Agile Flashcards
1
Q
This approach is based on lean-thinking principles and helps the team stay organized; it keeps team members collaborating and everyone informed:
A
Kanban method
2
Q
These types of measurements can provide the team with an understanding of how much more work they have and whether they will finish on time.
A
Burnup charts, burndown charts, lead time, and cycle time
3
Q
This ——— defines whether waterfall, iterative, adaptive, agile, or a hybrid development approach will be used on the project.
A
Development approach
4
Q
The Agile Manifesto lists four values
A
- individuals and interactions over processes and tools
- working software over comprehensive documentation
- customer collaboration over contract negotiation
- Responding to change over following a plan.
5
Q
Which of the following are underlying success factors for forming Agile teams? Select 3
Building a foundational trust
Safe working environment
Agile mindset
Building a strong network
A
Building a foundational trust
Safe working environment
Agile mindset
6
Q
Which of the following are a type of agile project management methodology primarily used for information technology projects? (Choose two.)
Kaizen
XP
Scrum
Six Sigma
A
Scrum and Extreme Programming (XP) are agile project management methodologies that are used in the information technology field
7
Q
In a flow-based agile approach, which of the following questions would you ask at the daily stand-up meeting?
What is needed to advance this task?
What did I accomplish yesterday?
Are there any roadblocks preventing me from doing my work?
Are tasks being worked that are not on the board?
What will I work on today?
A
In a flow-based approach, this question would ask whether there are bottlenecks or roadblocks in the workflow.
8
Q
An agile team’s social contract likely addresses which of the following?
Team assignments Group norms Team values Ground rules
A
team values, working agreements, ground rules, and group norms
9
Q
Sue leads a PMO that is in the process of shifting the organization from using predictive to more adaptive approaches to delivering project outcomes. During an Agile training session for her organization, a team member asks, “How many people are on a project team?” What response is Sue likely to provide?
10–15.
1–5.
There is no set number.
3–9.
A
3–9.
10
Q
You have been assigned a new project and meet with your manager to discuss it further. The PMO organization has been on a journey over the past six months to become an Agile PMO. Your manager shares that the new project should be managed using an adaptive approach to support the direction of the team. He further clarifies that the project will be highly constraint-driven with a strong focus on quality and time and that the executive team expects incremental builds. Which of the following adaptive approaches should you use to manage this project?
Crystal Clear Agile Unified Process Dynamic Systems Development Method Feature Driven Development
A
DDSM establishes the cost of the project, the quality standards, and the timeframe to completion and, as such, is constraint-driven.
11
Q
You are a project manager working within a division that recently experienced a reorganization. During a staff meeting, you learn that division leadership announced shifting technology to the cloud as the top strategic priority. You have been managing a project using an Agile approach, and you know this has a direct impact on your project. What are you likely to do next?
Assess the impact to the backlog and refine the backlog with the help of the team
Cancel the project and submit a new project that will properly address the updated scope
Sit down with the sponsor to assess the impact and proceed with the change management process
Meet with division leadership to obtain an exception against going to the cloud
A
Assess the impact to the backlog and refine the backlog with the help of the team
12
Q
What questions should a team ask when developing an implementation strategy using an Agile mindset? Select two
- How can the project team act in an Agile manner?
- What work can be avoided in order to focus on high-priority items?
- How can the team finalize clear requirements early?
- How can the team avoid changes to maintain progress against the plan?
A
- How can the project team act in an Agile manner?
- What can the team deliver quickly and obtain early feedback about to benefit the next delivery cycle?
- How can the team act in a transparent manner?
- What work can be avoided in order to focus on high-priority items?
- How can a servantleadership approach benefit the achievement of the team’s goals?
13
Q
According to the Agile Manifesto, which of the following should be more highly valued than contract negotiation?
Simplicity
Satisfying the customer using continuous delivery
Customer collaboration
Using motivated individuals to deliver business value
A
Customer collaboration
14
Q
An Agile project team builds their schedule by pulling features from the backlog reflected on a task board as capacity to take on work becomes available. In some cases, a feature may take two weeks to complete, while in others, it takes more. What type of delivery method does this describe?
Scrum Waterfall Iteration-based Agile Flow-based Agile
A
Flow-based Agile - A team using a flow-based agile approach, such as Kanban, focuses on developing prioritized features from the backlog. As capacity opens, the team pulls the next feature from the backlog and shifts it to the next column of the task board. They work on the feature until it is complete and then move on to the next one.
15
Q
Which of the following predictive project management techniques resembles an agile approach:
Rolling wave planning
Developing the project management plan
Developing the WBS
Earned value analysis
A
Rolling wave planning resembles agile approaches since it allows the project management team to wait until the deliverables or subcomponents are agreed on, so the details of the WBS can be developed.
16
Q
You are using an agile project management methodology to deliver business value. During each iteration, you and the team members are breaking down tasks into tangible components that have enough features and functionality to allow the customer to examine value and provide feedback to the team. Which of the following are true regarding this question when using a Scrum methodology? (Choose two.)
- The project team will manage and prioritize the product backlog and choose the user stories for the upcoming iteration that can be broken down to the minimum viable product.
- The product owner will determine whether business value has been achieved.
- You are creating the minimum viable product.
- The Scrum master will assist the team in breaking down the user stories and assign each team member tasks for the upcoming iteration.
A
The product owner will determine whether business value has been achieved.
You are creating the minimum viable product.
17
Q
Which of the following agile methodologies are a type of pull system? (Choose two.)
Lean Kanban Scrum Six Sigma XP Kaizen
A
Scrum and Kanban are considered pull systems because user stories are moved from one point in the process to the next, thereby freeing up space to pull other user stories from the backlog.
18
Q
Which of the following reflect ideal characteristics of Agile teams? Select 3
Facilitate daily status meetings Dedicated 100 percent to project Range in size from three to nine team members Colocated
A
Dedicated 100 percent to project
Range in size from three to nine team members
Colocated
19
Q
This methodology uses an iterative-based Agile approach. It is a single-team framework that is primarily used to manage product development. At the end of each iteration, the team facilitates a meeting to review what went well and ideas for improvement. Which methodology does this describe, and what technique is this question referring to? Select two
Scrum Sprint review Sprint retrospective Kanban
A
Scrum
Sprint retrospective
20
Q
Sue is leading the transformation of her PMO from a directive PMO to an Agile PMO. What characteristics is Sue likely to highlight when describing the Agile PMO to the company’s leadership team? Select three
- The Agile PMO is invitation-oriented.
