Agile Flashcards
This approach is based on lean-thinking principles and helps the team stay organized; it keeps team members collaborating and everyone informed:
Kanban method
These types of measurements can provide the team with an understanding of how much more work they have and whether they will finish on time.
Burnup charts, burndown charts, lead time, and cycle time
This ——— defines whether waterfall, iterative, adaptive, agile, or a hybrid development approach will be used on the project.
Development approach
The Agile Manifesto lists four values
- individuals and interactions over processes and tools
- working software over comprehensive documentation
- customer collaboration over contract negotiation
- Responding to change over following a plan.
Which of the following are underlying success factors for forming Agile teams? Select 3
Building a foundational trust
Safe working environment
Agile mindset
Building a strong network
Building a foundational trust
Safe working environment
Agile mindset
Which of the following are a type of agile project management methodology primarily used for information technology projects? (Choose two.)
Kaizen
XP
Scrum
Six Sigma
Scrum and Extreme Programming (XP) are agile project management methodologies that are used in the information technology field
In a flow-based agile approach, which of the following questions would you ask at the daily stand-up meeting?
What is needed to advance this task?
What did I accomplish yesterday?
Are there any roadblocks preventing me from doing my work?
Are tasks being worked that are not on the board?
What will I work on today?
In a flow-based approach, this question would ask whether there are bottlenecks or roadblocks in the workflow.
An agile team’s social contract likely addresses which of the following?
Team assignments Group norms Team values Ground rules
team values, working agreements, ground rules, and group norms
Sue leads a PMO that is in the process of shifting the organization from using predictive to more adaptive approaches to delivering project outcomes. During an Agile training session for her organization, a team member asks, “How many people are on a project team?” What response is Sue likely to provide?
10–15.
1–5.
There is no set number.
3–9.
3–9.
You have been assigned a new project and meet with your manager to discuss it further. The PMO organization has been on a journey over the past six months to become an Agile PMO. Your manager shares that the new project should be managed using an adaptive approach to support the direction of the team. He further clarifies that the project will be highly constraint-driven with a strong focus on quality and time and that the executive team expects incremental builds. Which of the following adaptive approaches should you use to manage this project?
Crystal Clear Agile Unified Process Dynamic Systems Development Method Feature Driven Development
DDSM establishes the cost of the project, the quality standards, and the timeframe to completion and, as such, is constraint-driven.
You are a project manager working within a division that recently experienced a reorganization. During a staff meeting, you learn that division leadership announced shifting technology to the cloud as the top strategic priority. You have been managing a project using an Agile approach, and you know this has a direct impact on your project. What are you likely to do next?
Assess the impact to the backlog and refine the backlog with the help of the team
Cancel the project and submit a new project that will properly address the updated scope
Sit down with the sponsor to assess the impact and proceed with the change management process
Meet with division leadership to obtain an exception against going to the cloud
Assess the impact to the backlog and refine the backlog with the help of the team
What questions should a team ask when developing an implementation strategy using an Agile mindset? Select two
- How can the project team act in an Agile manner?
- What work can be avoided in order to focus on high-priority items?
- How can the team finalize clear requirements early?
- How can the team avoid changes to maintain progress against the plan?
- How can the project team act in an Agile manner?
- What can the team deliver quickly and obtain early feedback about to benefit the next delivery cycle?
- How can the team act in a transparent manner?
- What work can be avoided in order to focus on high-priority items?
- How can a servantleadership approach benefit the achievement of the team’s goals?
According to the Agile Manifesto, which of the following should be more highly valued than contract negotiation?
Simplicity
Satisfying the customer using continuous delivery
Customer collaboration
Using motivated individuals to deliver business value
Customer collaboration
An Agile project team builds their schedule by pulling features from the backlog reflected on a task board as capacity to take on work becomes available. In some cases, a feature may take two weeks to complete, while in others, it takes more. What type of delivery method does this describe?
Scrum Waterfall Iteration-based Agile Flow-based Agile
Flow-based Agile - A team using a flow-based agile approach, such as Kanban, focuses on developing prioritized features from the backlog. As capacity opens, the team pulls the next feature from the backlog and shifts it to the next column of the task board. They work on the feature until it is complete and then move on to the next one.
Which of the following predictive project management techniques resembles an agile approach:
Rolling wave planning
Developing the project management plan
Developing the WBS
Earned value analysis
Rolling wave planning resembles agile approaches since it allows the project management team to wait until the deliverables or subcomponents are agreed on, so the details of the WBS can be developed.
You are using an agile project management methodology to deliver business value. During each iteration, you and the team members are breaking down tasks into tangible components that have enough features and functionality to allow the customer to examine value and provide feedback to the team. Which of the following are true regarding this question when using a Scrum methodology? (Choose two.)
- The project team will manage and prioritize the product backlog and choose the user stories for the upcoming iteration that can be broken down to the minimum viable product.
- The product owner will determine whether business value has been achieved.
- You are creating the minimum viable product.
