Business Environment Flashcards
1
Q
Quincy and Michael are two executives of Widgets for Life, a company providing the latest cool lifestyle gadgets. They have recently decided to invest further in their organization’s project management capabilities by creating a PMO. After lengthy discussions, they decide to focus on a PMO model that will drive compliance against a set of project management standards. What type of PMO are they implementing?
Agile Directive Controlling Supportive
A
A controlling PMO is focused on two key areas: providing the organization with support in its application of project management practices and requiring compliance against those practices.
2
Q
You have just started working for a new company. Your previous project management experience made you stand out from your competitors. Your new business cards are being printed with the title of project coordinator. You discover that the project charter for the project you are working on was never written, so you volunteer to draft one, even though the work of the project has started. The vendor who is assisting with the project is already on board and is working with (and reporting to) the engineering division. You report to the construction division. Which of the following is true?
You are working in a strong matrix organization and are in the Executing phase of the project. You are working in a weak matrix organization and are in the Planning phase of the project. You are working in a strong matrix organization and are in the Initiating phase of the project. You are working in a weak matrix organization and are in the Executing phase of the project.
A
The title of project coordinator indicates this is a weak matrix organization and that you are working within one of the business units rather than under the PMO (as you would if you were in a strong matrix organization). The question also states that the work of the project has begun, so you are in the Executing phase of the project.
3
Q
Premature closure of a project phase that is managed using an Adaptive approach is likely to experience greater failure due to sunk costs versus a project managed using a Predictive approach.
This is a true statement. This is a false statement.
A
This is a false statement.
4
Q
Which of the following are considered factors that influence the initiation of a project? Select 3
- Compliance, legal requirements, or social requirements
- Stakeholder needs and requests
- Improvement of processes, services, or products
- Enhancement of existing operations
A
According to the PMBOK® Guide, projects are initiated by business leaders because of the following categories or factors: regulatory compliance, legal requirements, or social requirements; stakeholder needs and requests; changing technology needs of the organization; create or improve processes, services, or products.
5
Q
All of the following statements about fairness are true except for which one?
- Conflicts of interest might include your associations or affiliations.
- Accepting vendor gifts is sometimes acceptable.
- Fairness encompasses diversity training and preventing culture shock.
- Fairness includes avoiding favoritism and discrimination.
A
Respect, not fairness, is the value that addresses culture shock and diversity training. Accepting vendor gifts is acceptable when the gift or situation complies with a company’s stated policies.
6
Q
A program manager working for an infectious disease nonprofit has just been assigned to a program that seeks to solve a deadly issue plaguing a third-world country. The issue involves a deadly bacteria that has entered into a major water source that branches out into multiple regions across the country. The first project will involve a feasibility study. This project came about as a result of what?
Regulatory requirement Social need Environmental considerations Strategic opportunity
A
This project came about as a result of social need. Social need is one of seven typical reasons that trigger the need for a project, as noted by the PMBOK® Guide.
7
Q
A project manager is managing a project that contains a high degree of ambiguity. The project team is expected to adapt to changes as the scope of work becomes clearer over time. To better set expectations with the team, what is the project manager likely to communicate regarding the use of an iterative approach to managing the project life cycle?
- The work will experience short feedback loops with reprioritization of the backlog over iterations.
- The team will take work from the backlog bottom up to account for ongoing reprioritization of the work.
- The work will be progressively elaborated, with feedback loops inserted quarterly.
- Features will be prioritized up front, and the decomposition of the work will be progressively elaborated.
A
The work will experience short feedback loops with reprioritization of the backlog over iterations.
Projects using an iterative and incremental approach to managing the project life cycle tend to experience short feedback loops and reprioritization of the backlog. Frequent delivery and feedback allow the team to adapt and adjust to changes quickly, as well as prioritize appropriately.
8
Q
You’ve recently begun to suspect your friend, a fellow PMP credential holder, might be accepting gifts from hardware vendors who are bidding on an upcoming multimillion-dollar project that she’s going to manage. She has a new LED flat-screen computer monitor at her desk, she showed off her new electronic tablet at a meeting two days ago, and today she unpacked a new ultra-thin laptop while you were in her office. Which of the following should you do?
- You tell your friend these gifts probably aren’t appropriate and leave it at that.
- You tell your friend you’re concerned about the appearance of impropriety because of all the new things she’s purchased lately, so you ask her directly whether these items were gifts from the vendor or whether she purchased them herself.
- You know this is a conflict-of-interest situation, and it violates the Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct. You report your friend so that an investigation can take place.
- You and your friend have a long conversation about the items she’s received, and she decides to return them and not accept any more items from vendors in the future.
A
The best answer in this situation is to get the facts before taking any action. A violation based only on suspicion should not be reported. You can get the facts by telling your friend you’re concerned about the appearance of impropriety and ask her whether the vendor gave her these items. It could be that these are the first of several samples that will be coming from all the vendors bidding on the project so the equipment can be evaluated in light of the project objectives. Or she could have accepted them as gifts, which is not appropriate. Never jump to conclusions. Always ask and get the facts straight before reporting a conflict-of-interest situation.
9
Q
All of the following describe a functional organizational structure except for which one?
A project manager has little or no authority. The role of project manager is part-time. The functional manager manages the project budget. The role of project manager can be full-time.
A
In a functional organization, the role of project manager typically does not exist. Instead, it may be a part-time role or a similar role such as a project coordinator
10
Q
You are the project manager for a company that produces mobile phone applications. Currently, the director of the consumer division is evaluating two projects. Funding exists for only one project. Project UV aims to produce a mobile phone application that sends alerts when the UV rays are at dangerous levels, alerting users to stay indoors; Project Fun aims to send alerts when it detects that users have not visited any destinations outside of their usual routine. The director asks you to calculate the payback period and NPV for both projects, and here is what you derive: Project UV: The payback period is 12 months, and the NPV is (100). Project Fun: The payback period is 18 months, and the NPV is 250. Which project would you recommend to the director?
Project Fun, because the NPV is a higher number than Project UV Project UV, because the payback period is shorter than Project Fun Project Fun, because the NPV is a positive number Project UV, because the NPV is a negative number
A
Projects with NPV greater than 0 should be recommended; the key determining factor in selecting Project Fun is that the NPV is positive. Had both NPVs been positive, then the determining factor would have been the greater NPV number, since the scenario notes that funding exists for only one project. Payback period is considered the least precise selection method and is not typically the sole determining factor.
11
Q
Yasmin is a senior project manager who has just taken on a project that will produce a new line of medical widgets for a Fortune 100 company. The entire industry is buzzing with excitement over this project, which is estimated to span three years and require an investment of $1.5 billion from the company. What type of project is this?
Portfolio Megaproject Strategic project Program
A
A megaproject is defined as a large multiyear project that costs more than $1 billion and affects 1 million or more people.
12
Q
Match the type of PMO with its description.
A
Supportive PMOs have a low degree of control, controlling PMOs have a moderate degree of control, and directive PMOs have a high degree of control.
13
Q
Robert is a new executive hired to lead the marketing department of a telecommunications company. He recently met with his project management team to review the project portfolio. Next, he sets his sights on better understanding the governance framework in place. Governance is considered to be which of the following?
Organizational process assets Project management methodology Agile Manifesto Enterprise environmental factors
A
The organization’s culture, structure, and governance are considered to be part of enterprise environmental factors. Enterprise environmental factors are conditions or capabilities that are not under the direct control of the project team but that influence or constrain the project.
14
Q
You are a project manager working in an organization that is considered to be a weak matrix organizational type. You are two months into a four-month project when the functional manager for half of your most critical resources announces that she will be reallocating them to another project. You explain to her that this will result in early closure of your project and that resources should not be redirected. What is the likely outcome of this scenario?
Resources will be distributed to another project. You will resign, and the project will end. The functional manager will pull the project budget. Resources will not be distributed to another project.
A
In a weak matrix organization, the functional manager has greater authority than the project manager. Based only on the information provided within the question, it is likely that resources will be reassigned to another project.
15
Q
A project manager is in the process of measuring the extent to which the project is compliant with regulatory standards by conducting an audit. What activity are they performing?