- The Agile PMO is solution-oriented.
- The Agile PMO is value-driven.
- The Agile PMO is multidisciplinary.
A
The Agile PMO is invitation-oriented.
The Agile PMO is value-driven.
The Agile PMO is multidisciplinary.
21
Q
You are a lead project manager for a company that develops and manufactures healthcare devices. Your team has recently begun to adopt Agile practices after receiving the directive from the division president. What power type is at play in this scenario?
Legitimate Referent Expert Punishment
A
Legitimate power, also referred to as formal power, comes about as a result of someone’s position or formal title. In this case, the division president’s directive carries a heavy influence due to her position.
22
Q
Agile practices promote dedicated team members. When this is not the case, team members must multitask and experience productivity losses. On average, what range of productivity loss occurs?
50 percent to 75 percent 0 percent to 10 percent 15 percent to 30 percent 20 percent to 40 percent
A
20 percent to 40 percent
23
Q
You are using an agile approach to deliver business value incrementally. What other elements of business value should you be focused on? (Choose two)
- Examining business value throughout the project
- Discussing business value with the project sponsor, recording it in the project charter, and expecting project team members and stakeholders to refer to this periodically
- Accepting suggestions about delivering incremental business value and ensuring that business value is achieved when the project is complete
- Reporting on business value only at the end of the project
A
- Examining business value throughout the project
- Accepting suggestions about delivering incremental business value and ensuring that business value is achieved when the project is complete
24
Q
Which of the following contracts should you use for agile projects that will be priced based on user stories?
Graduated time and materials Fixed-price increments Multitiered structure Dynamic scope
A
Fixed-price increments are contracts used on agile projects that are based on breaking down the work into user stories, rather than pricing the contract as a whole.
25
Name the difference between the agile iterative approach and the agile incremental approach as discussed in the Agile Practice Guide (PMI®, 2017).
1. Iterative uses prototypes and incremental helps in performing the work faster and speeding up the project.
2. Incremental focuses on learning optimization and iterative focuses on speed of delivery.
3. Incremental uses prototypes and iterative helps in performing the work faster and in speeding up the project.
4. Iterative plans the work at the beginning of the project before starting work, and incremental plans the work at the beginning of each iteration.
The iterative approach uses prototypes and mockups produced in time-bound periods such as sprints. The incremental approach produces usable deliverables at the end of the workflow, which helps in performing the work faster and speeds up the project. The incremental approach focuses on speed of delivery and the iterative approach focuses on learning optimization.
26
Kaylee has been managing projects for more than a decade and has largely used the waterfall method. She has recently taken a new job for a company that builds software for mobile devices and has begun studying the Agile method, which is largely used by this company. She begins by studying the Agile principles. What is the formalized document called that identifies 12 principles of the Agile approach?
Agile Principles
Agile Charter
Agile Manifesto
Book of Agile
The Agile Manifesto identifies 12 principles that describe the Agile approach. It came about through a group of software developers who came together in 2001 to formalize the Agile approach.
27
Which of the following best describes an Agile life cycle?
1. An approach that focuses on generating feedback early to improve and modify the work
2. An approach that is a blend of iterative and incremental and that refines and delivers frequently
3. An approach that generates finished deliverables that the customer may be able to use immediately
4. A traditional approach where the majority of planning occurs up front, followed by execution
An Agile life cycle consists of a blend of iterative and incremental approaches, which focuses on refining the work to deliver outcomes more frequently. An Agile life cycle has dynamic requirements that focus on customer value.
28
Directing project work on an agile project consists of several steps. Match the following steps with their descriptions.
Agile projects typically follow a workflow that consists of defining the product backlog, holding planning meetings, conducting daily stand-ups, holding review meetings, and conducting retrospectives.
29
Julie is a product manager responsible for a line of smart water bottles that connect to a mobile app to capture data and provide suggestions regarding your drinking habits. Julie meets with the Scrum team to talk through a major issue that threatens the latest release. Together, the team decides to focus collectively on the issue at hand until it is resolved. What is this an example of?
Swarming
Value-focused work
Issue management
Collaboration
Swarming is a strategy where the team, or several team members, focus collectively on resolving a blocker.
30
A product owner calls the Scrum master and requests to see the remaining work effort for the sprint. What is the Scrum master likely to show the product owner in response?
A bubble chart
A sprint summary chart
A burndown chart
A status report
A burndown chart shows the time remaining for the sprint and displays the time period of the sprint on the horizontal axis and the backlog items on the vertical axis.
31
Tom is a project manager working for a reputable editorial agency specializing in exam preparation. He and his team use Agile approaches to manage projects. Because of the company’s growth, three new project managers have been hired, and Tom has stepped up to mentor the new hires. During a mentoring session, Tom advises that the team take advantage of the open workspace environment and use osmotic communication. What is osmotic communication?
Planned quiet periods
A polite form of eavesdropping
A three-way dialogue
Ad hoc team meetings
Osmotic communication is a form of polite eavesdropping and is used within the Crystal method. It occurs when there are conversations going on in the background but are within earshot of the team. Team members overhear conversations and may realize the topic has importance to the project.
32
An Agile approach can alleviate issues that result when high uncertainty exists. Which of the following is an example of a pain point that Agile addresses under these circumstances? Select 3
Low defects
Unclear purpose
Unclear requirements
Technical debt
Project teams may experience many pain points when a project contains a high degree of uncertainty, change, and complexity. Agile approaches directly address these pain points by performing activities such as creating clear team charters (i.e., vision, mission), among other activities. Examples of pain points include unclear purpose, unclear requirements, technical debt, and high defects.
33
On-demand scheduling is one of the techniques used in agile projects. This type of scheduling relies on:
1. A backlog or intermediate queue of work to be done.
2. Skills of the project manager rather than the skills of the team.
3. A schedule that was developed previously for the development of the project increments.
3. Discretionary dependencies that cannot be changed by the project team.
1. A backlog or intermediate queue of work to be done.
On-demand scheduling does not rely on a schedule that was developed previously for the development of the product or product increments, but rather pulls work from a backlog or intermediate queue of work to be done immediately as resources become available.
34
A number of teams are developing an enterprise system using the agile approach for product development. Which of the following is a major risk item for such a complex project being performed in an agile environment?
Number and size of teams developing the larger features.
Number of interconnected dependencies between the features developed by different teams.