- The Scrum master will assist the team in breaking down the user stories and assign each team member tasks for the upcoming iteration.
The product owner will determine whether business value has been achieved.
You are creating the minimum viable product.
Which of the following agile methodologies are a type of pull system? (Choose two.)
Lean Kanban Scrum Six Sigma XP Kaizen
Scrum and Kanban are considered pull systems because user stories are moved from one point in the process to the next, thereby freeing up space to pull other user stories from the backlog.
Which of the following reflect ideal characteristics of Agile teams? Select 3
Facilitate daily status meetings Dedicated 100 percent to project Range in size from three to nine team members Colocated
Dedicated 100 percent to project
Range in size from three to nine team members
Colocated
This methodology uses an iterative-based Agile approach. It is a single-team framework that is primarily used to manage product development. At the end of each iteration, the team facilitates a meeting to review what went well and ideas for improvement. Which methodology does this describe, and what technique is this question referring to? Select two
Scrum Sprint review Sprint retrospective Kanban
Scrum
Sprint retrospective
Sue is leading the transformation of her PMO from a directive PMO to an Agile PMO. What characteristics is Sue likely to highlight when describing the Agile PMO to the company’s leadership team? Select three
- The Agile PMO is invitation-oriented.
- The Agile PMO is solution-oriented.
- The Agile PMO is value-driven.
- The Agile PMO is multidisciplinary.
The Agile PMO is invitation-oriented.
The Agile PMO is value-driven.
The Agile PMO is multidisciplinary.
You are a lead project manager for a company that develops and manufactures healthcare devices. Your team has recently begun to adopt Agile practices after receiving the directive from the division president. What power type is at play in this scenario?
Legitimate Referent Expert Punishment
Legitimate power, also referred to as formal power, comes about as a result of someone’s position or formal title. In this case, the division president’s directive carries a heavy influence due to her position.
Agile practices promote dedicated team members. When this is not the case, team members must multitask and experience productivity losses. On average, what range of productivity loss occurs?
50 percent to 75 percent 0 percent to 10 percent 15 percent to 30 percent 20 percent to 40 percent
20 percent to 40 percent
You are using an agile approach to deliver business value incrementally. What other elements of business value should you be focused on? (Choose two)
- Examining business value throughout the project
- Discussing business value with the project sponsor, recording it in the project charter, and expecting project team members and stakeholders to refer to this periodically
- Accepting suggestions about delivering incremental business value and ensuring that business value is achieved when the project is complete
- Reporting on business value only at the end of the project
- Examining business value throughout the project
- Accepting suggestions about delivering incremental business value and ensuring that business value is achieved when the project is complete
Which of the following contracts should you use for agile projects that will be priced based on user stories?
Graduated time and materials Fixed-price increments Multitiered structure Dynamic scope
Fixed-price increments are contracts used on agile projects that are based on breaking down the work into user stories, rather than pricing the contract as a whole.
Name the difference between the agile iterative approach and the agile incremental approach as discussed in the Agile Practice Guide (PMI®, 2017).
- Iterative uses prototypes and incremental helps in performing the work faster and speeding up the project.
- Incremental focuses on learning optimization and iterative focuses on speed of delivery.
- Incremental uses prototypes and iterative helps in performing the work faster and in speeding up the project.
- Iterative plans the work at the beginning of the project before starting work, and incremental plans the work at the beginning of each iteration.
The iterative approach uses prototypes and mockups produced in time-bound periods such as sprints. The incremental approach produces usable deliverables at the end of the workflow, which helps in performing the work faster and speeds up the project. The incremental approach focuses on speed of delivery and the iterative approach focuses on learning optimization.
Kaylee has been managing projects for more than a decade and has largely used the waterfall method. She has recently taken a new job for a company that builds software for mobile devices and has begun studying the Agile method, which is largely used by this company. She begins by studying the Agile principles. What is the formalized document called that identifies 12 principles of the Agile approach?
Agile Principles Agile Charter Agile Manifesto Book of Agile
The Agile Manifesto identifies 12 principles that describe the Agile approach. It came about through a group of software developers who came together in 2001 to formalize the Agile approach.
Which of the following best describes an Agile life cycle?
- An approach that focuses on generating feedback early to improve and modify the work
- An approach that is a blend of iterative and incremental and that refines and delivers frequently
- An approach that generates finished deliverables that the customer may be able to use immediately
- A traditional approach where the majority of planning occurs up front, followed by execution
An Agile life cycle consists of a blend of iterative and incremental approaches, which focuses on refining the work to deliver outcomes more frequently. An Agile life cycle has dynamic requirements that focus on customer value.
Directing project work on an agile project consists of several steps. Match the following steps with their descriptions.
Agile projects typically follow a workflow that consists of defining the product backlog, holding planning meetings, conducting daily stand-ups, holding review meetings, and conducting retrospectives.
Julie is a product manager responsible for a line of smart water bottles that connect to a mobile app to capture data and provide suggestions regarding your drinking habits. Julie meets with the Scrum team to talk through a major issue that threatens the latest release. Together, the team decides to focus collectively on the issue at hand until it is resolved. What is this an example of?