Retrospective Quality review Change management Quality assurance
A
According to the PMBOK® Guide, quality assurance, which occurs through the Manage Quality project management process, is most concerned with using project processes effectively. This includes assuring stakeholders that the end result of the project will meet their needs and expectations and that quality requirements are met.
16
Q
What considerations should be given when applying organizational change management? Select two
A methodology for project change management Application of change management at the project, program, and portfolio levels A change control process facilitated by the Scrum Master A framework for achieving change
A
According to Managing Change in Organizations: A Practice Guide, published by PMI, there are three recommendations to consider when applying organizational change management at a comprehensive level: 1) models for describing change dynamics, 2) framework for achieving change, and 3) application of change management practices at the project, program, and portfolio levels.
17
Q
You are a full-time project manager working within the customer operations organization, reporting to the VP of customer solutions. Your boss manages the project budget. Which organizational structure do you work in?
Hybrid Functional PMO Project-oriented
A
The question describes a hybrid organizational type, likely a mixture of a weak and a strong matrix. A clue is that your title is project manager, which does not typically exist in a purely functional organization; another is that the functional manager manages the project budget, which is not typical in a project-oriented or PMO organizational type.
18
Q
What type of organization experiences the least amount of stress during project closeout?
Strong matrix Project-oriented Weak matrix Functional
A
Weak matrix organizational structures tend to experience the least amount of stress during the project closeout processes.
19
Q
You are a project manager for the information technology division of a local satellite TV broadcasting company. This spring, the chief information officer for your company gave you the job of converting and upgrading all the PCs in the department to the latest release of a specific desktop application. Prior to this conversion, all manner of desktop software existed on machines throughout the company and had caused increasing problems with sharing files and information across the company. A lot of unproductive hours were spent converting information into several formats. This project came about as a result of which of the following?
Social need Market demand Business need Technological advance
A
This came about because of a business need. Staff members were spending unproductive hours converting information, causing the company loss. The time the employees spent converting the information could have been spent doing something more productive.
20
Q
Robert is a new executive hired to lead the marketing department of a telecommunications company. He sits down with his most senior project manager to review a proposal that was created by one of his directors, pitching a new project. The proposal contains a business summary of market demand that justifies the need for the project, the expected outcomes, return on investment, and a comprehensive cost analysis. The proposal can also be described as:
Project charter Feasibility study Benefits management plan Business case
A
The business case is a feasibility study that lists objectives and reasons for a project. It identifies critical success factors for the project, why the project was undertaken, an analysis of the situation, and recommendations.
21
Q
What is the present value of $8,000 received three years from the present using a 7 percent interest rate? Assume all options are rounded to the nearest whole dollar.
$6,612 $9,680 $9,800 $6,530
A
The formula for present value is PV = FV / (1 + i)n. Plugging in the information from the question, the formula becomes $8,000 / (1 + .07)3 = $6,530.
22
Q
A project manager is performing activities associated with the Plan Procurement Management process. Which tool or technique can the project manager use to gather information on specific seller capabilities?
Source selection analysis Advertising Make-or-buy analysis Market research
A
Market research can be used to examine industry and seller capabilities. Information can be obtained in places such as conferences, online reviews, and other sources available in the market.
23
Q
You are a project manager working on contract for an upscale retail toy store. Your project involves implementing a Party Event Planner department in stores in 12 locations across the country as a pilot to determine whether this will be a profitable new service all the stores should offer. You’ve identified two alternative methods of implementing the pilot. Alternative A’s initial investment equals $598,000. The PV of the expected cash inflows is $300,000 in year 1 and $300,000 in year 2. The cost of capital is 12 percent. Alternative B’s initial investment equals $625,000. The PV of Alternative B’s expected cash inflows is $323,000 in year 1 and $300,000 in year 2. The cost of capital is 9 percent. Which of the following is true?
Alternative A will earn a return of at least 12 percent. Alternative B will earn a return of at least 9 percent. The return is not known for either Alternative A or Alternative B. Both alternatives are viable choices.
A
A positive value for NPV means the project will earn a return at least equal to or greater than the cost of capital. Since NPV for Alternative A is positive, this alternative will earn at least a 12 percent return.
24
Q
All of the following are examples of constrained optimization methods except for which one?
Economic models Multi-objective programming Dynamic Integer
A
Economic models are an example of a benefit measurement method, not a constrained optimization method. These are project selection techniques that can be used to measure the advantages or merits of the product of the project.
25
Antwon, the director of marketing, approaches you to tell you about the latest idea he had for a new phone app that he called Project UV2. Since he was the brain behind the company’s top-selling app, you take him seriously. He notes that his idea involves enhancing the existing UV app by improving the backend to sit on technology that the company recently rolled out, thereby making response time faster. The backend changes would not affect the phone app functionality, nor would they require any new configurations to be made. This is considered to be which of the following?
A secondary phase of Project UV
A program
A project
Ongoing operation
Projects exist to create a unique product, service, or result. What the director in the scenario describes is shifting the backend of an existing app to technology that also already exists within the company. This would reflect operations, which are considered to be ongoing and repetitive, versus the creation of new capabilities.
26
Which of the following represent components of a benefits management plan?
Business need
Target benefits
Strategic alignment
Metrics
A benefits management plan describes how and when the benefits of a project will be delivered. It also describes what mechanisms should be in place to measure those benefits. Examples of key elements that make up a benefits management plan include target benefits, strategic alignment, timeframe for realizing benefits, benefits owner, metrics, assumptions, and risks. Business need is captured within a business case.
27
All of the following are true regarding the organizational process assets updates output of the Manage Communications process except for which one?
1. Lessons learned documentation is part of this output, and lessons learned meetings should be conducted at the end of project phases and at the end of the project at a minimum.
2. Feedback from stakeholders is part of this output and can improve performance on future projects, but it is too late to incorporate the feedback on the current project.
3. Project reports are part of this output and include status reports, among others, and according to the PMI Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct, the status of projects should always be truthful.
4. Stakeholder notifications are part of this output and go hand in hand with one of the areas covered in the Role Delineation Study in the PMI Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct.
All the options are part of the organizational process assets updates output of this process. Feedback from stakeholders can be used on the current project as well as future projects.
28
A project manager has been reassigned to another project after her previous project evolved to ongoing operations. What type of project ending did she experience?
Integration
Starvation
Addition
Extinction
Addition is a project ending where a project evolves into ongoing operations. In these cases, a full-time staff can be required to support ongoing operations, maintenance, and monitoring of a project’s deliverable.
29
Which of the following best defines business value?
1. Critical success factors of the project
2. An outcome of actions, behaviors, products, services, or results that provide value to the organization
3. The net quantifiable benefit derived from a business endeavor
4. The explanation for how benefits will be created, maximized, and sustained by the project
According to PMI, business value is defined as the net quantifiable benefit derived from a business endeavor. These benefits may be intangible, tangible, or both.
30
A project manager has just been assigned to a newly approved project and has been tasked with developing the first draft of the project charter. To better understand the financials, the project manager decides to review the net present value and payback period calculated for the project. Which of the following can the project manager reference for this information?
Business case
Benefits management plan
Project budget
Project charter
The business case is an economic feasibility study used to understand the business need for the project and determine whether the investment is worthwhile. In short, it justifies the need for the project and contains information such as the project description, highlevel description of scope, analysis of the problem, financial analysis, and success factors.
31
You are the newly appointed project manager of a high-profile, critical project for your organization. The project team is structured outside your normal organizational structure, and you have full authority for this project. What type of organization does this describe?
Strong matrix
Hybrid
Balanced matrix
Functional
Hybrid organizations are a combination of various organizational types and typically involve a project-oriented structure coexisting within a functional organization.
32
Which of the following is a valid tool or technique that aids the project manager, or other assigned organizational resource, in developing the project charter?
Enterprise environmental factors
Brainstorming
Business case
Organizational process assets
Brainstorming is a form of data gathering, a technique of the Develop Project Charter process. Other examples of data gathering include focus groups and interviews.