Scope definition and freezing early during the planning phase.
Emphasis on schedule control over risk management.
In adaptive life cycles, when multiple teams are concurrently developing a large number of features, the interconnected dependencies between the features become a major risk item.
35
In flow-based Agile, what questions are teams likely to pose during stand-ups? Select two
What am I planning to complete between now and the next stand-up?
What do we need to finish as a team?
What did I complete since the last stand-up?
In anyone working on anything that is not on the board?
In flow-based Agile, the focus is on the team’s throughput. Questions posed during stand-ups include the following: What do we need to do to advance this piece of work? Is anyone working on anything that is not on the board? What do we need to finish as a team? Are there any bottlenecks or blockers to the flow of work?
36
Which of the following influences the use of Agile approaches?
Organization’s culture
Maturity of an organization
Knowledge of project management methodologies
Existence of a PMO
An organization’s culture heavily influences the type of project management approaches adopted by project teams and how Agile approaches are used. For example, startup environments tend to operate in a lean fashion, opting to fail fast and iterate to produce results quickly.
37
In a flow-based agile approach, which of the following questions would you ask at the daily stand-up meeting? (Choose two.)
1. Are tasks being worked that are not on the board?
2. What did I accomplish yesterday?
3. What is needed to advance this task?
4. What will I work on today?
5. Are there any roadblocks preventing me from doing my work?
In a flow-based approach, this question would ask whether there are bottlenecks or roadblocks in the workflow.
38
In iteration-based Agile, what questions will the team pose during daily stand-ups? Select three
What did I complete since the last stand-up?
What are my impediments?
What do we need to finish as a team?
What will I complete between now and the next stand-up?
Daily stand-ups encourage the team to remain self-organized and hold each other accountable for completing work that they have committed to. Whereas iteration-based Agile focuses on accountability, flow-based Agile focuses on the team’s throughput.
39
Agile project management can best be described as which of the following?
1. An underlying concept that shows the integrative nature of the process groups that notes that each element in the life cycle is results-oriented
2. A method of managing projects in small, incremental portions of work that can be easily assigned, easily managed, and completed within a short period of time
3. A method of managing projects through large portions of work that can be easily planned and executed to produce the overall product, service, or result of the project
4. A method that focuses on defining the requirements of the project early on in the project life cycle, before moving into execution
Agile project management is a methodology that manages projects through iterations of work; it allows the team to quickly adapt to new requirements and allows for continual assessment of goals, deliverables, and functionality of the product, service, or result of the project.
40
The agile technique of on-demand scheduling is not suitable when:
The use of a predictive lifecycle is mandated by the customer.
Project tasks can be bundled by size and scope.
Project requirements can be decomposed into smaller chunks that are relatively similar in size and scope.
Product deliverables can be incrementally developed.
If the use of a predictive lifecycle is mandated by the customer, no other project life cycles can be selected. Hence most of the agile techniques will be inapplicable in those scenarios.
41
Which of the following best describes the role of a cross-functional team member within an Agile team?
1. The individual with decision-making authority who authorizes and releases team member assignments
2. The individual who guides and coaches the team, sometimes referred to as Scrum master, project manager, or team coach
3. The individual responsible for guiding the direction of the product
4. Individuals who possess the skills necessary to produce a working product
There are three common roles used in Agile teams: cross-functional team member, product owner, and team facilitator.
42
You are using a burnup chart to visually provide information about project progress to the agile team. Which of the following are true regarding a burnup chart? Select three
Accuracy depends on the accuracy of the team's estimates.
It can't tell you if you are working on the right things.
This shows the completed work for the iteration or project.
This is a type of capacity measure.
A burndown chart shows the work remaining for the iteration; a burnup chart shows the completed work.
43
During a demo and review meeting, the progress report shows that an agile project is not on track. The project manager is surprised, because all work was purposely selected and sequenced to meet higher-level objectives. What should the project manager have done to prevent this miscommunication?
Created a contingency reserve
Trained and mentored the team on using the agile approach
Engaged the team to record the agile progress reporting system
Encouraged the team to self organize and provide buy-in to the project
For Agile projects, rather than a project manager selecting and sequencing work, higher level objectives are explained and the team members are empowered to self-organize specific tasks as a group to best meet those objectives. This leads to the creation of practical plans with high levels of buy-in from the team members.
44
Servant leaders are practicing role models of Agile practices. How do servant leaders approach their work? (select three)
1. They focus on people by working with the team to create an environment where all can succeed.
2. They focus on purpose by working with the team to define the “why.”
3. They focus on outcomes by measuring progress against planned results.
4. They focus on process by looking for the results.
Servant leaders engage the team and take on a selfless view by serving others. They do this by approaching their work in the following order: purpose, people, and process.
45
When an agile team is communicating, several meetings occur including a daily stand-up. Which of the following options are true regarding the daily stand-up in an agile methodology? (Choose two.)
Stand-ups are intended to examine what is going well, and not so well, with the iteration.
Iteration-based stand-ups focus on team members.
Stand-ups are intended to examine the work of the project and note corrections that are needed for the next iteration.
Flow-based stand-ups focus on team capacity and workflow.
Other options describes a review meeting and a retrospective meeting.
46
Which of the following agile methodologies are a type of pull system? (Choose two.)
```
XP
Lean
Six Sigma
Scrum
Kanban
Kaizen
```
Scrum and Kanban are considered pull systems because user stories are moved from one point in the process to the next, thereby freeing up space to pull other user stories from the backlog.
47
A Scrum master brings the team together at 9 a.m. sharp every morning. He asks the team the following questions: What did you accomplish yesterday? What will you work on today? Do you have any roadblocks or issues preventing you from doing your work? What activity is the team engaged in?
A Scrum meeting
A daily roundup
A status meeting
A sprint planning meeting
The question describes a daily stand-up, referred to as a Daily Scrum meeting. These meetings are typically held at the same time and place every day and are time-boxed to typically no more than 15 minutes. The purpose is to keep the team informed and alert the Scrum master of any obstacles in the way of completing tasks.
48
You work for a small software development firm and use agile methodologies on all your projects. You learned that your company is being bought out by a larger company. The good news is that everyone on staff will retain their jobs with the new company, but your existing company will cease to exist. You are managing several projects that will be impacted by this. Which of the following are true regarding this? Select three
1. Your organization is undergoing an acquisition.
2. You should assess and prioritize the impact of these changes to the projects and develop recommendations and action items and communicate them to the new management team.