Swarming Value-focused work Issue management Collaboration
Swarming is a strategy where the team, or several team members, focus collectively on resolving a blocker.
A product owner calls the Scrum master and requests to see the remaining work effort for the sprint. What is the Scrum master likely to show the product owner in response?
A bubble chart A sprint summary chart A burndown chart A status report
A burndown chart shows the time remaining for the sprint and displays the time period of the sprint on the horizontal axis and the backlog items on the vertical axis.
Tom is a project manager working for a reputable editorial agency specializing in exam preparation. He and his team use Agile approaches to manage projects. Because of the company’s growth, three new project managers have been hired, and Tom has stepped up to mentor the new hires. During a mentoring session, Tom advises that the team take advantage of the open workspace environment and use osmotic communication. What is osmotic communication?
Planned quiet periods A polite form of eavesdropping A three-way dialogue Ad hoc team meetings
Osmotic communication is a form of polite eavesdropping and is used within the Crystal method. It occurs when there are conversations going on in the background but are within earshot of the team. Team members overhear conversations and may realize the topic has importance to the project.
An Agile approach can alleviate issues that result when high uncertainty exists. Which of the following is an example of a pain point that Agile addresses under these circumstances? Select 3
Low defects Unclear purpose Unclear requirements Technical debt
Project teams may experience many pain points when a project contains a high degree of uncertainty, change, and complexity. Agile approaches directly address these pain points by performing activities such as creating clear team charters (i.e., vision, mission), among other activities. Examples of pain points include unclear purpose, unclear requirements, technical debt, and high defects.
On-demand scheduling is one of the techniques used in agile projects. This type of scheduling relies on:
- A backlog or intermediate queue of work to be done.
- Skills of the project manager rather than the skills of the team.
- A schedule that was developed previously for the development of the project increments.
- Discretionary dependencies that cannot be changed by the project team.
- A backlog or intermediate queue of work to be done.
On-demand scheduling does not rely on a schedule that was developed previously for the development of the product or product increments, but rather pulls work from a backlog or intermediate queue of work to be done immediately as resources become available.
A number of teams are developing an enterprise system using the agile approach for product development. Which of the following is a major risk item for such a complex project being performed in an agile environment?
Number and size of teams developing the larger features. Number of interconnected dependencies between the features developed by different teams. Scope definition and freezing early during the planning phase. Emphasis on schedule control over risk management.
In adaptive life cycles, when multiple teams are concurrently developing a large number of features, the interconnected dependencies between the features become a major risk item.
In flow-based Agile, what questions are teams likely to pose during stand-ups? Select two
What am I planning to complete between now and the next stand-up? What do we need to finish as a team? What did I complete since the last stand-up? In anyone working on anything that is not on the board?
In flow-based Agile, the focus is on the team’s throughput. Questions posed during stand-ups include the following: What do we need to do to advance this piece of work? Is anyone working on anything that is not on the board? What do we need to finish as a team? Are there any bottlenecks or blockers to the flow of work?
Which of the following influences the use of Agile approaches?
Organization’s culture Maturity of an organization Knowledge of project management methodologies Existence of a PMO
An organization’s culture heavily influences the type of project management approaches adopted by project teams and how Agile approaches are used. For example, startup environments tend to operate in a lean fashion, opting to fail fast and iterate to produce results quickly.
In a flow-based agile approach, which of the following questions would you ask at the daily stand-up meeting? (Choose two.)
- Are tasks being worked that are not on the board?
- What did I accomplish yesterday?
- What is needed to advance this task?
- What will I work on today?
- Are there any roadblocks preventing me from doing my work?
In a flow-based approach, this question would ask whether there are bottlenecks or roadblocks in the workflow.
In iteration-based Agile, what questions will the team pose during daily stand-ups? Select three
What did I complete since the last stand-up? What are my impediments? What do we need to finish as a team? What will I complete between now and the next stand-up?
Daily stand-ups encourage the team to remain self-organized and hold each other accountable for completing work that they have committed to. Whereas iteration-based Agile focuses on accountability, flow-based Agile focuses on the team’s throughput.
Agile project management can best be described as which of the following?
- An underlying concept that shows the integrative nature of the process groups that notes that each element in the life cycle is results-oriented
- A method of managing projects in small, incremental portions of work that can be easily assigned, easily managed, and completed within a short period of time
- A method of managing projects through large portions of work that can be easily planned and executed to produce the overall product, service, or result of the project
- A method that focuses on defining the requirements of the project early on in the project life cycle, before moving into execution
Agile project management is a methodology that manages projects through iterations of work; it allows the team to quickly adapt to new requirements and allows for continual assessment of goals, deliverables, and functionality of the product, service, or result of the project.
The agile technique of on-demand scheduling is not suitable when:
The use of a predictive lifecycle is mandated by the customer. Project tasks can be bundled by size and scope. Project requirements can be decomposed into smaller chunks that are relatively similar in size and scope. Product deliverables can be incrementally developed.
