C1- Theoretical Approaches

Question 1

Describe Lev Vygotsky’ theory

Answer 1

•“Social constructivist” - explains children’s cognitive development- logic and reasoning through experience
•focuses on the adult role = vital
•children = ”apprentices”

Question 2

How did Vygotsky define his idea

Answer 2

•ZAD= zone of actual development- what they can do already
•ZPD= zone of proximal development- what the child can do with support
•zone of potential development - what the child can’t do yet

Question 3

What where some things that Vygotsky found out

Answer 3

•social language - external speech
• inner language - internal voice used for thinking
(Until the child is 6 cannot use inner speech)

•supporting sustained shared thinking = scaffolding - suggested by Bruner (share and develop ideas with both adult and child together)

Question 4

What did Jerome Bruner suggest

Answer 4

•”models of cognitive representation” or “modes of thinking”
•scaffolding - adults can support by adding new bits little by little

Question 5

What did Jean Piaget suggest

Answer 5

•schema- a repeated action
•universal stages of cognitive development- sensory motor , pre-operational, concreate operational , formal operational
•develop thoughts a acording to experiences

Question 6

Describe a schema

Answer 6

Assimilation = constructs a theory or schema
Equilibrium = experiences things that fit the schema
Disequilibrium = and experience occurs that casts doubt on the effectiveness of the schema
Accommodation = the child changes the original theory or schema you fit the new experience

Question 7

What is piagets stages of cognitive development

Answer 7

Sensory motor = 0-2 = moving form physical movements to coordinated movements, object permanence, general symbolic function

Pre-operational = 2-7 = symbols in play, egocentrism, centrism, animism, inability to conserve

Concrete operational= 7-11= ability to conserve, solve mental problems

Formal operations= 11-15= think abstractly, deductive logic

Question 8

What is the order of memory
And who’s theory was this
And what are the different types of memory

Answer 8

Encoding
Storage
Retrieval

Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin

Sensory memory
Short-term memory
Long-term memory

Question 9

What is Noam Chomsky’s theory

Answer 9

•language acquisition device - LAD= language learning is innate (is instinct - can’t be learned)

Question 10

What is Jerome Bruner’s modes of cognitive representation

Answer 10

Enactive- learning through physical movement
Iconic- thoughts developed by mental images
Symbolic- symbols including language are used in thinking

Question 11

What was skinners theory

Answer 11

• Operant conditioning
• renforcement of positive and negative behaviour with a reward or a punishment