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core chemistry > C1 - topic 1 - the earth sea and atmosphere > Flashcards

C1 - topic 1 - the earth sea and atmosphere Flashcards

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1
Q

when things eventually began to cool down what happened?

A

a thin crust formed

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2
Q

when a thin crust formed what kept occurring?

A

volcanoes kept erupting

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3
Q

what gases do volcanoes release?

A

Carbon dioxide
water vapour
small amounts of other gases

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4
Q

according to the theory of evolution, the early atmosphere was mainly what?

A

Carbon dioxide - co2

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5
Q

what is the symbol for carbon dioxide?

A

co2

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6
Q

what gas was there virtually none of in the early atmosphere?

A

oxygen

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7
Q

when did oceans form?

A

when water vapour released through the eruption of volcanoes condenses

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8
Q

what is phase 2 of the evolution of the atmosphere?

A

green plants evolving which produces oxygen

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9
Q

what dissolved into the oceans?

A

Carbon dioxide

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10
Q

when did marine organisms develop?

A

after oceans formed

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11
Q

what did the marine organisms take in?

A

Carbon dioxide

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12
Q

how was Carbon dioxide locked up in carbonate rocks?

A

marine organisms died when they were then buried under layers of sediment

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13
Q

were green plants happy in the carbon dioxide atmosphere?

A

yes

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14
Q

how did green plants affect the level of gases in the atmosphere?

A

they removed cabin dioxide and produced oxygen through the process of photosynthesis

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15
Q

what is phase 3 of the evolution of the atmosphere?

A

ozone layer was created which allows the evolution of the complex animals

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16
Q

what killed off some early organisms?

A

the build up of oxygen in the atmosphere

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17
Q

what did the build up of oxygen in the atmosphere allow?

A

more complex organisms to evolve and flourish

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18
Q

what did the build up of oxygen create?

A

the onzone layer

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19
Q

what does the ozone layer do?

A

block harmful rays from the sun and enable more complex organisms to evolve

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20
Q

what is the level of carbon dioxide left in the atmosphere?

A

very little

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21
Q

what is phase one of the evolution of the atmosphere?

A

volcanoes releasing gases

22
Q

what is a human activity changing the atmosphere?

A

burning of fossil fuels

23
Q

how did the burning of fossil fuels affect the atmosphere?

A

they released Carbon dioxide and as the world is becoming more industrialised, more fossil fuels have been burnt in power stations and car engines

24
Q

what is a human activity that affects the atmosphere?

A

deforestation

25
Q

how does deforestation affect the atmosphere?

A

it contributes to the Carbon dioxide levels as tress take in Carbon dioxide and release oxygen so when trees are cut down more Carbon dioxide is left in the atmosphere

26
Q

what is a human activity that affects the atmosphere?

A

livestock farming

27
Q

how does livestock farming effect the atmosphere?

A

release huge amounts if methane into the atmosphere

28
Q

what gases do volcanoes release in today’s atmosphere?

A

sulfur dioxide

carbon dioxide

29
Q

what does sulfur dioxide react with?

A

sunlight, water, oxygen and dust to form volcanic smog

30
Q

why are the sources of information o. the evolution of the atmosphere limited?

A

no one was actually there at the time so it’s difficult to be precise about exactly how the atmosphere has changed - some of it is guess work

31
Q

how have we learnt a lot about the atmosphere through Antarctic ice cores?

A

each year, a layer of ice forms
bubbles of air gets trapped inside then it’s buried by the next layer = the deeper the ice, the older the air

if you examine the bubbles in different layers, you can see his the air has changed

32
Q

why do the measurements of air bubbles in Antarctic ice cores have to be ultra-precise?

A

changed between layers can be very very tiny

33
Q

how can you investigate the proportion of oxygen in the atmosphere?

A

heat copper

34
Q

how do you test the proportion of oxygen in the atmosphere?

A

heated copper reacts with oxygen to make copper oxide so the reaction uses up oxygen
heat excess coppe in a tube and pass air over it using two syringes
you can use the markets or the syringes to tell how much oxygen has been used up

35
Q

to start with, if there is 100cm of air, how much will you end up with if you’re removing the oxygen?

A

about 80cm because 21% of the air is made up of oxygen

36
Q

what are the percentages of gases in the atmosphere today

A

nitrogen = 78%
oxygen = 21%
other gases = small amounts

37
Q

where has evidence for how the atmosphere evolved been found?

A

rocks and other sources

38
Q

what gases were produced by volcanic activity in the earths early atmosphere?

A

water vapour

Carbon dioxide

39
Q

describe how the oceans were formed?

A

volcanoes released water vapour which condensed as the atmosphere cooled

40
Q

what has happened to the amount of carbon dioxide over time

A

decreased due to photosynthesis and oceans

41
Q

how has the ocean helped to decrease the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?

A

marine organisms take in carbon dioxide and when they die they are buried beneath layers of sediment so the Carbon dioxide is ‘locked up’

42
Q

how have played to and photosynthesis affected the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?

A

plants take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen during photosynthesis so it has helped decrease the level of carbon dioxide

43
Q

what changed to the atmosphere occur because of burning fossil fuels and deforestation?

A

burning fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide

deforestation leaves carbon dioxide in the atmosphere as there is less trees to absorb it

44
Q

what are the percentages of the gases in the earths current atmosphere?

A

nitrogen - 78%
oxygen - 21%
argon - 0.9%
carbon dioxide -0.04 %

45
Q

could the early atmosphere support life as we know it?

A

no, because humans and complex animals couldn’t life with so little oxygen

46
Q

which organisms cause an increase in oxygen and a decrease in carbon dioxide?

A

plants

47
Q

are humans decreasing or increasing the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere by burning fossil fuels?

A

increasing

48
Q

does deforestation reduce or increase the amount of carbon dioxide absorbed from the atmosphere?

A

reduces

49
Q

did volcanoes give out gases in the very early atmosphere?

A

yes

50
Q

why is it difficult to be precise about the evolution of the atmosphere?

A

no one was around millions of years ago so we can only make guesses and theories

core chemistry (11 decks)

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