If the use of a predictive lifecycle is mandated by the customer, no other project life cycles can be selected. Hence most of the agile techniques will be inapplicable in those scenarios.
Which of the following best describes the role of a cross-functional team member within an Agile team?
- The individual with decision-making authority who authorizes and releases team member assignments
- The individual who guides and coaches the team, sometimes referred to as Scrum master, project manager, or team coach
- The individual responsible for guiding the direction of the product
- Individuals who possess the skills necessary to produce a working product
There are three common roles used in Agile teams: cross-functional team member, product owner, and team facilitator.
You are using a burnup chart to visually provide information about project progress to the agile team. Which of the following are true regarding a burnup chart? Select three
Accuracy depends on the accuracy of the team's estimates. It can't tell you if you are working on the right things. This shows the completed work for the iteration or project. This is a type of capacity measure.
A burndown chart shows the work remaining for the iteration; a burnup chart shows the completed work.
During a demo and review meeting, the progress report shows that an agile project is not on track. The project manager is surprised, because all work was purposely selected and sequenced to meet higher-level objectives. What should the project manager have done to prevent this miscommunication?
Created a contingency reserve Trained and mentored the team on using the agile approach Engaged the team to record the agile progress reporting system Encouraged the team to self organize and provide buy-in to the project
For Agile projects, rather than a project manager selecting and sequencing work, higher level objectives are explained and the team members are empowered to self-organize specific tasks as a group to best meet those objectives. This leads to the creation of practical plans with high levels of buy-in from the team members.
Servant leaders are practicing role models of Agile practices. How do servant leaders approach their work? (select three)
- They focus on people by working with the team to create an environment where all can succeed.
- They focus on purpose by working with the team to define the “why.”
- They focus on outcomes by measuring progress against planned results.
- They focus on process by looking for the results.
Servant leaders engage the team and take on a selfless view by serving others. They do this by approaching their work in the following order: purpose, people, and process.
When an agile team is communicating, several meetings occur including a daily stand-up. Which of the following options are true regarding the daily stand-up in an agile methodology? (Choose two.)
Stand-ups are intended to examine what is going well, and not so well, with the iteration. Iteration-based stand-ups focus on team members. Stand-ups are intended to examine the work of the project and note corrections that are needed for the next iteration. Flow-based stand-ups focus on team capacity and workflow.
Other options describes a review meeting and a retrospective meeting.
Which of the following agile methodologies are a type of pull system? (Choose two.)
XP Lean Six Sigma Scrum Kanban Kaizen
Scrum and Kanban are considered pull systems because user stories are moved from one point in the process to the next, thereby freeing up space to pull other user stories from the backlog.
A Scrum master brings the team together at 9 a.m. sharp every morning. He asks the team the following questions: What did you accomplish yesterday? What will you work on today? Do you have any roadblocks or issues preventing you from doing your work? What activity is the team engaged in?
A Scrum meeting A daily roundup A status meeting A sprint planning meeting
The question describes a daily stand-up, referred to as a Daily Scrum meeting. These meetings are typically held at the same time and place every day and are time-boxed to typically no more than 15 minutes. The purpose is to keep the team informed and alert the Scrum master of any obstacles in the way of completing tasks.
You work for a small software development firm and use agile methodologies on all your projects. You learned that your company is being bought out by a larger company. The good news is that everyone on staff will retain their jobs with the new company, but your existing company will cease to exist. You are managing several projects that will be impacted by this. Which of the following are true regarding this? Select three
- Your organization is undergoing an acquisition.
- You should assess and prioritize the impact of these changes to the projects and develop recommendations and action items and communicate them to the new management team.
- This is a type of external business environment change.
- Your organization is undergoing a merger.
This question describes an acquisition. Acquisitions usually involve large companies buying or acquiring smaller companies and the smaller company ceases to exist. A merger occurs when two organizations agree to form a new business entity
You have been assigned a new project and meet with your manager to discuss it further. The PMO organization has been on a journey over the past six months to become an Agile PMO. Your manager shares that the new project should be managed using an adaptive approach to support the direction of the team. He further clarifies that the project will be highly constraint-driven with a strong focus on quality and time and that the executive team expects incremental builds. Which of the following adaptive approaches should you use to manage this project?
Crystal Clear Feature Driven Development Dynamic Systems Development Method Agile Unified Process
This Agile methodology is grounded in governance framework that combines the iterative and incremental approaches. At the onset of the project, DDSM establishes the cost of the project, the quality standards, and the timeframe to completion and, as such, is constraint-driven.
Marysil is an enterprise project manager for Cups on Fire. She is managing the implementation of an enterprise relationship management system using a hybrid of waterfall and Scrum. This is the most complex project the team has undertaken to date. For this reason, she puts careful attention to risk management activities. She recently learned that a risk had materialized and become an issue. Because of the nature of the issue, Marysil will need to follow the escalation process to inform the appropriate individuals. Where will she need to look in order to find the escalation processes?