3. This is a type of external business environment change.
4. Your organization is undergoing a merger.
This question describes an acquisition. Acquisitions usually involve large companies buying or acquiring smaller companies and the smaller company ceases to exist. A merger occurs when two organizations agree to form a new business entity
49
You have been assigned a new project and meet with your manager to discuss it further. The PMO organization has been on a journey over the past six months to become an Agile PMO. Your manager shares that the new project should be managed using an adaptive approach to support the direction of the team. He further clarifies that the project will be highly constraint-driven with a strong focus on quality and time and that the executive team expects incremental builds. Which of the following adaptive approaches should you use to manage this project?
Crystal Clear
Feature Driven Development
Dynamic Systems Development Method
Agile Unified Process
This Agile methodology is grounded in governance framework that combines the iterative and incremental approaches. At the onset of the project, DDSM establishes the cost of the project, the quality standards, and the timeframe to completion and, as such, is constraint-driven.
50
Marysil is an enterprise project manager for Cups on Fire. She is managing the implementation of an enterprise relationship management system using a hybrid of waterfall and Scrum. This is the most complex project the team has undertaken to date. For this reason, she puts careful attention to risk management activities. She recently learned that a risk had materialized and become an issue. Because of the nature of the issue, Marysil will need to follow the escalation process to inform the appropriate individuals. Where will she need to look in order to find the escalation processes?
Risk management plan
Issue log
Communications management plan
Project management plan
The communications management plan describes how communication throughout the project will be planned, structured, implemented, and monitored for effectiveness. It is a component of the broader project management plan. One of the elements captured within the communications management plan includes the escalation processes.
51
Marysil is an enterprise project manager for Cups on Fire. She is managing the implementation of an enterprise relationship management system using a hybrid of waterfall and Scrum. This is the most complex project the team has undertaken to date. For this reason, she puts careful attention to risk management activities. She recently learned that a risk had materialized and become an issue, with the team missing early warning signs that could have increased the response to the situation. The sponsor of the project asks Marysil to debrief him on the situation and to provide a summary of overall project risk. What document will Marysil review with the sponsor?
Assumptions log
Risk register
Risk report
Risk management plan
The risk report contains a summary of identified project risks and sources of overall project risk.
52
Your project has a high degree of uncertainty about the project requirements. You decide to use an agile approach to manage the project in order to achieve which of the following?
Decrease the risk of rework
Increase knowledge among cross-functional team members, which helps them understand and manage risks
Produce accurate requirements in a faster timeframe than in a predictive methodology
Reduce risk and maximize business delivery
All of the above
All of the options are benefits of using an agile approach to manage projects with high degrees of uncertainty.
53
One key characteristic of adaptive lifecycles, such as the agile approach for product development, is that product features are developed using:
Time-boxed periods of work
Squeezed periods of zero-error sprints
Reverse engineered products
Sandwiched periods of effort
In adaptive life cycles, the requirements are documented in user stories that are then prioritized and refined. The product features are developed using time-boxed periods of work.
54
You are considering using an agile approach to conduct your project. The organization's culture is open to new ideas and supports honesty and transparency. They use KPI measurements to evaluate success. Which of the following statements are true?
1. Culture directly influences the type of agile methodology you'll choose to manage the project.
2. Organizations that use KPI measurements and allow teams to experiment on noncritical projects and learn from failure can transform the culture and the methodologies used to manage projects.
3. Culture has a significant influence on the organization.
4. Agile works well in the type of culture described in the question.
5. All of the above.
6. Peter Drucker stated, “Culture eats strategy for breakfast.
All of the options are true.
55
Alyssa is a project manager tasked with managing an infrastructure project that will consolidate five data centers into one. She is using a waterfall approach to carry out initial planning activities and will execute the work using an Agile-based approach. Currently, she is facilitating the estimating process to calculate the duration of the project’s activities. When she gets to the “run cable” activity, one team member tells her that in a past similar project, they ran a similar length of cable in 13 hours; another team member tells her that they can run 110 meters of cable per hour. The team will need to run a total of 1,320 meters of cable. Using the analogous estimating technique, how many hours will it take the team to run the cable?
9
10
12
13
The analogous estimating technique is a form of expert judgment, which uses the actual duration of a similar activity completed on a previous project to determine the duration of the current activity. This means that Alyssa would rely on feedback from the subject-matter expert who noted that in a past similar project it took 13 hours to complete a similar activity.
56
You are the project manager for a project that will produce a mobile phone application that sends alerts when UV rays are at dangerous levels, alerting users to stay indoors. Your team has recently adopted Agile, and you have modeled your approach on that of a servant leader. Which of the following characteristics are you likely to follow? Select 3
Coaching
Promoting self-awareness
Controlling
Listening
Servant leaders enable teams to be more Agile and play the important role of facilitating the team’s success. According to the Agile Practice Guide, characteristics of a servant leader include promoting self-awareness, listening, serving the team, helping others grow, coaching versus controlling, promoting safety/respect/trust, and promoting the energy and intelligence of others.
57
All of the following are Agile and Lean frameworks except for which one?
eXtreme Programming
Crystal Methods
Waterfall
Scrumban
Waterfall is a methodology that follows a predictive life cycle. While there are many Agile and Lean frameworks, the Agile Practice Guide addresses the following: Scrum, eXtreme Programming, Kanban Method, Crystal Methods, Scrumban, Feature-Driven Development, Dynamic Systems Development Method, and Agile Unified Process.
58
You are working on an Agile project that is most concerned about providing finished deliverables that the customer may use immediately. Which development life cycle are you most likely to use?
Predictive
Incremental
Agile
Iterative
An incremental life cycle focuses on completing deliverables by the end of each iteration so that it may be turned over to the customer for use.
59
You are guiding your organization through the adoption of an Agile approach and are also teaching project managers about servant leadership. A tenured project manager approaches you and asks how this will change his role and approach to managing the team. How should you respond?
1. The emphasis will now be on allowing the team to make their own decisions and set their own goals by taking a more hands-off approach.
2. The emphasis will now be on fostering a collaborative environment and serving as an inspiration to the team that will be executing the work.
3. The emphasis will now be on reducing the impact of change by stressing the collection of requirements early on within the project’s life cycle.
4. The emphasis will now be on coaching team members, distributing responsibility to the team, and fostering a collaborative environment
When taking on a servant leadership approach, project managers shift to emphasize coaching those open to the help, fostering high collaboration across the team, aligning stakeholder needs, and encouraging the distribution of responsibility to the team.