33
Reasons to Lyv is the top client of a large marketing firm. Trudy is the president of Reasons to Lyv and has decided to launch a product that leverages new GPS tracking technology. She has high confidence that the project will be a success and asks the marketing firm to make it their top priority by generating a unique campaign that will run in parallel with her project. Billy, a top executive from the marketing company, briefs his team about this unique situation that they have not managed before, and a project is launched shortly thereafter. Billy’s project came about as a result of what?
Strategic opportunity
Environmental considerations
Technological advance
Customer request
Since the marketing company where Bill works is a customer of Reasons to Lyv, the project being managed within his organization is a result of a customer request.
34
Carina is a principal project manager of You’ve Got Dogs, a specialty company that creates custom dog apparel and toys. She has just concluded the Design phase and is scheduled to perform a phase review with the steering committee facilitated by the company’s PMO. Phase reviews are also called by what other name?
PMO review
Kill point
Project review
End point
According to the PMBOK® Guide, phase reviews are also called phase gates, phase entrances, phase exits, stage gates, and kill points. Phase reviews typically serve as checkpoints at the end of a phase where performance or progress is evaluated against the project charter or plan. Once completed, the project progresses to the next phase.
35
You work in the pharmaceutical industry, and your organization is considering building a new laboratory facility in the Northwest. Market demand is driving new research for diet medications, and the new lab would be dedicated to this product development project. Some stakeholders in your organization are not certain a new lab facility is needed because there is space that can be used in an existing building to host the diet medication research project. You’ve conducted a feasibility study, and the results show two possible ways to meet the space needs. Which of the following is true regarding this situation?
1. Project selection methods are concerned with the type of things executive managers think about, such as public perception, financial return, customer loyalty, and market share.
2. Project selection methods are an output of an Initiating group process that can be used to choose among alternative ways of doing a project. Project managers are generally involved with selecting among alternative projects.
3. Project selection methods are used before the Develop Project Charter process to choose among alternative ways of performing a project.
4. Project selection methods are used by executive managers to determine things such as public perception, financial return, customer loyalty, and so on, and are used only to choose among alternative projects.
Project selection methods are used prior to the Develop Project Charter process to choose which projects the organization should undertake or to choose among alternative ways of doing a project. According to the PMBOK® Guide, the project manager is not involved in project selection.
36
A functional manager hosted a celebration for the project team to reward them for a job well done that led to the successful completion of a major project. It was clear to the project manager that the team was relaxed and enjoying themselves, with some talking about upcoming vacation plans. What type of organizational structure does the project team likely work within?
Strong matrix
Project-oriented
Weak matrix
PMO
Teams working in a weak matrix organization tend to experience the least amount of stress during the Closing processes. This is because, in a weak matrix organization, the functional manager assigns all tasks (project-related tasks as well) so the team members have a job to return to once the project is completed and there’s no change in reporting structure.
37
Which organizational process asset should you consider when closing out a project or phase?
1. Configuration management knowledge base
2. Financial management and accounts payable system
3. Marketplace conditions
4. Procurement policies
Marketplace conditions and financial management and accounts payable systems are examples of enterprise environmental factors versus organizational process assets. When performing the Close Project or Phase process, project or phase closure guidelines or requirements, along with the configuration management knowledge base, serve as valuable inputs. The configuration management knowledge base contains versions and baselines of standards, policies, procedures, and project documents belonging to the organization.
38
Reasons to Lyv is the top client of a large marketing firm. Trudy is the president of Reasons to Lyv and has decided to launch a product that leverages new GPS tracking technology. She has high confidence that the project will be a success and asks the marketing firm to make it their top priority by generating a unique campaign that will run in parallel with her project. Billy, a top executive from the marketing company, briefs his team about this unique situation that they have not managed before, and a project is launched shortly thereafter. Trudy’s project came about as a result of what?
Technological advance
Customer request
Strategic opportunity
Environmental considerations
Because Reasons to Lyv is attempting to exploit new GPS technology that is available, the project is a result of technological advance.
39
All of the following are true regarding the Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct except for which one?
Adhering to the code is mandatory for PMI members.
It contains core values that project management practitioners are highly advised to uphold.
It addresses responsibility, honesty, respect, and fairness.
Values identified in the code stem from practitioners from the global project management community.
The Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct addresses core values that project management practitioners should and must uphold. Specifically, it applies to all PMI members, PMI volunteers, those certified through PMI, and those going through the PMI certification process.
40
You are the project manager of a construction company that is working on a project to build a new community of townhomes. A vendor that is bidding on the electrical contract for the project knows you are a big fan of your favorite comedian and sends you two tickets to attend a show. You know that the tickets are expensive, valued at more than $500 based on the location of the seats. What should you do?
Select one Mark question
Accept the tickets since you already accepted another gift from a separate vendor competing for the same contract.
Accept the tickets, but take the project sponsor, who is also a fan of the comedian.
Respectfully decline the gift but keep the tickets for evidence.
Respectfully decline the gift and send back the tickets.
Don’t accept gifts that might be construed as conflicts of interest. If your organization does not have a policy regarding vendor gifts, set limits for yourself depending on the situation, the history of gift acceptance by the organization in the past, and the complexity of the project. It’s always better to decline a gift you’re unsure about than to accept it and later lose your credibility, your reputation, or your PMP status because of bad judgment.
41
```
You are a project manager working on contract. As your project comes to a close, your contract completes, and you find yourself out of work. What type of organizational structure did you work in?
Select one Mark question
Functional
Strong matrix
Project-oriented
Weak matrix
```
In a project-oriented organization, the project team is dedicated to the project. When a project is complete, they either transition to another project or are released.
42
```
Who is chartered with the authority to approve or deny change requests as defined by the organization?
Select one Mark question
Project sponsor
Change control board
Executive team
Project manager
```
The change control board is officially chartered and given the authority to approve or deny change requests as defined by the organization and as outlined within the project management plan. The authority level (including exception or emergency process) should be detailed within the project management plan
43
All of the following are true regarding the Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct except for which one?
Select one Mark question
Values identified in the code stem from practitioners from the global project management community.
It contains core values that project management practitioners are highly advised to uphold.
It addresses responsibility, honesty, respect, and fairness.
Adhering to the code is mandatory for PMI members.
The Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct addresses core values that project management practitioners should and must uphold. Specifically, it applies to all PMI members, PMI volunteers, those certified through PMI, and those going through the PMI certification process.
44
```
Functional (centralized), matrix, and project-oriented are all types of which of the following?
Select one Mark question
Communication styles
Organizational structures
Organizational cultures
Project characteristics
```
Organizational structures are the forms that an organization can take and their influence on projects. They describe the style, culture, and way of communicating that influence how project work is performed.
45
You work in the pharmaceutical industry, and your organization is considering building a new laboratory facility in the Northwest. Market demand is driving new research for diet medications, and the new lab would be dedicated to this product development project. Some stakeholders in your organization are not certain a new lab facility is needed because there is space that can be used in an existing building to host the diet medication research project. You’ve conducted a feasibility study, and the results show two possible ways to meet the space needs. Which of the following is true regarding this situation?
Select one Mark question
Project selection methods are used by executive managers to determine things such as public perception, financial return, customer loyalty, and so on, and are used only to choose among alternative projects.
Project selection methods are concerned with the type of things executive managers think about, such as public perception, financial return, customer loyalty, and market share.
Project selection methods are an output of an Initiating group process that can be used to choose among alternative ways of doing a project. Project managers are generally involved with selecting among alternative projects.
Project selection methods are used before the Develop Project Charter process to choose among alternative ways of performing a project.
Project selection methods are used prior to the Develop Project Charter process to choose which projects the organization should undertake or to choose among alternative ways of doing a project. According to the PMBOK® Guide, the project manager is not involved in project selection.
46
Which organizational process asset should you consider when closing out a project or phase?
Select one Mark question
Financial management and accounts payable system
Configuration management knowledge base
Marketplace conditions
Procurement policies
Marketplace conditions and financial management and accounts payable systems are examples of enterprise environmental factors versus organizational process assets. When performing the Close Project or Phase process, project or phase closure guidelines or requirements, along with the configuration management knowledge base, serve as valuable inputs. The configuration management knowledge base contains versions and baselines of standards, policies, procedures, and project documents belonging to the organization.
