONLY

Question 2

give two examples of hydrocarbons (fuels)

Answer 2

petrol and diesel

Question 3

why do different hydrocarbons keep their original properties such as condensing points?

Answer 3

because it’s a mixture so the hydrocarbon molecules aren’t chemically bonded to one another

Question 4

how is crude oil separated into different fractions?

Answer 4

fractional distillation

Question 5

can crude oil be split up into its more useful separate fractions?

Answer 5

yes, by fractional distillation

Question 6

what does each fraction of crude oil contain?

Answer 6

molecules with a similar number of carbon and hydrogen to each other

Question 7

crude oil is split into separate groups of what?

Answer 7

hydrocarbons

Question 8

what is at the bottom of a fractioning column?

Answer 8

heated crude oil piped in at the bottom

Question 9

what does fractional distillation occur?

Answer 9

fractionating column

Question 10

how is crude oil separated?

Answer 10

1) the vaporised oil rises up the column

2) various fractions are constantly tapped off at the different levels where they condense

Question 11

are gases at the top of the bottom of a fractionating column more flammable?

Answer 11

top

Question 12

are long or short molecules of the hydrocarbon more flammable?

Answer 12

short

Question 13

the shorter the molecule the more …. the hydrocarbon is

Answer 13

running

flammable

Question 14

what does viscous mean?

Answer 14

gloppy

Question 15

what is the order of fuels in a fractionating column?

Answer 15

gases 
petrol
naphtha
kerosene
diesel
fuel oil
bitumen

Question 16

what is a use of gases?

Answer 16

coming and heating

Question 17

what is a use for petrol?

Answer 17

fuel for cars

Question 18

what is a use for naphtha?

Answer 18

used as a lighter fluid and in the chemical industry

Question 19

what is a use of keresene?

Answer 19

aircraft fuel

Question 20

what is a use for diesel?

Answer 20

fuel for lorries, trains and some cars

Question 21

what is a use for fuel oil?

Answer 21

a fuel for ships and in some power stations

Question 22

what is a use for bitumen?

Answer 22

to surface roads and roofs

Question 23

when does compete combustion happen?

Answer 23

when there’s plenty of oxygen

Question 24

when there’s plenty of oxygen hydrocarbons burn to produce what?

Answer 24

only carbon dioxide and water

Question 25

what happens to the hydrogen and Carbon when a complete combustion happens?

Answer 25

they're oxidised

Question 26

when is it safe for gas room heaters to release waste gases?

Answer 26

when the heater is working properly | the room is well ventilated

Question 27

what does complete combustion release?

Answer 27

lots of energy

Question 28

how many harmless gases does complete combustion release?

Answer 28

two

Question 29

what colour flame does the gas burn with when there's plenty of oxygen and combustion is complete?

Answer 29

clean blue flame

Question 30

what is the equation for the complete combustion of methane - a simple hydrocarbon fuel?

Answer 30

CH(4) + 2O(2) > 2H(2)O + CO(2)

Question 31

is complete or incomplete combustion not safe?

Answer 31

in complete

Question 32

when is the combustion not complete?

Answer 32

when there isn't enough oxygen

Question 33

what is produced after in complete combustion of hydrocarbons?

Answer 33

Carbon dioxide, water, carbon monoxide, Carbon

Question 34

what colour flame is incomplete combustion?

Answer 34

smoking yellow flame

Question 35

does complete or in complete use less energy?

Answer 35

incomplete

Question 36

what is crude oil?

Answer 36

a mixture of different sized hydrocarbon molecules

Question 37

during in complete combustion was gas is released that is colourless, odourless and very toxic?

Answer 37

Carbon monoxide

Question 38

why is it important regularly service gas appliances?

Answer 38

because people are killed while they sleep due to faulty gas fires and boilers filling the room with Carbon monoxide and nobody realising

Question 39

what is a clue that Carbon monoxide is not burnt fully?

Answer 39

the black Carbon given off produces sooty marks

Question 40

why are people killed by Carbon monoxide filling a room?

Answer 40

because it is colourless, odourless and very toxic

Question 41

what is the incomplete combustion reaction of methane?

Answer 41

4CH(4) + 6O(2) > C + 2CO + CO(2) + 8H(2)O

Question 42

what is the ease of ignition?

Answer 42

how easily it burns

Question 43

what is energy value?

Answer 43

the amount of energy released by the fuel

Question 44

what need to be done when ash and smoke is produced by fuels?

Answer 44

things like coal leave behind a lot of ash that needs to be disposed of

Question 45

why do you need to think about storage and transport when choosing the best fuel?

Answer 45

gas needs to be stored in special canisters and coal need to be kept dry so they need to be transported carefully as gas leaks and oil spills can be dangerous