60
Sue is the head of an Agile PMO. She delivers a presentation at the annual company meeting to describe her role’s responsibilities and the value of the PMO. As part of her presentation, Sue delivers an award to a project manager for exhibiting strength in defining critical success factors of the project, facilitating iteration planning, and knowing when to ask for help. What skill set is she recognizing the project manager for?
Leadership skills
Technical project management skills
Business management and strategic skills
Communication skills
The question describes technical project management skills, which is one of three categories of skill set that make up the PMI Talent Triangle®. The PMBOK® Guide – Sixth Edition defines technical project management skills as the knowledge, skills, and behaviors related to specific domains of project, program, and portfolio management.
61
When evaluating whether to adopt a predictive, Agile, or hybrid approach, what three categories can an organization assess suitability against? Select 3
Team
Industry
Culture
Project
There are various Agile suitability filters and/or models available that help determine whether an organization would benefit from adopting Agile approaches. A broad model presented within the Agile Practice Guide assesses organizations against three categories: culture (i.e., does the environment support the approach?), team (i.e., is the team of a suitable size?), and project (i.e., are there high rates of change?).
62
Waterfall, Agile, and PRINCE2 are all examples of what?
Project management tools and techniques
Methods of managing a project
A set of project management standards
Global practices for managing projects
Waterfall, Agile, and PRINCE2 are examples of methodologies used to manage projects.
63
This methodology is a hybrid of two Agile approaches, where the work is organized in sprints and uses a board to display the work of the sprint and monitor work in progress.
Dynamic Systems Development Method
eXtreme Programming
Scrumfall
Scrumban
Scrumban is a hybrid methodology that combines Scrum and Kanban. The idea is that the work is organized in sprints, as in traditional Scrum, but uses a Kanban board to display the work of the sprint and monitor work in progress.
64
Which of the following is an agile prototyping technique showing sequence or navigation through a series of images or illustrations:
Storyboarding
Decision trees
Mind mapping
Nominal group technique
Storyboarding is an agile prototyping technique that shows sequence or navigation through a series of images or illustrations. The rest of the choices are graphical techniques designed to achieve other objectives.
65
Which of the following best describes the servant leadership approach used in Agile projects?
The practice of installing one clear leader, with team members serving as followers
The practice of focusing on understanding and addressing the needs and development of team members
The practice of one individual directing the team to provide clear and concise direction
The practice of generating work through iterations, with one leader clearly prominent
According to the Agile Practice Guide, servant leadership is the practice of leading through service to the team by focusing on developing team members and understanding and addressing their needs to generate the greatest possible performance.
66
This type of leader leads the team in learning and maturing agile practices. They promote emotional intelligence and selfawareness, they are good listeners, put the needs of others first, help team members improve their skills, they coach and mentor, encourage safety, encourage respectful behaviors, build trust among the team, and promote the skills and intelligence of others. Which of the following leadership styles does this question describe and what are the three steps, in order, they use to help the team learn and mature agile processes? (Choose two.)
This question describes a servant leader.
This type of leader takes these steps in this order: people, purpose, and process.
This question describes a democratic leader.
This type of leader takes these three steps in this order: purpose, people, process.
This question describes a servant leader. They take three steps to ensure the team learns and matures the agile process: purpose, people, process.
67
Which of the following reflect ideal characteristics of Agile teams? Select 3
Range in size from three to nine team members
Facilitate daily status meetings
Dedicated 100 percent to project
Colocated
The most effective Agile teams tend to range from three to nine team members in size, are colocated, and are able to dedicate 100 percent of their time to the team and work at hand. Agile teams typically have daily stand-up meetings versus daily status meetings.
68
Your Scrum team's velocity rate is 24 story points per iteration. There are 165 total story points. Which of the following statements are true regarding this question? (Choose two.)
Velocity is used to estimate the capacity of the Scrum team.
The project needs seven iterations to complete all of the work of the project.
This information can be tracked on a burndown chart.
A Kanban board can display this information.
Velocity is used to determine how long it will take to complete the work of the iteration. It measures the speed with which the team progresses, not capacity. Kanban boards display work based on capacity. Velocity is time bound.
69
Agile teams favor which type of performance measurement? Select two
Empirical measurements
Value-based measurements
Predictive measurements
Cost efficiency measurements
Agile teams focus on measuring value and what the team delivers versus what the team predicted it would deliver. Measurements tend to be empirical and value-based in nature.
70
Which of the following reflect principles listed in the Agile Manifesto? Select 3
The best architectures, requirements, and designs emerge from teams that are directed by strong leaders.
Our highest priority is to satisfy the customer through early and continuous delivery of valuable software.
Working software is the primary measure of progress.
Simplicity—the art of maximizing the amount of work not done—is essential.
The Agile Manifesto for Software Development was published in 2001 by thought leaders in the software industry. The intent was to propose a new way of developing software. It consists of 12 principles and 4 key values.
71
Agile project life cycle methodologies are characterized by which of the following? (Choose three.)
This methodology is used primarily in the software development industry but can be applied across other industry areas.
Using a step-by-step process where one task is completed followed by another.
Dividing tasks into small deliverables that can be completed in a short time frame.
This methodology allows the project team to quickly adapt to new requirements and receive continuous feedback.
The rest one describes the waterfall, or predictive, process.
72
```
Agile release planning provides a high-level summary timeline of the release schedule based on the project roadmap. Agile release planning also determines the number of iterations required for the product development. These iterations are also known as:
Select one Mark question
Kanbans
Epics
Phases
Sprints
```
Agile release planning determines the number of iterations required for the product development known as sprints.
73
When should Agile teams hold retrospectives?
Select three Mark question
At the start of the project
At the conclusion of an iteration or increment
When a major milestone is reached
When the team feels stuck
While retrospectives are often held at the conclusion of an iteration or increment, teams can facilitate retrospectives at various key points in a project to gain benefits. This includes situations where the team does not feel that the work is flowing well. While teams are not necessarily limited as to when retrospectives are held, they are typically used after the project work begins.
74
Alyssa is a project manager tasked with managing an infrastructure project that will consolidate five data centers into one. She has used a waterfall approach to carry out initial planning activities and is executing the work using an Agile-based approach. Recently, the sponsor has asked Alyssa to provide a forecasted date of project completion. To date, the team has managed to complete an average of 60 story points per iteration, and there are 420 remaining user story points left to complete. How many iterations will it take to complete the project work?