Risk management plan Issue log Communications management plan Project management plan
The communications management plan describes how communication throughout the project will be planned, structured, implemented, and monitored for effectiveness. It is a component of the broader project management plan. One of the elements captured within the communications management plan includes the escalation processes.
Marysil is an enterprise project manager for Cups on Fire. She is managing the implementation of an enterprise relationship management system using a hybrid of waterfall and Scrum. This is the most complex project the team has undertaken to date. For this reason, she puts careful attention to risk management activities. She recently learned that a risk had materialized and become an issue, with the team missing early warning signs that could have increased the response to the situation. The sponsor of the project asks Marysil to debrief him on the situation and to provide a summary of overall project risk. What document will Marysil review with the sponsor?
Assumptions log Risk register Risk report Risk management plan
The risk report contains a summary of identified project risks and sources of overall project risk.
Your project has a high degree of uncertainty about the project requirements. You decide to use an agile approach to manage the project in order to achieve which of the following?
Decrease the risk of rework Increase knowledge among cross-functional team members, which helps them understand and manage risks Produce accurate requirements in a faster timeframe than in a predictive methodology Reduce risk and maximize business delivery All of the above
All of the options are benefits of using an agile approach to manage projects with high degrees of uncertainty.
One key characteristic of adaptive lifecycles, such as the agile approach for product development, is that product features are developed using:
Time-boxed periods of work Squeezed periods of zero-error sprints Reverse engineered products Sandwiched periods of effort
In adaptive life cycles, the requirements are documented in user stories that are then prioritized and refined. The product features are developed using time-boxed periods of work.
You are considering using an agile approach to conduct your project. The organization’s culture is open to new ideas and supports honesty and transparency. They use KPI measurements to evaluate success. Which of the following statements are true?
- Culture directly influences the type of agile methodology you’ll choose to manage the project.
- Organizations that use KPI measurements and allow teams to experiment on noncritical projects and learn from failure can transform the culture and the methodologies used to manage projects.
- Culture has a significant influence on the organization.
- Agile works well in the type of culture described in the question.
- All of the above.
- Peter Drucker stated, “Culture eats strategy for breakfast.
All of the options are true.
Alyssa is a project manager tasked with managing an infrastructure project that will consolidate five data centers into one. She is using a waterfall approach to carry out initial planning activities and will execute the work using an Agile-based approach. Currently, she is facilitating the estimating process to calculate the duration of the project’s activities. When she gets to the “run cable” activity, one team member tells her that in a past similar project, they ran a similar length of cable in 13 hours; another team member tells her that they can run 110 meters of cable per hour. The team will need to run a total of 1,320 meters of cable. Using the analogous estimating technique, how many hours will it take the team to run the cable?
9 10 12 13
The analogous estimating technique is a form of expert judgment, which uses the actual duration of a similar activity completed on a previous project to determine the duration of the current activity. This means that Alyssa would rely on feedback from the subject-matter expert who noted that in a past similar project it took 13 hours to complete a similar activity.
You are the project manager for a project that will produce a mobile phone application that sends alerts when UV rays are at dangerous levels, alerting users to stay indoors. Your team has recently adopted Agile, and you have modeled your approach on that of a servant leader. Which of the following characteristics are you likely to follow? Select 3
Coaching Promoting self-awareness Controlling Listening
Servant leaders enable teams to be more Agile and play the important role of facilitating the team’s success. According to the Agile Practice Guide, characteristics of a servant leader include promoting self-awareness, listening, serving the team, helping others grow, coaching versus controlling, promoting safety/respect/trust, and promoting the energy and intelligence of others.
All of the following are Agile and Lean frameworks except for which one?
eXtreme Programming Crystal Methods Waterfall Scrumban
Waterfall is a methodology that follows a predictive life cycle. While there are many Agile and Lean frameworks, the Agile Practice Guide addresses the following: Scrum, eXtreme Programming, Kanban Method, Crystal Methods, Scrumban, Feature-Driven Development, Dynamic Systems Development Method, and Agile Unified Process.
You are working on an Agile project that is most concerned about providing finished deliverables that the customer may use immediately. Which development life cycle are you most likely to use?
Predictive Incremental Agile Iterative
An incremental life cycle focuses on completing deliverables by the end of each iteration so that it may be turned over to the customer for use.
You are guiding your organization through the adoption of an Agile approach and are also teaching project managers about servant leadership. A tenured project manager approaches you and asks how this will change his role and approach to managing the team. How should you respond?
- The emphasis will now be on allowing the team to make their own decisions and set their own goals by taking a more hands-off approach.
- The emphasis will now be on fostering a collaborative environment and serving as an inspiration to the team that will be executing the work.
- The emphasis will now be on reducing the impact of change by stressing the collection of requirements early on within the project’s life cycle.
- The emphasis will now be on coaching team members, distributing responsibility to the team, and fostering a collaborative environment
When taking on a servant leadership approach, project managers shift to emphasize coaching those open to the help, fostering high collaboration across the team, aligning stakeholder needs, and encouraging the distribution of responsibility to the team.
