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core chemistry > C1 - topic 5 - fuels > Flashcards

C1 - topic 5 - fuels Flashcards

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1
Q

what are hydrocarbons?

A

hydrogen and Carbon ONLY

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2
Q

give two examples of hydrocarbons (fuels)

A

petrol and diesel

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3
Q

why do different hydrocarbons keep their original properties such as condensing points?

A

because it’s a mixture so the hydrocarbon molecules aren’t chemically bonded to one another

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4
Q

how is crude oil separated into different fractions?

A

fractional distillation

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5
Q

can crude oil be split up into its more useful separate fractions?

A

yes, by fractional distillation

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6
Q

what does each fraction of crude oil contain?

A

molecules with a similar number of carbon and hydrogen to each other

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7
Q

crude oil is split into separate groups of what?

A

hydrocarbons

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8
Q

what is at the bottom of a fractioning column?

A

heated crude oil piped in at the bottom

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9
Q

what does fractional distillation occur?

A

fractionating column

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10
Q

how is crude oil separated?

A

1) the vaporised oil rises up the column

2) various fractions are constantly tapped off at the different levels where they condense

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11
Q

are gases at the top of the bottom of a fractionating column more flammable?

A

top

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12
Q

are long or short molecules of the hydrocarbon more flammable?

A

short

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13
Q

the shorter the molecule the more …. the hydrocarbon is

A

running

flammable

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14
Q

what does viscous mean?

A

gloppy

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15
Q

what is the order of fuels in a fractionating column?

A 
gases 
petrol
naphtha
kerosene
diesel
fuel oil
bitumen
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16
Q

what is a use of gases?

A

coming and heating

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17
Q

what is a use for petrol?

A

fuel for cars

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18
Q

what is a use for naphtha?

A

used as a lighter fluid and in the chemical industry

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19
Q

what is a use of keresene?

A

aircraft fuel

20
Q

what is a use for diesel?

A

fuel for lorries, trains and some cars

21
Q

what is a use for fuel oil?

A

a fuel for ships and in some power stations

22
Q

what is a use for bitumen?

A

to surface roads and roofs

23
Q

when does compete combustion happen?

A

when there’s plenty of oxygen

24
Q

when there’s plenty of oxygen hydrocarbons burn to produce what?

A

only carbon dioxide and water

25
Q

what happens to the hydrogen and Carbon when a complete combustion happens?

A

they’re oxidised

26
Q

when is it safe for gas room heaters to release waste gases?

A

when the heater is working properly

the room is well ventilated

27
Q

what does complete combustion release?

A

lots of energy

28
Q

how many harmless gases does complete combustion release?

A

two

29
Q

what colour flame does the gas burn with when there’s plenty of oxygen and combustion is complete?

A

clean blue flame

30
Q

what is the equation for the complete combustion of methane - a simple hydrocarbon fuel?

A

CH(4) + 2O(2) > 2H(2)O + CO(2)

31
Q

is complete or incomplete combustion not safe?

A

in complete

32
Q

when is the combustion not complete?

A

when there isn’t enough oxygen

33
Q

what is produced after in complete combustion of hydrocarbons?

A

Carbon dioxide, water, carbon monoxide, Carbon

34
Q

what colour flame is incomplete combustion?

A

smoking yellow flame

35
Q

does complete or in complete use less energy?

A

incomplete

36
Q

what is crude oil?

A

a mixture of different sized hydrocarbon molecules

37
Q

during in complete combustion was gas is released that is colourless, odourless and very toxic?

A

Carbon monoxide

38
Q

why is it important regularly service gas appliances?

A

because people are killed while they sleep due to faulty gas fires and boilers filling the room with Carbon monoxide and nobody realising

39
Q

what is a clue that Carbon monoxide is not burnt fully?

A

the black Carbon given off produces sooty marks

40
Q

why are people killed by Carbon monoxide filling a room?

A

because it is colourless, odourless and very toxic

41
Q

what is the incomplete combustion reaction of methane?

A

4CH(4) + 6O(2) > C + 2CO + CO(2) + 8H(2)O

42
Q

what is the ease of ignition?

A

how easily it burns

43
Q

what is energy value?

A

the amount of energy released by the fuel

44
Q

what need to be done when ash and smoke is produced by fuels?

A

things like coal leave behind a lot of ash that needs to be disposed of

45
Q

why do you need to think about storage and transport when choosing the best fuel?

A

gas needs to be stored in special canisters and coal need to be kept dry so they need to be transported carefully as gas leaks and oil spills can be dangerous

core chemistry (11 decks)

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