47
As part of project integration management activities, a project manager reports on value achieved to date against the plan. What does the project manager hope to accomplish by carrying out this activity?
Select one Mark question
Appraise stakeholders of the project’s progress against the benefits management plan
Appraise stakeholders of the project’s progress against the project management plan
Appraise stakeholders of the project’s progress against the product backlog
Appraise stakeholders of the project’s progress against the program management plan
The benefits management plan outlines the target benefits of the project and is used to measure both the tangible and intangible benefits. As part of project integration management activities, project managers should report progress against this plan to project stakeholders.
48
Which of the following best describes PMI?
Select one Mark question
A for-profit organization that focuses on project, program, and portfolio management
A nonprofit organization that focuses on project, program, and portfolio management
The industry-recognized standard for project management practices
The industry-recognized standard within the United States for project management practices
The Project Management Institute is the industry-recognized standard for project management practices. PMI is active and recognized around the globe, although it is headquartered within the United States.
49
```
Antwon, the director of marketing, approaches you to tell you about the latest idea he had for a new phone app that he called Project UV2. Since he was the brain behind the company’s top-selling app, you take him seriously. He notes that his idea involves enhancing the existing UV app by improving the backend to sit on technology that the company recently rolled out, thereby making response time faster. The backend changes would not affect the phone app functionality, nor would they require any new configurations to be made. This is considered to be which of the following?
Select one Mark question
A secondary phase of Project UV
Ongoing operation
A project
A program
```
Projects exist to create a unique product, service, or result. What the director in the scenario describes is shifting the backend of an existing app to technology that also already exists within the company. This would reflect operations, which are considered to be ongoing and repetitive, versus the creation of new capabilities.
50
```
Which of the following project selection methods is considered to be the least precise?
Select one Mark question
Net present value
Benefit-cost ratio
Payback period
Scoring models
```
Payback period is considered to be the least precise project selection method.
51
You work in an organization that is considered to be a project-oriented organizational type. What is an advantage of working in this type of organization?
Select one Mark question
You are a part-time project manager and can straddle two roles.
You have unlimited access to funds.
You have high to almost total access to resources.
You have job and role stability.
Within a project-oriented organization, the project manager has a high degree of authority, and projects are treated with priority. A project manager has high to almost total resource access/availability, since team members are often dedicated to the project.
52
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Sally and Joe are two project managers working in the corporate offices of a popular fast-food franchise. They are both studying for their PMP certification, and as usual, they debate the latest topic on the agenda. Joe insists that when a project ends because of a lack of resources, this is referred to as starvation, whereas Sally insists that it is referred to as integration. Who is correct?
Select one Mark question
Sally
Both
Joe
Neither
```
In this instance, Joe is correct. When resources are cut off from the project or are no longer provided to the project, it’s starved prior to completing all requirements. Integration, on the other hand, is when resources of the project are distributed to other areas in the organization or are assigned to other projects
53
All of the following are true regarding phase gates except for which one?
Select one Mark question
Phase gates serve as audit functions that ensure regulatory compliance.
A phase gate is held at the end of a phase to compare a project’s performance against the plan.
At the end of a phase gate, a go/no-go decision is made to determine whether the project should continue.
Phase gates are also referred to as phase reviews, stage gates, or kill points.
Phase gates serve as important checkpoints throughout a project’s life that allow the project team to compare the project’s performance against the plan and decide whether the project should proceed to the next phase. The primary purpose of phase gates is not intended as an audit function against regulatory compliance.
54
Which of the following best defines a program?
Select one Mark question
The iterative process of increasing the level of detail in a project management plan as greater amounts of information and more accurate estimates become available
The series of phases that represent the evolution of a product, from concept through delivery, growth, and maturity to retirement
Related projects, subsidiary programs, and program activities managed in a coordinated manner to obtain benefits not available from managing them individually
A temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result
A program is defined as related projects, subsidiary programs, and program activities managed in a coordinated manner to obtain benefits not available when managing them individually. The other options provide the definition of a project, progressive elaboration, and product life cycle.
55
```
A project manager has just been assigned to a newly approved project and has been tasked with developing the first draft of the project charter. To better understand the financials, the project manager decides to review the net present value and payback period calculated for the project. Which of the following can the project manager reference for this information?
Select one Mark question
Benefits management plan
Project budget
Business case
Project charter
```
The business case is an economic feasibility study used to understand the business need for the project and determine whether the investment is worthwhile. In short, it justifies the need for the project and contains information such as the project description, highlevel description of scope, analysis of the problem, financial analysis, and success factors.
56
```
You are a project manager and are meeting with your team. The goal of this meeting is to determine which compliance processes you should use to effectively manage the project. Which of the following describes what you’re doing?
Select one Mark question
Program management
Progressive elaboration
Phase sequencing
Tailoring
```
Tailoring refers to determining which project management processes to use when managing and conducting the project.
57
```
Reasons to Lyv is the top client of a large marketing firm. Trudy is the president of Reasons to Lyv and has decided to launch a product that leverages new GPS tracking technology. She has high confidence that the project will be a success and asks the marketing firm to make it their top priority by generating a unique campaign that will run in parallel with her project. Billy, a top executive from the marketing company, briefs his team about this unique situation that they have not managed before, and a project is launched shortly thereafter. Billy’s project came about as a result of what?
Select one Mark question
Strategic opportunity
Environmental considerations
Technological advance
Customer request
```
Since the marketing company where Bill works is a customer of Reasons to Lyv, the project being managed within his organization is a result of a customer request.
58
```
Product owners are likely to prioritize work based on which of the following?
Select one Mark question
Stakeholder needs
Business value
Business case
Urgency
```
The product owner is responsible for guiding the vision and direction of the product. This includes owning the product backlog and prioritizing the work reflected in the backlog based on its business value.
59
```
Which of the following typically shows the departments, work units, or teams within an organization?
Select one Mark question
Organization breakdown structure (OBS)
Risk breakdown structure (RBS)
Work breakdown structure (WBS)
Resource breakdown structure (RBS)
```
An organization breakdown structure is a form of organization chart that shows the departments, work units, or teams within an organization and their respective work packages.
60
All of the following are true regarding honesty as a value project managers should uphold, except for which one?
Select one Mark question
Honesty can include reporting the truth regarding project status.
Honesty includes being honest about your own experience, not deceiving others, and not making false statements.
Personal gain should never be a factor in any project decision.
Honesty only involves information regarding your own background and experience.
Honesty involves not only information regarding your own background and experience but information regarding the project circumstances as well.
61
```
What brings together a set of tools and techniques to describe, organize, and monitor the work of project activities?
Select one Mark question
Projects
Project management
Portfolio management
Programs
```
Project management is defined as the application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to project activities to meet the project requirements.
62
```
A project manager has been reassigned to another project after her previous project evolved to ongoing operations. What type of project ending did she experience?
Select one Mark question
Addition
Starvation
Extinction
Integration
```
Addition is a project ending where a project evolves into ongoing operations. In these cases, a full-time staff can be required to support ongoing operations, maintenance, and monitoring of a project’s deliverable.
63
Sue is the head of an enterprise PMO. She delivers a presentation at the annual company meeting to describe her roles, responsibilities, and the value of the PMO. As part of her presentation, she outlines the general responsibilities of a PMO. All of the following describe the types of support that PMOs typically provide except for which one?
Select one Mark question
Facilitating communication within and across projects
Mentoring, coaching, and training project managers
Establishing the company’s strategic objectives and selecting projects that realize those objectives
Providing an established project management methodology, including templates, forms, and standards
While PMOs may facilitate the selection of projects that support a company’s strategic objectives, they are not typically responsible for establishing the objectives and selecting projects. All other options describe the types of support that a PMO typically offers within an organization.
64
```
Carina is a principal project manager of You’ve Got Dogs, a specialty company that creates custom dog apparel and toys. She has just concluded the Design phase and is scheduled to perform a phase review with the steering committee facilitated by the company’s PMO. Phase reviews are also called by what other name?