Sue is the head of an Agile PMO. She delivers a presentation at the annual company meeting to describe her role’s responsibilities and the value of the PMO. As part of her presentation, Sue delivers an award to a project manager for exhibiting strength in defining critical success factors of the project, facilitating iteration planning, and knowing when to ask for help. What skill set is she recognizing the project manager for?
Leadership skills Technical project management skills Business management and strategic skills Communication skills
The question describes technical project management skills, which is one of three categories of skill set that make up the PMI Talent Triangle®. The PMBOK® Guide – Sixth Edition defines technical project management skills as the knowledge, skills, and behaviors related to specific domains of project, program, and portfolio management.
When evaluating whether to adopt a predictive, Agile, or hybrid approach, what three categories can an organization assess suitability against? Select 3
Team Industry Culture Project
There are various Agile suitability filters and/or models available that help determine whether an organization would benefit from adopting Agile approaches. A broad model presented within the Agile Practice Guide assesses organizations against three categories: culture (i.e., does the environment support the approach?), team (i.e., is the team of a suitable size?), and project (i.e., are there high rates of change?).
Waterfall, Agile, and PRINCE2 are all examples of what?
Project management tools and techniques Methods of managing a project A set of project management standards Global practices for managing projects
Waterfall, Agile, and PRINCE2 are examples of methodologies used to manage projects.
This methodology is a hybrid of two Agile approaches, where the work is organized in sprints and uses a board to display the work of the sprint and monitor work in progress.
Dynamic Systems Development Method eXtreme Programming Scrumfall Scrumban
Scrumban is a hybrid methodology that combines Scrum and Kanban. The idea is that the work is organized in sprints, as in traditional Scrum, but uses a Kanban board to display the work of the sprint and monitor work in progress.
Which of the following is an agile prototyping technique showing sequence or navigation through a series of images or illustrations:
Storyboarding Decision trees Mind mapping Nominal group technique
Storyboarding is an agile prototyping technique that shows sequence or navigation through a series of images or illustrations. The rest of the choices are graphical techniques designed to achieve other objectives.
Which of the following best describes the servant leadership approach used in Agile projects?
The practice of installing one clear leader, with team members serving as followers The practice of focusing on understanding and addressing the needs and development of team members The practice of one individual directing the team to provide clear and concise direction The practice of generating work through iterations, with one leader clearly prominent
According to the Agile Practice Guide, servant leadership is the practice of leading through service to the team by focusing on developing team members and understanding and addressing their needs to generate the greatest possible performance.
This type of leader leads the team in learning and maturing agile practices. They promote emotional intelligence and selfawareness, they are good listeners, put the needs of others first, help team members improve their skills, they coach and mentor, encourage safety, encourage respectful behaviors, build trust among the team, and promote the skills and intelligence of others. Which of the following leadership styles does this question describe and what are the three steps, in order, they use to help the team learn and mature agile processes? (Choose two.)
This question describes a servant leader. This type of leader takes these steps in this order: people, purpose, and process. This question describes a democratic leader. This type of leader takes these three steps in this order: purpose, people, process.
This question describes a servant leader. They take three steps to ensure the team learns and matures the agile process: purpose, people, process.
Which of the following reflect ideal characteristics of Agile teams? Select 3
Range in size from three to nine team members Facilitate daily status meetings Dedicated 100 percent to project Colocated
The most effective Agile teams tend to range from three to nine team members in size, are colocated, and are able to dedicate 100 percent of their time to the team and work at hand. Agile teams typically have daily stand-up meetings versus daily status meetings.
Your Scrum team’s velocity rate is 24 story points per iteration. There are 165 total story points. Which of the following statements are true regarding this question? (Choose two.)
Velocity is used to estimate the capacity of the Scrum team. The project needs seven iterations to complete all of the work of the project. This information can be tracked on a burndown chart. A Kanban board can display this information.
Velocity is used to determine how long it will take to complete the work of the iteration. It measures the speed with which the team progresses, not capacity. Kanban boards display work based on capacity. Velocity is time bound.
Agile teams favor which type of performance measurement? Select two
Empirical measurements Value-based measurements Predictive measurements Cost efficiency measurements
Agile teams focus on measuring value and what the team delivers versus what the team predicted it would deliver. Measurements tend to be empirical and value-based in nature.
Which of the following reflect principles listed in the Agile Manifesto? Select 3
The best architectures, requirements, and designs emerge from teams that are directed by strong leaders. Our highest priority is to satisfy the customer through early and continuous delivery of valuable software. Working software is the primary measure of progress. Simplicity—the art of maximizing the amount of work not done—is essential.
The Agile Manifesto for Software Development was published in 2001 by thought leaders in the software industry. The intent was to propose a new way of developing software. It consists of 12 principles and 4 key values.
Agile project life cycle methodologies are characterized by which of the following? (Choose three.)