Select one Mark question
7 iterations
6 iterations
4 iterations
Cannot be determined, based on the information provided
If the team maintains a velocity of 60 story points per iteration, it would take seven iterations to complete the remaining 420 story points.
75
```
You work for a nonprofit organization and one of their charity efforts involves donating sewing machines to women in impoverished countries. The sewing machines come with a training program that instructs them on how to create simple patterns, use the sewing machine to create products, and, most importantly, how to manage a business. Your project involves developing the app-based training program that instructors will use when working with these women. Your team used a waterfall approach to gather requirements, develop the training module content, and create a draft-level project plan. They will be using the Scrum methodology to develop the app. The team members have not used Scrum before. Which of the following options are true regarding this question?
Select one Mark question
All are correct
Ensure that the team members have a cross-functional set of skills, experiences, and personalities.
You will help influence team member selection.
This question describes a hybrid methodology, even though the team will be using Scrum to develop the app.
Ensure that the team members have proper training in the Scrum methodology. Ideally, you should measure and assess their training success.
They may feel some frustration at first as they embark on the Scrum methodology and in estimating user story work, so the product owner should work with the team to break down user stories that are too large or to reduce the number per iteration, and over time, the team will gain confidence in their estimating techniques.
```
The question describes a hybrid methodology because the planning was performed with a waterfall approach and development will use a Scrum methodology.
76
```
An Agile approach can alleviate issues that result when high uncertainty exists. Which of the following is an example of a pain point that Agile addresses under these circumstances?
Select three Mark question
Unclear requirements
Low defects
Technical debt
Unclear purpose
```
Project teams may experience many pain points when a project contains a high degree of uncertainty, change, and complexity. Agile approaches directly address these pain points by performing activities such as creating clear team charters (i.e., vision, mission), among other activities. Examples of pain points include unclear purpose, unclear requirements, technical debt, and high defects.
77
All of the following are characteristics of the Agile life cycle except for which one?
Select one Mark question
Feedback is given with the purpose of better planning the next part of the project.
The team typically collaborates to finish the most important feature.
It combines both iterative and incremental approaches.
The team expects requirements to change.
In iterative and incremental project life cycles, feedback helps to better plan the next iteration of the project. In Agile projects, incremental delivery exposes requirements that are hidden or misunderstood.
78
Projects operating in agile environments where a high degree of uncertainty exists and where the scope is not yet fully defined, may not benefit from detailed cost calculations due to frequent changes. Instead, lightweight estimation methods can be used to generate a fast, high-level forecast of project labor costs, which can then be easily adjusted as changes arise. Detailed estimates are:
Select one Mark question
Reserved for short-term planning horizons in a just-in-time fashion.
Never developed in an agile project.
Only developed if the project stakeholders allow the project manager to do so.
Developed early during the project but are never updated due to frequent changes.
In agile/adaptive environments, detailed estimates are reserved for short-term planning horizons in a just-in-time fashion. The rest of the choices are incorrect.
79
```
You have been assigned a new project and meet with your manager to discuss it further. The PMO organization has been on a journey over the past six months to become an Agile PMO. Your manager shares that the new project should be managed using an adaptive approach to support the direction of the team. He further clarifies that the project will be highly constraint-driven with a strong focus on quality and time and that the executive team expects incremental builds. Which of the following adaptive approaches should you use to manage this project?
Select one Mark question
Dynamic Systems Development Method
Crystal Clear
Feature Driven Development
Agile Unified Process
```
This Agile methodology is grounded in governance framework that combines the iterative and incremental approaches. At the onset of the project, DDSM establishes the cost of the project, the quality standards, and the timeframe to completion and, as such, is constraint-driven.
80
Which of the following are true regarding the Agile Manifesto? (Choose two.)
Select two Mark question
The focus is on the value to the customer.
It measures how efficiently the process was performed.
It is concerned with the quality of the deliverable.
Success is measured in incremental steps.
It is concerned with business process improvements.
The Agile Practice Guide (PMI®, 2017). focuses on value to the customer, not in measuring processes or the quality of deliverables. Success is measured in incremental steps.
81
```
On-demand scheduling is one of the techniques used in agile environments. This type of scheduling ______ work from a backlog as resources become available.
Select one Mark question
Extrapolates
Pushes
Predicts
Pulls
```
On-demand scheduling is one of the techniques used in agile projects. This type of scheduling “pulls” work from a backlog as resources become available.
82
You are guiding your organization through the adoption of an Agile approach and are also teaching project managers about servant leadership. A tenured project manager approaches you and asks how this will change his role and approach to managing the team. How should you respond?
Select one Mark question
The emphasis will now be on allowing the team to make their own decisions and set their own goals by taking a more hands-off approach.
The emphasis will now be on coaching team members, distributing responsibility to the team, and fostering a collaborative environment.
The emphasis will now be on fostering a collaborative environment and serving as an inspiration to the team that will be executing the work.
The emphasis will now be on reducing the impact of change by stressing the collection of requirements early on within the project’s life cycle.
When taking on a servant leadership approach, project managers shift to emphasize coaching those open to the help, fostering high collaboration across the team, aligning stakeholder needs, and encouraging the distribution of responsibility to the team.
83
Which of the following reflect ideal characteristics of Agile teams?
Select three Mark question
Facilitate daily status meetings
Colocated
Range in size from three to nine team members
Dedicated 100 percent to project
The most effective Agile teams tend to range from three to nine team members in size, are colocated, and are able to dedicate 100 percent of their time to the team and work at hand. Agile teams typically have daily stand-up meetings versus daily status meetings.
84
How does time-boxing help minimize scope creep in agile projects?
Select one Mark question
It forces the team to convert the user stories into epics.
It forces the sponsor to allocate a Scrum master who helps in eliminating scope creep.
It forces the team to create project WBS using the user stories.
It forces the team to process essential features first, then other features
Time-boxed periods are durations during which the team works steadily toward completion of a goal. Time-boxing helps to minimize scope creep as it forces the teams to process essential features first, then other features when time permits.
85
Match the following types of tests that are used on agile-based software projects to their description.
End to end test - This test is performed on individual modules or individual components of source code.
Regression test - Testing the software from the start to the end to ensure the application is working correctly.
Unit test - This test is performed after changes are made to the code or when maintenance activities are performed on the hardware the code resides on to ensure the software works the same way it did before the change.
Smoke test - This test combines software modules and tests them as a group.