Select one Mark question
Project review
Kill point
End point
PMO review
```
According to the PMBOK® Guide, phase reviews are also called phase gates, phase entrances, phase exits, stage gates, and kill points. Phase reviews typically serve as checkpoints at the end of a phase where performance or progress is evaluated against the project charter or plan. Once completed, the project progresses to the next phase.
65
All of the following statements are true except for which one?
Select one Mark question
Projects are temporary but can extend over multiple years.
Operations involves work that is continuous without an ending date.
A project can evolve into ongoing operations.
Progressive elaboration refers to a deferral in planning.
Progressive elaboration is not necessarily a deferral in planning; it refers to progressively determining the characteristics of the product, service, or result incrementally, as more detail becomes available.
66
```
Quincy and Michael are two executives of Widgets for Life, a company providing the latest cool lifestyle gadgets. As part of their annual planning process, they sit down to evaluate three projects linked to their department objectives. They decide to use benefit measurement methods to help them choose which project to select. Which of the following analysis tools are they likely to use?
Select one Mark question
Multi-objective programming
Nonlinear
Benefit-cost ratio
Linear
```
Linear, multi-objective programming, and nonlinear are all examples of constrained optimization methods, not benefit measurement methods. Benefit measurement methods include benefit-cost ratio analysis, scoring models, and benefit contribution methods.
67
```
As a value upheld by the project management community, honesty entails which of the following?
Select one Mark question
Ensuring integrity
Reporting ethics violations
Avoiding conflict of interest
Truthful reporting
```
Honesty can include a lot of topics: reporting the truth regarding project status, being honest about your own experience, not deceiving others, not making false statements, and so on. As a project manager, you are responsible for truthfully reporting all information in your possession to stakeholders, customers, the project sponsor, and the public when required.
68
Honesty can include a lot of topics: reporting the truth regarding project status, being honest about your own experience, not deceiving others, not making false statements, and so on. As a project manager, you are responsible for truthfully reporting all information in your possession to stakeholders, customers, the project sponsor, and the public when required.
A controlling PMO is focused on two key areas: providing the organization with support in its application of project management practices and requiring compliance against those practices.
69
```
Reasons to Lyv is the top client of a large marketing firm. Trudy is the president of Reasons to Lyv and has decided to launch a product that leverages new GPS tracking technology. She has high confidence that the project will be a success and asks the marketing firm to make it their top priority by generating a unique campaign that will run in parallel with her project. Billy, a top executive from the marketing company, briefs his team about this unique situation that they have not managed before, and a project is launched shortly thereafter. Trudy’s project came about as a result of what?
Select one Mark question
Technological advance
Strategic opportunity
Customer request
Environmental considerations
```
Because Reasons to Lyv is attempting to exploit new GPS technology that is available, the project is a result of technological advance.
70
```
A portfolio manager is leading a project portfolio planning exercise to determine which projects will move forward in the new quarter that support the strategic goals of the portfolio. She decides to use a scoring model to rate projects against the following three criteria: profit potential, ease of use, marketability. Based on the table provided, which project will likely move forward? Criteria Weight *Project A Score *Project B Score *Project C Score Profit potential 5 5 2 1 Marketability 1 1 5 3 Ease of use 3 2 3 5 Weighted score — — — —
Select one Mark question
None
Project A
Project C
Project B
```
Project B
71
Which environmental factor should you pay close attention to when carrying out the Identify Stakeholders process?
Select one Mark question
Lessons learned and historical repositories
Company culture and organizational structure
Existing policies, procedures, and guidelines
Stakeholder registers from past similar projects
Examples of enterprise environmental factors that are used in the Identify Stakeholders process are company culture, organizational structure, governmental or industry standards, global trends, and geographic locations of resources and facilities. The other options included are organizational process assets.
72
Which of the following is true about benefit-cost ratio?
Select one Mark question
It is the quickest and least precise project selection method.
It uses algorithms to calculate the ratio.
Benefit-cost ratio is the most difficult equation to calculate.
Benefit-cost ratio is also known as cost-benefit analysis.
Benefit-cost ratio can be referred to as cost-benefit analysis. It is a common benefit measurement method that compares the cost to produce the product, service, or result of the project to the benefit that the organization will receive after executing the project.
73
Sue is the head of an enterprise PMO. She has been given a high degree of authority within the company, and project managers report directly to the PMO. What type of PMO does Sue lead?
Select one Mark question
There isn’t enough information in the question to determine an answer.
Controlling
Supportive
Directive
Directive PMOs tend to have a high degree of control over projects, with project managers assigned by and directly reporting to the PMO. The PMO typically controls and manages projects directly.
74
Project benefits can best be described as:
Select one Mark question
A document that describes how and when the benefits of the project will be delivered
The tangible value to be gained by the implementation of the project
The intangible value to be gained by the implementation of the project
Outcomes of actions, behaviors, products, services, or results that provide value to the sponsoring organization
According to the PMBOK® Guide, project benefits are defined as outcomes of actions, behaviors, products, services, or results that provide value to the sponsoring organization as well as to the project’s intended beneficiaries
75
```
The Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct applies to all of the following groups of individuals, except for which one?
Select one Mark question
Those holding PMI certification
All PMI members
Those volunteering through PMI
Project team members
```
While most (if not all!) project managers hope that all project team members are held accountable to the core values identified within the Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct, it is written with project management practitioners in mind. This includes the following individuals: all PMI members, those who hold a PMI certification, those who begin the PMI certification process, and those who volunteer through PMI.
76
```
Cindy is practicing servant leadership. As the project manager, she gathers her team together to prepare them for the upcoming project. In explaining the benefits of business value, what points is she likely to stress?
Select three Mark question
Prioritization
Improved quality
Predictability
Accountability
```
According to the Agile Practice Guide, stakeholders should be educated on why and how to be Agile. This includes understanding the benefits of business value based on prioritization, greater accountability and productivity of empowered teams, and improved quality.
77
All of the following describe a functional organizational structure except for which one?
Select one Mark question
The role of project manager is part-time.
A project manager has little or no authority.
The functional manager manages the project budget.
The role of project manager can be full-time
In a functional organization, the role of project manager typically does not exist. Instead, it may be a part-time role or a similar role such as a project coordinator.
78
Projects may come about as a result of which of the following?
Select one Mark question
Needs and demands
Motivated employees
Ideas
Methods to exceed stakeholder expectations
According to the PMBOK® Guide, most projects fit one of seven needs and demands that result in their creation: market demand, organizational need, customer request, technological advance, legal requirement, ecological impacts, or social need.
79
```
The project manager reviews lessons learned from past similar projects to start the project off on the right foot. What input contains lessons learned and historical information from past projects?
Select one Mark question
Enterprise environmental factors
Lessons learned register
Project documents
Organizational process assets
```
Although the lessons learned register is a tempting choice and is an artifact of the project, the correct answer is organizational process assets. Organizational process assets are the organization’s policies, guidelines, processes, procedures, plans, approaches, and standards for conducting work, including project work. They are a frequent input to the project management processes.
80
Premature closure of a project phase that is managed using an Adaptive approach is likely to experience greater failure due to sunk costs versus a project managed using a Predictive approach.
Select one Mark question
This is a false statement.
This is a true statement.
This is a false statement. Projects using an Adaptive approach prioritize work based on the highest business value items first. This reduces the failure of premature closure due to sunk costs because early benefits realization occurs.
81
```
A project manager is updating a presentation slide with updates on a high visibility project for a monthly customer service review. The purchase order for hardware has not been placed yet because of multiple complications in the process, which will cause the schedule to slip by a minimum of two weeks. The project manager knows that the customer will be enraged. Hoping to not cause a scene, he omits this information in the presentation update, with a plan of crashing the schedule to make up for the slip. What core value has the project manager violated?
Select one Mark question
Fairness
Responsibility
Respect
Honesty
```
As a project manager, you are responsible for truthfully reporting all information in your possession to stakeholders, customers, the project sponsor, and the public when required. Always be up front regarding the project’s progress.