This methodology is used primarily in the software development industry but can be applied across other industry areas. Using a step-by-step process where one task is completed followed by another. Dividing tasks into small deliverables that can be completed in a short time frame. This methodology allows the project team to quickly adapt to new requirements and receive continuous feedback.
The rest one describes the waterfall, or predictive, process.
Agile release planning provides a high-level summary timeline of the release schedule based on the project roadmap. Agile release planning also determines the number of iterations required for the product development. These iterations are also known as: Select one Mark question Kanbans Epics Phases Sprints
Agile release planning determines the number of iterations required for the product development known as sprints.
When should Agile teams hold retrospectives?
Select three Mark question
At the start of the project
At the conclusion of an iteration or increment
When a major milestone is reached
When the team feels stuck
While retrospectives are often held at the conclusion of an iteration or increment, teams can facilitate retrospectives at various key points in a project to gain benefits. This includes situations where the team does not feel that the work is flowing well. While teams are not necessarily limited as to when retrospectives are held, they are typically used after the project work begins.
Alyssa is a project manager tasked with managing an infrastructure project that will consolidate five data centers into one. She has used a waterfall approach to carry out initial planning activities and is executing the work using an Agile-based approach. Recently, the sponsor has asked Alyssa to provide a forecasted date of project completion. To date, the team has managed to complete an average of 60 story points per iteration, and there are 420 remaining user story points left to complete. How many iterations will it take to complete the project work?
Select one Mark question
7 iterations
6 iterations
4 iterations
Cannot be determined, based on the information provided
If the team maintains a velocity of 60 story points per iteration, it would take seven iterations to complete the remaining 420 story points.
You work for a nonprofit organization and one of their charity efforts involves donating sewing machines to women in impoverished countries. The sewing machines come with a training program that instructs them on how to create simple patterns, use the sewing machine to create products, and, most importantly, how to manage a business. Your project involves developing the app-based training program that instructors will use when working with these women. Your team used a waterfall approach to gather requirements, develop the training module content, and create a draft-level project plan. They will be using the Scrum methodology to develop the app. The team members have not used Scrum before. Which of the following options are true regarding this question? Select one Mark question All are correct Ensure that the team members have a cross-functional set of skills, experiences, and personalities. You will help influence team member selection. This question describes a hybrid methodology, even though the team will be using Scrum to develop the app. Ensure that the team members have proper training in the Scrum methodology. Ideally, you should measure and assess their training success. They may feel some frustration at first as they embark on the Scrum methodology and in estimating user story work, so the product owner should work with the team to break down user stories that are too large or to reduce the number per iteration, and over time, the team will gain confidence in their estimating techniques.
The question describes a hybrid methodology because the planning was performed with a waterfall approach and development will use a Scrum methodology.
An Agile approach can alleviate issues that result when high uncertainty exists. Which of the following is an example of a pain point that Agile addresses under these circumstances? Select three Mark question Unclear requirements Low defects Technical debt Unclear purpose
Project teams may experience many pain points when a project contains a high degree of uncertainty, change, and complexity. Agile approaches directly address these pain points by performing activities such as creating clear team charters (i.e., vision, mission), among other activities. Examples of pain points include unclear purpose, unclear requirements, technical debt, and high defects.
All of the following are characteristics of the Agile life cycle except for which one?
Select one Mark question
Feedback is given with the purpose of better planning the next part of the project.
The team typically collaborates to finish the most important feature.
It combines both iterative and incremental approaches.
The team expects requirements to change.
In iterative and incremental project life cycles, feedback helps to better plan the next iteration of the project. In Agile projects, incremental delivery exposes requirements that are hidden or misunderstood.
Projects operating in agile environments where a high degree of uncertainty exists and where the scope is not yet fully defined, may not benefit from detailed cost calculations due to frequent changes. Instead, lightweight estimation methods can be used to generate a fast, high-level forecast of project labor costs, which can then be easily adjusted as changes arise. Detailed estimates are:
Select one Mark question
Reserved for short-term planning horizons in a just-in-time fashion.
Never developed in an agile project.
Only developed if the project stakeholders allow the project manager to do so.
Developed early during the project but are never updated due to frequent changes.
In agile/adaptive environments, detailed estimates are reserved for short-term planning horizons in a just-in-time fashion. The rest of the choices are incorrect.
You have been assigned a new project and meet with your manager to discuss it further. The PMO organization has been on a journey over the past six months to become an Agile PMO. Your manager shares that the new project should be managed using an adaptive approach to support the direction of the team. He further clarifies that the project will be highly constraint-driven with a strong focus on quality and time and that the executive team expects incremental builds. Which of the following adaptive approaches should you use to manage this project? Select one Mark question Dynamic Systems Development Method Crystal Clear Feature Driven Development Agile Unified Process
This Agile methodology is grounded in governance framework that combines the iterative and incremental approaches. At the onset of the project, DDSM establishes the cost of the project, the quality standards, and the timeframe to completion and, as such, is constraint-driven.
Which of the following are true regarding the Agile Manifesto? (Choose two.)