Integration test - A high-level test designed to identify simple failures that could jeopardize the software program.
Testing at all levels is a concept used in Extreme Programming, and other agile methodologies, to expose issues and problems early in the coding process.
86
Name the difference between the agile iterative approach and the agile incremental approach as discussed in the Agile Practice Guide (PMI®, 2017).
Select one Mark question
Incremental uses prototypes and iterative helps in performing the work faster and in speeding up the project.
Iterative plans the work at the beginning of the project before starting work, and incremental plans the work at the beginning of each iteration.
Iterative uses prototypes and incremental helps in performing the work faster and speeding up the project.
Incremental focuses on learning optimization and iterative focuses on speed of delivery.
The iterative approach uses prototypes and mockups produced in time-bound periods such as sprints. The incremental approach produces usable deliverables at the end of the workflow, which helps in performing the work faster and speeds up the project. The incremental approach focuses on speed of delivery and the iterative approach focuses on learning optimization.
87
Your project has a high degree of uncertainty about the project requirements. You decide to use an agile approach to manage the project in order to achieve which of the following?
Select one Mark question
Produce accurate requirements in a faster timeframe than in a predictive methodology
All of the above
Increase knowledge among cross-functional team members, which helps them understand and manage risks
Decrease the risk of rework
Reduce risk and maximize business delivery
All of the options are benefits of using an agile approach to manage projects with high degrees of uncertainty.
88
Match the Agile approach with its description.
Matching Mark question
Kanban - Allows for continuous flow of work and value to the customer. This approach is less prescriptive and pulls single items through the process continuously.
eXtreme programming - A software development method based on frequent cycles. This approach attempts to distill a best practice into its simplest and purest form and then applies that practice continuously.
Feature-driven development - Used to meet the needs of a large software development project. This approach revolves around six core roles and is organized around five activities that are performed iteratively.
Scrum - Used for software projects and features accelerated cycles and less heavyweight processes. This approach focuses on performing more iterative cycles across seven key disciplines and incorporates feedback before formal delivery.
Agile unified process - A single-team process framework used to manage product development. This approach uses timeboxed sprints of one month or less and revolves around three core roles.
There are many variations of Agile approaches, including hybrid/ combination approaches (i.e., ScrumBan). Descriptions provided are derived from the Agile Practice Guide, which offers several descriptions and examples of a wide range of Agile approaches.
89
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18 of 15002:55:43
Marysil is an enterprise project manager for Cups on Fire. She is managing the implementation of an enterprise relationship management system using a hybrid of waterfall and Scrum. This is the most complex project the team has undertaken to date. For this reason, she puts careful attention to risk management activities. She recently learned that a risk had materialized and become an issue, with the team missing early warning signs that could have increased the response to the situation. The sponsor of the project asks Marysil to debrief him on the situation and to provide a summary of overall project risk. What document will Marysil review with the sponsor?
Select one Mark question
Assumptions log
Risk report
Risk register
Risk management plan
```
The risk report contains a summary of identified project risks and sources of overall project risk.
90
```
Agile teams favor which type of performance measurement?
Select two Mark question
Cost efficiency measurements
Value-based measurements
Empirical measurements
Predictive measurements
```
Agile teams focus on measuring value and what the team delivers versus what the team predicted it would deliver. Measurements tend to be empirical and value-based in nature.
91
```
Forming successful Agile teams involves establishing which of the following underlying factors?
Select three Mark question
Building a safe working environment
Building a foundational trust
Building dedicated teams
Building an Agile mindset
```
The underlying success factors in forming effective Agile teams are building a foundational trust and safe working environment, as well as an Agile mindset.
92
```
To increase communication across ambiguous projects, a project manager using an Agile approach is likely to do what?
Select one Mark question
Communicate digitally ad hoc
Communicate based on a plan
Communicate frequently
Communicate daily
```
Projects that have high degrees of ambiguity and change require frequent and quick communication. Communicating frequently and transparently is a common characteristic of Agile approaches.
93
```
All of the following are Agile and Lean frameworks except for which one?
Select one Mark question
eXtreme Programming
Crystal Methods
Waterfall
Scrumban
```
Waterfall is a methodology that follows a predictive life cycle. While there are many Agile and Lean frameworks, the Agile Practice Guide addresses the following: Scrum, eXtreme Programming, Kanban Method, Crystal Methods, Scrumban, Feature-Driven Development, Dynamic Systems Development Method, and Agile Unified Process.
94
Your team is working on an agile project developing an app that alerts airline passengers to gate changes for their flights once they've checked in. They are having a difficult time understanding how the user stories work together toward the big picture. Which of the following should you do? (Choose two.)
Select two Mark question
Tailor the approach to help team members gain a better understanding of the user stories.
Create an impact map.
Create a burndown chart.
Perform one-hour backlog refinement meetings midway through the upcoming iterations.
Backlog refinement and impact mapping are two techniques you can use to help the team understand how user stories fit into the big picture of the overall project.
95
The agile project team members are all working in an open office space arrangement. There are many conversations happening concurrently throughout the day. Which of the following is the best option for the project manager?
Select one Mark question
Schedule frequent team checkpoints and post project artifacts in a transparent fashion
Request team members to hold off their conversations until formal meeting times
Record the conversations and post them in a shared repository
Designate afternoons as quiet work times
Open, frequent, and informal communication is the cornerstone of agile managed projects. The best form of communication is face to face conversations. Agile teams working in a collocated space that supports communication is ideal. Planning communications management that hinders or places boundaries on those conversations is counterproductive. A project manager needs to encourage more communication, not less. A project manager also needs to support the capturing and flow of communication between stakeholders. Scheduling more communication checkpoints, such as daily standup meetings, increases the communication exchanges. And, when possible, posting and distributing information to the team aids communication flow - whether in physical locations, digitized, or both. Withholding conversations or enforcing extended quiet times is the antithesis of good communication flow.
96
```
Which of the following predictive project management techniques resembles an agile approach:
Select one Mark question
Developing the WBS
Developing the project management plan
Rolling wave planning
Earned value analysis
```
Rolling wave planning resembles agile approaches since it allows the project management team to wait until the deliverables or subcomponents are agreed on, so the details of the WBS can be developed.
97
Which of the following best describes the role of a product owner within an Agile team?