82
```
You are a project manager for the information technology division of a local satellite TV broadcasting company. This spring, the chief information officer for your company gave you the job of converting and upgrading all the PCs in the department to the latest release of a specific desktop application. Prior to this conversion, all manner of desktop software existed on machines throughout the company and had caused increasing problems with sharing files and information across the company. A lot of unproductive hours were spent converting information into several formats. This project came about as a result of which of the following?
Select one Mark question
Technological advance
Market demand
Business need
Social need
```
This came about because of a business need. Staff members were spending unproductive hours converting information, causing the company loss. The time the employees spent converting the information could have been spent doing something more productive.
83
```
Quincy and Michael are two executives of Widgets for Life, a company providing the latest cool lifestyle gadgets. They’ve learned that a new federal law will be passed that regulates how personal data may be collected and used. Many of Widgets for Life’s gadgets collect data, which has been made possible by advancements in technology. As a result, they decide to launch a new project that will address the requirements of the new law. This project came about as a result of what need?
Select one Mark question
Federal request
Legal requirement
Technological advance
Organizational need
```
The project is being driven by legal requirements. New projects can occur as a result of laws passed, as in the case seen in this scenario.
84
```
What type of organization experiences the least amount of stress during project closeout?
Select one Mark question
Strong matrix
Weak matrix
Project-oriented
Functional
```
Weak matrix organizational structures tend to experience the least amount of stress during the project closeout processes.
85
Which of the following best defines business value?
Select one Mark question
The explanation for how benefits will be created, maximized, and sustained by the project
The net quantifiable benefit derived from a business endeavor
Critical success factors of the project
An outcome of actions, behaviors, products, services, or results that provide value to the organization
According to PMI, business value is defined as the net quantifiable benefit derived from a business endeavor. These benefits may be intangible, tangible, or both.
86
You are a project coordinator and work in an organization that is considered to be a weak-matrix organizational type. What is a disadvantage of working in this type of organization?
Select one Mark question
You have job and role stability.
You can only use the waterfall methodology.
You have limited funds.
You have little authority.
In a weak-matrix organization, the project coordinator has a low degree of authority, which can be viewed as a disadvantage.
87
Which of the following are considered factors that influence the initiation of a project?
Select three Mark question
Stakeholder needs and requests
Enhancement of existing operations
Compliance, legal requirements, or social requirements
Improvement of processes, services, or products
According to the PMBOK® Guide, projects are initiated by business leaders because of the following categories or factors: regulatory compliance, legal requirements, or social requirements; stakeholder needs and requests; changing technology needs of the organization; create or improve processes, services, or products.
88
```
You are a full-time project manager working within the customer operations organization, reporting to the VP of customer solutions. Your boss manages the project budget. Which organizational structure do you work in?
Select one Mark question
Functional
PMO
Project-oriented
Hybrid
```
The question describes a hybrid organizational type, likely a mixture of a weak and a strong matrix. A clue is that your title is project manager, which does not typically exist in a purely functional organization; another is that the functional manager manages the project budget, which is not typical in a project-oriented or PMO organizational type.
89
```
Robert is a new executive hired to lead the marketing department of a telecommunications company. He sits down with his most senior project manager to review a project that he will now take sponsorship for. He asks the project manager to review the business value that the project is expected to deliver and how that value is to be measured. What document is the project manager likely to share with Robert?
Select one Mark question
The product backlog
The project management plan
The requirements traceability matrix
The benefits management plan
```
The benefits management plan describes how and when the benefits of the project will be delivered. It captures the target benefits, strategic alignment, timeframe for realizing benefits, and the metrics of how the benefits will be measured, along with other key information relating to business value delivered.
90
```
Which of the following is a valid tool or technique that aids the project manager, or other assigned organizational resource, in developing the project charter?
Select one Mark question
Organizational process assets
Business case
Enterprise environmental factors
Brainstorming
```
Brainstorming is a form of data gathering, a technique of the Develop Project Charter process. Other examples of data gathering include focus groups and interviews.
91
You have been with your company for three months. You were hired as a project manager and are anxious to get started on your first project. Your organization is considering taking on a project that has considerable risk associated with it and you don’t know the outcome. The selection committee is meeting two weeks from today to decide on this project. Since you’re new to the company, you want to make a good impression. Which of the following will you do?
Select one Mark question
You know some of the deliverables in this project will be purchased. You will use EVM techniques to help optimize life-cycle costs when you get to the processes in the Project Cost Management Knowledge Area.
You recommend a feasibility study be conducted as a separate project from this one because the outcome of the project is unknown.
You make certain to pass on the information you’ve gathered and documented to the project sponsor so that she can write the project charter.
You make certain that the product description is documented, the strategic plan is considered, and historical information is researched before writing the project charter.
The best answer to this question is D. This is a high-risk project, and a feasibility study should be conducted as a separate project because the outcome is unknown.
92
```
Robert is a new executive hired to lead the marketing department of a telecommunications company. He recently met with his project management team to review the project portfolio. Next, he sets his sights on better understanding the governance framework in place. Governance is considered to be which of the following?
Select one Mark question
Organizational process assets
Enterprise environmental factors
Project management methodology
Agile Manifesto
```
The organization’s culture, structure, and governance are considered to be part of enterprise environmental factors. Enterprise environmental factors are conditions or capabilities that are not under the direct control of the project team but that influence or constrain the project.
93
```
A program manager working for an infectious disease nonprofit has just been assigned to a program that seeks to solve a deadly issue plaguing a third-world country. The issue involves a deadly bacteria that has entered into a major water source that branches out into multiple regions across the country. The first project will involve a feasibility study. This project came about as a result of what?
Select one Mark question
Environmental considerations
Social need
Strategic opportunity
Regulatory requirement
```
This project came about as a result of social need. Social need is one of seven typical reasons that trigger the need for a project, as noted by the PMBOK® Guide.
94
Which of the following best describes honesty as a value that project management practitioners should abide by?
Select one Mark question
Our duty to show a high regard for ourselves, others, and the resources entrusted to us
Our duty to make decisions and act impartially and objectively
Our duty to understand the truth and act in a truthful manner both in our communications and in our conduct
Our duty to take ownership for the decisions we make or fail to make, the actions we take or fail to take, and the consequences that result
Honesty can include a lot of topics: reporting the truth regarding project status, being honest about your own experience, not deceiving others, not making false statements, and so on. According to the Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct, honesty is your duty to understand the truth and act in a truthful manner, both in your communications and in your conduct.
95
```
Which of the following values represents taking ownership for the decisions you make or fail to make, the actions you take or fail to take, and the consequences that result?
Select one Mark question
Responsibility
Respect
Fairness
Honesty
```
Responsibility is the act of making decisions that are for the good of the organization rather than yourself, admitting your mistakes, being responsible for the decisions you make (or those you don’t make), and the consequences that result, along with other actions.
96
```
A project manager is in the process of measuring the extent to which the project is compliant with regulatory standards by conducting an audit. What activity are they performing?
Select one Mark question
Quality assurance
Retrospective
Quality review
Change management
```
According to the PMBOK® Guide, quality assurance, which occurs through the Manage Quality project management process, is most concerned with using project processes effectively. This includes assuring stakeholders that the end result of the project will meet their needs and expectations and that quality requirements are met.
97
```
Yasmin is a senior project manager for a project that aims to produce a new line of medical widgets for a Fortune 100 company. The entire industry has been buzzing with excitement over this project, which was estimated to span three years and require an investment of $1.5 billion from the company. Yasmin recently learned that her project would be placed on hold for the foreseeable future after a lawsuit against the company resulted in shareholders pulling out their investments, thereby liquidating capital needed to continue with the project. What type of project ending is this?
Select one Mark question
Starvation
Addition
Integration
Extinction
```
When resources are cut off from the project and the project is starved prior to completing all requirements, it often leads to an unfinished project. Resources in this case can be money (such as in Yasmin’s case), human resources, equipment, or supplies. This type of project ending is referred to as starvation.
98
```
Yasmin is a senior project manager who has just taken on a project that will produce a new line of medical widgets for a Fortune 100 company. The entire industry is buzzing with excitement over this project, which is estimated to span three years and require an investment of $1.5 billion from the company. What type of project is this?
Select one Mark question
Program
Portfolio
Megaproject
Strategic project
```
A megaproject is defined as a large multiyear project that costs more than $1 billion and affects 1 million or more people.