Select two Mark question
The focus is on the value to the customer.
It measures how efficiently the process was performed.
It is concerned with the quality of the deliverable.
Success is measured in incremental steps.
It is concerned with business process improvements.
The Agile Practice Guide (PMI®, 2017). focuses on value to the customer, not in measuring processes or the quality of deliverables. Success is measured in incremental steps.
On-demand scheduling is one of the techniques used in agile environments. This type of scheduling \_\_\_\_\_\_ work from a backlog as resources become available. Select one Mark question Extrapolates Pushes Predicts Pulls
On-demand scheduling is one of the techniques used in agile projects. This type of scheduling “pulls” work from a backlog as resources become available.
You are guiding your organization through the adoption of an Agile approach and are also teaching project managers about servant leadership. A tenured project manager approaches you and asks how this will change his role and approach to managing the team. How should you respond?
Select one Mark question
The emphasis will now be on allowing the team to make their own decisions and set their own goals by taking a more hands-off approach.
The emphasis will now be on coaching team members, distributing responsibility to the team, and fostering a collaborative environment.
The emphasis will now be on fostering a collaborative environment and serving as an inspiration to the team that will be executing the work.
The emphasis will now be on reducing the impact of change by stressing the collection of requirements early on within the project’s life cycle.
When taking on a servant leadership approach, project managers shift to emphasize coaching those open to the help, fostering high collaboration across the team, aligning stakeholder needs, and encouraging the distribution of responsibility to the team.
Which of the following reflect ideal characteristics of Agile teams?
Select three Mark question
Facilitate daily status meetings
Colocated
Range in size from three to nine team members
Dedicated 100 percent to project
The most effective Agile teams tend to range from three to nine team members in size, are colocated, and are able to dedicate 100 percent of their time to the team and work at hand. Agile teams typically have daily stand-up meetings versus daily status meetings.
How does time-boxing help minimize scope creep in agile projects?
Select one Mark question
It forces the team to convert the user stories into epics.
It forces the sponsor to allocate a Scrum master who helps in eliminating scope creep.
It forces the team to create project WBS using the user stories.
It forces the team to process essential features first, then other features
Time-boxed periods are durations during which the team works steadily toward completion of a goal. Time-boxing helps to minimize scope creep as it forces the teams to process essential features first, then other features when time permits.
Match the following types of tests that are used on agile-based software projects to their description.
End to end test - This test is performed on individual modules or individual components of source code.
Regression test - Testing the software from the start to the end to ensure the application is working correctly.
Unit test - This test is performed after changes are made to the code or when maintenance activities are performed on the hardware the code resides on to ensure the software works the same way it did before the change.
Smoke test - This test combines software modules and tests them as a group.
Integration test - A high-level test designed to identify simple failures that could jeopardize the software program.
Testing at all levels is a concept used in Extreme Programming, and other agile methodologies, to expose issues and problems early in the coding process.
Name the difference between the agile iterative approach and the agile incremental approach as discussed in the Agile Practice Guide (PMI®, 2017).
Select one Mark question
Incremental uses prototypes and iterative helps in performing the work faster and in speeding up the project.
Iterative plans the work at the beginning of the project before starting work, and incremental plans the work at the beginning of each iteration.
Iterative uses prototypes and incremental helps in performing the work faster and speeding up the project.
Incremental focuses on learning optimization and iterative focuses on speed of delivery.
The iterative approach uses prototypes and mockups produced in time-bound periods such as sprints. The incremental approach produces usable deliverables at the end of the workflow, which helps in performing the work faster and speeds up the project. The incremental approach focuses on speed of delivery and the iterative approach focuses on learning optimization.
Your project has a high degree of uncertainty about the project requirements. You decide to use an agile approach to manage the project in order to achieve which of the following?
Select one Mark question
Produce accurate requirements in a faster timeframe than in a predictive methodology
All of the above
Increase knowledge among cross-functional team members, which helps them understand and manage risks
Decrease the risk of rework
Reduce risk and maximize business delivery
All of the options are benefits of using an agile approach to manage projects with high degrees of uncertainty.
Match the Agile approach with its description.
Matching Mark question
Kanban - Allows for continuous flow of work and value to the customer. This approach is less prescriptive and pulls single items through the process continuously.
eXtreme programming - A software development method based on frequent cycles. This approach attempts to distill a best practice into its simplest and purest form and then applies that practice continuously.
Feature-driven development - Used to meet the needs of a large software development project. This approach revolves around six core roles and is organized around five activities that are performed iteratively.
Scrum - Used for software projects and features accelerated cycles and less heavyweight processes. This approach focuses on performing more iterative cycles across seven key disciplines and incorporates feedback before formal delivery.
Agile unified process - A single-team process framework used to manage product development. This approach uses timeboxed sprints of one month or less and revolves around three core roles.
There are many variations of Agile approaches, including hybrid/ combination approaches (i.e., ScrumBan). Descriptions provided are derived from the Agile Practice Guide, which offers several descriptions and examples of a wide range of Agile approaches.