99
```
A functional manager hosted a celebration for the project team to reward them for a job well done that led to the successful completion of a major project. It was clear to the project manager that the team was relaxed and enjoying themselves, with some talking about upcoming vacation plans. What type of organizational structure does the project team likely work within?
Select one Mark question
PMO
Strong matrix
Weak matrix
Project-oriented
```
Teams working in a weak matrix organization tend to experience the least amount of stress during the Closing processes. This is because, in a weak matrix organization, the functional manager assigns all tasks (project-related tasks as well) so the team members have a job to return to once the project is completed and there’s no change in reporting structure.
100
```
A project manager is managing a project working to produce a fitness tracking device. Using an adaptive approach to managing the schedule, the project manager works with the team to update and prepare stories for the upcoming iteration, accounting for any recent changes that may have occurred. This is an example of:
Select one Mark question
Schedule management
Project management
Backlog refinement
Sprint planning
```
Preparing stories for the next iteration refers to backlog refinement or backlog grooming. The intent is to refine stories sufficiently so that the team understands what work must be accomplished.
101
```
Robert is a new executive hired to lead the marketing department of a telecommunications company. He sits down with his most senior project manager to review a project that he will now take sponsorship for. After discussing business value, he asks to review the requirements and how the requirements link to the project objectives. What document will the project manager share with Robert?
Select one Mark question
The product backlog
The requirements traceability matrix
The project management plan
The benefits management plan
```
The requirements traceability matrix links the requirements to the business and project objectives. This ensures that requirements add business value.
102
All of the following are true regarding the organizational process assets updates output of the Manage Communications process except for which one?
Select one Mark question
Project reports are part of this output and include status reports, among others, and according to the PMI Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct, the status of projects should always be truthful.
Lessons learned documentation is part of this output, and lessons learned meetings should be conducted at the end of project phases and at the end of the project at a minimum.
Stakeholder notifications are part of this output and go hand in hand with one of the areas covered in the Role Delineation Study in the PMI Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct.
Feedback from stakeholders is part of this output and can improve performance on future projects, but it is too late to incorporate the feedback on the current project.
All the options are part of the organizational process assets updates output of this process. Feedback from stakeholders can be used on the current project as well as future projects.
103
You have just started working for a new company. Your previous project management experience made you stand out from your competitors. Your new business cards are being printed with the title of project coordinator. You discover that the project charter for the project you are working on was never written, so you volunteer to draft one, even though the work of the project has started. The vendor who is assisting with the project is already on board and is working with (and reporting to) the engineering division. You report to the construction division. Which of the following is true?
Select one Mark question
You are working in a strong matrix organization and are in the Executing phase of the project.
You are working in a weak matrix organization and are in the Executing phase of the project.
You are working in a weak matrix organization and are in the Planning phase of the project.
You are working in a strong matrix organization and are in the Initiating phase of the project.
The title of project coordinator indicates this is a weak matrix organization and that you are working within one of the business units rather than under the PMO (as you would if you were in a strong matrix organization). The question also states that the work of the project has begun, so you are in the Executing phase of the project.
104
```
Which of the following are types of PMOs?
Select three Mark question
Center of Excellence
Controlling
Directive
Supportive
```
According to the PMBOK® Guide, the three types of PMOs are directive, supportive, and controlling.
105
All of the following statements about fairness are true except for which one?
Select one Mark question
Fairness encompasses diversity training and preventing culture shock.
Fairness includes avoiding favoritism and discrimination.
Conflicts of interest might include your associations or affiliations.
Accepting vendor gifts is sometimes acceptable.
Respect, not fairness, is the value that addresses culture shock and diversity training. Accepting vendor gifts is acceptable when the gift or situation complies with a company’s stated policies.
106
All of the following are true regarding projects except for which one?
Select one Mark question
They are temporary in nature.
They can continue without an ending date.
They can be progressively elaborated.
They produce unique products, services, or results.
Projects are temporary endeavors undertaken to produce a unique product, service, or result. Operations, on the other hand, are ongoing and repetitive and do not have an ending date.
107
```
A project manager is putting together the project charter and is interested in referencing marketplace conditions to understand the factors surrounding the project. What is a valid input that the project manager can reference to get this information?
Select one Mark question
Organizational process assets
Project documents
Lessons learned register
Enterprise environmental factors
```
Enterprise environmental factors are the factors both internal and external to the organization that can influence the project. Marketplace conditions is one example, as are organizational culture, structure, and governance. Enterprise environmental factors is a frequent input of the project management processes.
108
```
When joining a new organization, what must a new project manager do to be effective?
Select one Mark question
Assess the organization’s culture
Brush up on project management skills
Get to know the team
Research the executive team
```
When joining a new organization, it is important that a project manager familiarize themselves with the organization’s culture. Understanding how the organization operates, its tolerance level, and its appetite for risk, among other things, is important to tailoring the project management approach
109
```
As a value upheld by the project management community, responsibility entails which of the following?
Select one Mark question
Reporting ethics violations
Ensuring integrity
Avoiding conflict of interest
Maintaining professional demeanor
```
Responsibility entails ensuring integrity, accepting assignments we are qualified for, abiding by laws and regulations, and maintaining confidential information.
110
```
You are a senior manager overseeing projects for Fun Days Vacation Packages. You manage projects and weigh the value of each project against the business’s strategic objectives. You also monitor projects to make certain they adhere to those objectives and that you get the most efficient use of resources possible. Which of the following does this scenario describe?
Select one Mark question
Project management
Portfolio management
Program management
Project and program management
```
Portfolio management groups projects, programs, portfolios, and other work that is similar in scope and weighs the value of each project against the business’s strategic objectives. Portfolio management also monitors projects to make certain they adhere to the objectives and make efficient use of resources. Portfolio management is usually handled by a senior manager with many years of experience in project and program management.
111
A project manager is managing a project that contains a high degree of ambiguity. The project team is expected to adapt to changes as the scope of work becomes clearer over time. To better set expectations with the team, what is the project manager likely to communicate regarding the use of an iterative approach to managing the project life cycle?
Select one Mark question
The work will experience short feedback loops with reprioritization of the backlog over iterations.
The team will take work from the backlog bottom up to account for ongoing reprioritization of the work.
The work will be progressively elaborated, with feedback loops inserted quarterly.
Features will be prioritized up front, and the decomposition of the work will be progressively elaborated.
Projects using an iterative and incremental approach to managing the project life cycle tend to experience short feedback loops and reprioritization of the backlog. Frequent delivery and feedback allow the team to adapt and adjust to changes quickly, as well as prioritize appropriately.
112
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Which of the following represent components of a benefits management plan?
Select all right Mark question
Target benefits
Business need
Metrics
Strategic alignment
```
A benefits management plan describes how and when the benefits of a project will be delivered. It also describes what mechanisms should be in place to measure those benefits. Examples of key elements that make up a benefits management plan include target benefits, strategic alignment, timeframe for realizing benefits, benefits owner, metrics, assumptions, and risks. Business need is captured within a business case.
113
All of the following statements are true regarding NPV except which one?
Select one Mark question
Projects with high returns early on should be favored over projects with low returns early on.
Projects with NPV greater than zero should receive a go decision.
NPV is the discount rate when IRR equals zero.
NPV assumes reinvestment at the cost of capital.
Answer C is stated backwards. IRR is the discount rate when NPV equals zero.
114
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Project selection methods might include all of the following except for which one?
Select one Mark question
Benefit measurement methods
NPV calculations
Constrained optimization analysis
Alternatives analysis
```
Project selection methods include benefit measurement methods and mathematical models (also known as constrained optimization methods). Benefit measurement methods might include cost-benefit analysis and cash flow analysis.
115
You’ve recently begun to suspect your friend, a fellow PMP credential holder, might be accepting gifts from hardware vendors who are bidding on an upcoming multimillion-dollar project that she’s going to manage. She has a new LED flat-screen computer monitor at her desk, she showed off her new electronic tablet at a meeting two days ago, and today she unpacked a new ultra-thin laptop while you were in her office. Which of the following should you do?
Select one Mark question
1. You and your friend have a long conversation about the items she’s received, and she decides to return them and not accept any more items from vendors in the future.
2. You tell your friend you’re concerned about the appearance of impropriety because of all the new things she’s purchased lately, so you ask her directly whether these items were gifts from the vendor or whether she purchased them herself.
3. You know this is a conflict-of-interest situation, and it violates the Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct. You report your friend so that an investigation can take place.
4. You tell your friend these gifts probably aren’t appropriate and leave it at that.
The best answer in this situation is to get the facts before taking any action. A violation based only on suspicion should not be reported. You can get the facts by telling your friend you’re concerned about the appearance of impropriety and ask her whether the vendor gave her these items. It could be that these are the first of several samples that will be coming from all the vendors bidding on the project so the equipment can be evaluated in light of the project objectives. Or she could have accepted them as gifts, which is not appropriate. Never jump to conclusions. Always ask and get the facts straight before reporting a conflict-of-interest situation.
116
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As part of performing administrative closure activities, a project manager creates false responses to a stakeholder satisfaction survey. He reasons that he has received highly positive feedback throughout the entire project and didn’t want to be a bother to his stakeholders after they worked so hard to successfully finish the project. The project manager’s actions violated which core value addressed within the Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct?
Select one Mark question
Integrity
Respect
Honor
Honesty
```
Honesty entails acting in a truthful manner in both our communications and conduct. Although the project manager’s intentions seemed to result from positive intentions, the act of forging survey responses—even if he felt that they reflected truthful feedback received—does not represent truthful actions.
117
What considerations should be given when applying organizational change management?
Select two Mark question
Application of change management at the project, program, and portfolio levels
A framework for achieving change
A methodology for project change management
A change control process facilitated by the Scrum Master
According to Managing Change in Organizations: A Practice Guide, published by PMI, there are three recommendations to consider when applying organizational change management at a comprehensive level: 1) models for describing change dynamics, 2) framework for achieving change, and 3) application of change management practices at the project, program, and portfolio levels.
118
```
All of the following are examples of constrained optimization methods except for which one?
Select one Mark question
Multi-objective programming
Integer
Dynamic
Economic models
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Economic models are an example of a benefit measurement method, not a constrained optimization method. These are project selection techniques that can be used to measure the advantages or merits of the product of the project.
119
One of your team members, a fellow PMP credential holder, is under investigation for violation of the Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct. What action should you take?
Select one Mark question
Tell the PMI investigator it would be a conflict of interest for you to cooperate in the investigation because this person is your team member.
Cooperate with the PMI investigator by truthfully answering all their questions, but refuse to give them any written documentation.
Cooperate fully with the investigation.
Tell the PMI investigator it would be a conflict of interest for you to cooperate because they might uncover information about you during the investigation that could cause them to investigate you.
Part of the Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct requires that you cooperate in any investigation concerning ethics violations and in collecting information related to the violation.
120
```
Antwon is the director of marketing for a midsize company. You run into him while heating coffee in the office kitchenette and ask him what he’s up to. He explains that he’s in the process of evaluating project proposals to determine which best support the department and company’s annual goals. In what activity is Antwon involved?
Select one Mark question
Portfolio management
Program management
Agile management
Project management
```
Antwon is performing portfolio management activities. Portfolio management is defined as the centralized management of one or more portfolios to achieve strategic objectives; it involves guiding the investment decisions of the organization to meet the organization’s strategic goals.
121
Kaylee is a project manager for a company that builds software for mobile devices. One of her projects involves the development of a health app that syncs with other health apps to combine and analyze the data for a comprehensive view. Most recently, she completed a review of the project’s prioritized backlog with the project team to prepare for the upcoming iteration. She learns that a new regulation passed by the government may impact several features of this app. What is she likely to do?
Select one Mark question
Assess the impact of the new regulation on the project’s scope and update the backlog to reflect the necessary changes.
Nothing. The project’s backlog has already been prioritized.
Assess the impact of the new regulation on the project’s scope and update the project scope statement.
Remove the features to avoid the risk of noncompliance against the new regulation passed and reprioritize the backlog.
Project managers must remain alert to changes occurring across the internal and external business landscape to understand the impact to their projects. When this occurs, such as in Kaylee’s case, project managers should assess and prioritize the impacts of these changes on their project and then adjust the backlog accordingly.
122
```
What is the present value of $8,000 received three years from the present using a 7 percent interest rate? Assume all options are rounded to the nearest whole dollar.
Select one Mark question
$6,612
$9,800
$9,680
$6,530
```
The formula for present value is PV = FV / (1 + i)n. Plugging in the information from the question, the formula becomes $8,000 / (1 + .07)3 = $6,530.
123
```
Robert is a new executive hired to lead the marketing department of a telecommunications company. He sits down with his most senior project manager to review a proposal that was created by one of his directors, pitching a new project. The proposal contains a business summary of market demand that justifies the need for the project, the expected outcomes, return on investment, and a comprehensive cost analysis. The proposal can also be described as:
Select one Mark question
Project charter
Business case
Feasibility study
Benefits management plan
```
The business case is a feasibility study that lists objectives and reasons for a project. It identifies critical success factors for the project, why the project was undertaken, an analysis of the situation, and recommendations.
124
Match the type of PMO with its description.
Directive - Provides support and requires compliance against published project management and governance frameworks
Controlling - Takes control of projects by directly managing them via project managers that report to the PMO
Supportive - Provides consultation to project teams by providing resources, training, and access to information
According to the PMBOK® Guide, there are three types of PMOs: supportive, controlling, and directive. Supportive PMOs have a low degree of control, controlling PMOs have a moderate degree of control, and directive PMOs have a high degree of control.
125
What is the ethical code you’ll be required to adhere to as a PMP credential holder?
Select one Mark question
Code of Project Management Professional Standards and Ethics
Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct
Code of Professional Conduct
Code of Professional Ethics
The Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct is published by PMI, and all PMP credential holders are expected to adhere to its standards.
126
You are a project manager working on contract for an upscale retail toy store. Your project involves implementing a Party Event Planner department in stores in 12 locations across the country as a pilot to determine whether this will be a profitable new service all the stores should offer. You’ve identified two alternative methods of implementing the pilot. Alternative A’s initial investment equals $598,000. The PV of the expected cash inflows is $300,000 in year 1 and $300,000 in year 2. The cost of capital is 12 percent. Alternative B’s initial investment equals $625,000. The PV of Alternative B’s expected cash inflows is $323,000 in year 1 and $300,000 in year 2. The cost of capital is 9 percent. Which of the following is true?
Select one Mark question
Both alternatives are viable choices.
The return is not known for either Alternative A or Alternative B.
Alternative A will earn a return of at least 12 percent.
Alternative B will earn a return of at least 9 percent.
A positive value for NPV means the project will earn a return at least equal to or greater than the cost of capital. Since NPV for Alternative A is positive, this alternative will earn at least a 12 percent return.
127
Match the term with its description.
Organizational process assets - Conditions, not under the immediate control of the team, that influence, constrain, or direct the project, program, or portfolio
Enterprise environmental factors - Plans, processes, policies, procedures, and knowledge bases that are specific to and used by the performing organization
Organizational process assets are factors that are internal to the organization, such as internal policies, processes, templates, and lessons learned repositories; enterprise environmental factors are external to the organization, such as laws, regulations, published standards, and marketplace conditions.
128
You are a project manager working in an organization that is considered to be a weak matrix organizational type. You are two months into a four-month project when the functional manager for half of your most critical resources announces that she will be reallocating them to another project. You explain to her that this will result in early closure of your project and that resources should not be redirected. What is the likely outcome of this scenario?
Select one Mark question
The functional manager will pull the project budget.
You will resign, and the project will end.
Resources will be distributed to another project.
Resources will not be distributed to another project.
In a weak matrix organization, the functional manager has greater authority than the project manager. Based only on the information provided within the question, it is likely that resources will be reassigned to another project
129
```
90 of 9001:45:21
What group is responsible for reviewing all change requests and approving or denying them?
Select one Mark question
TCB
CRB
ECB
CCB
```