Select one Mark question
The individual with decision-making authority who authorizes and releases team member assignments
Individuals who possess the skills necessary to produce a working product
The individual who guides and coaches the team, sometimes referred to as Scrum master, project manager, or team coach
The individual responsible for guiding the direction of the product
There are three common roles used in Agile teams: cross-functional team member, product owner, and team facilitator.
98
```
At the end of a sprint, the Scrum team met to talk through what went well and what could be improved. One engineer noted that the recent changes to daily stand-ups were working. Which of the following describes the actions that the Scrum team carried out?
Select two Mark question
Facilitated a sprint retrospective
Facilitated a collaboration session
Facilitated process improvement
Facilitated sprint planning
```
The Scrum team held a sprint retrospective. In Scrum, this meeting is held at the end of every sprint and allows the team to identify what went well in the process during the recent sprint and what could have gone better, and they commit to improving at least one thing in the upcoming sprint. They are a combination of lessons learned and process improvement.
99
A project team that is attempting to adopt an Agile mindset may use all of the following questions to develop an implementation strategy, except for which one?
Select one Mark question
What work can be avoided to focus on high-priority items?
What work can the team deliver rapidly to obtain early feedback?
How can a servant-leadership approach aid the achievement of goals?
How can the team act in a predictable manner?
Rather than asking how the team can act in a predictable manner, a team looking to adopt an Agile mind-set may instead ask how the team can act in a more Agile or transparent manner.
100
```
A Scrum master facilitates a monthly session with the team to discuss what went well in the latest sprint, what could have gone better, and what they will commit to improving in the next sprint. This meeting is referred to as a:
Select one Mark question
Stand-up
Sprint retrospective
Sprint review
Sprint planning
```
A sprint retrospective is held at the end of an iteration/sprint to identify what the team learned over the last sprint, including what went well and what did not. The intent is to continue improving the overall process so that the team continues to become more effective as a unit.
101
A number of teams are developing an enterprise system using the agile approach for product development. Which of the following is a major risk item for such a complex project being performed in an agile environment?
Select one Mark question
Scope definition and freezing early during the planning phase.
Number of interconnected dependencies between the features developed by different teams.
Number and size of teams developing the larger features.
Emphasis on schedule control over risk management.
In adaptive life cycles, when multiple teams are concurrently developing a large number of features, the interconnected dependencies between the features become a major risk item.
102
Servant leaders are practicing role models of Agile practices. How do servant leaders approach their work?
Select three Mark question
They focus on purpose by working with the team to define the “why.”
They focus on people by working with the team to create an environment where all can succeed.
They focus on process by looking for the results.
They focus on outcomes by measuring progress against planned results.
Servant leaders engage the team and take on a selfless view by serving others. They do this by approaching their work in the following order: purpose, people, and process.
103
You work in an environment that uses a combination of delivery approaches, namely, Agile and Predictive approaches, with one-month release cycles. The vice president of your division has told you to report the status of the project budget for the current release as on track. You have experienced three budget overruns in the past six months and know that the status of the budget for the existing release is poor. However, you also know there is a repayment coming on one of the procurement work orders that will reverse almost all of the cost overruns you’ve experienced for this latest release. Which of the following do you know to be true regarding this question?
Select two Mark question
Managing communications is a critical aspect of a project manager’s role.
You can’t control the actions of others, but you can control your actions, and you should report the truth no matter what the vice president has instructed you to do.
You can use a burndown chart to show the potential reversal of the budget overrun.
This question describes activities associated with managing stakeholder engagement levels.
According to the PMI Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct, you should always report the truth regarding project status. This question refers to activities associated with the Manage Communications process.
104
You are using a burnup chart to visually provide information about project progress to the agile team. Which of the following are true regarding a burnup chart?
Select three Mark question
This shows the completed work for the iteration or project.
It can't tell you if you are working on the right things.
This is a type of capacity measure.
Accuracy depends on the accuracy of the team's estimates.
A burndown chart shows the work remaining for the iteration; a burnup chart shows the completed work.
105
The Agile Manifesto is made up of four values and twelve principles. Which of the following is an example of an Agile value?
Select three Mark question
Following a plan over rework and change
Customer collaboration over contract negotiation
Individuals and interactions over processes and tools
Working software over comprehensive documentation
The Agile Manifesto lists four values: individuals and interactions over processes and tools, working software over comprehensive documentation, customer collaboration over contract negotiation, and responding to change over following a plan.
106
```
A project manager has structured his Agile project in a less prescriptive way to be less disruptive to the team. He and the team focus on driving work through a continuous flow as a way of delivering value to the customer versus using iterations. This approach is associated with which Agile method?
Select one Mark question
Crystal
Kanban method
Feature-driven development
Scrum
```
Kanban is based on lean-thinking principles and helps the team stay organized; it keeps team members collaborating and everyone informed. A flow-based agile approach such as Kanban pulls work from the backlog according to the team’s capacity to perform the work.
107
```
Which of the following best describes the focus of Agile teams?
Select one Mark question
To reduce waste in planning
To deliver frequently
To operate using small, focused teams
To deliver business value often
```
Agile teams tend to place greater importance on delivering business value often. For this reason, emphasis is placed on frequent feedback, frequent delivery, and remaining adaptable to changing or evolving requirements.
108
```
After concluding the sprint, the Scrum master, product owner, and team members come together to evaluate the overall progress and work completed and to review any lessons learned. This describes what type of meeting?
Select one Mark question
A daily stand-up
A sprint retrospective
A sprint-planning meeting
A Scrum meeting
```
The question describes a sprint retrospective meeting, which helps the team plan for the next sprint and determine overall progress.
109
Match the following scaling agile frameworks with their description.
Matching Mark question
Safe - This consists of up to eight Scrum teams with up to eight members each who all work on the project together.
Scrum of Scrums - This is an interactive knowledge base consisting of technical guidance, knowledge, and information on agile.
Enterprise Scrum - This extends Scrum practices to all aspects of the organization.
Less - Two or more Scrum teams work on the project together. Each Scrum team focuses on a portion of the work.
DA - This combines several agile best practices and includes information from functional areas of the business.
Scaling agile frameworks is a technique used to scale agile practices to the organization and incorporate multiple teams using agile methodologies.
110
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39 of 15002:55:43
One of the core tenants highlighted by Agile approaches is the value of flow versus focusing on how people are utilized. Which of the following reflect benefits of optimizing flow to attain value?
Select two Mark question
Teams produce faster results.
Top performers stand out.
Teams waste less time.
Teams produce value more quickly.
```
The Agile Manifesto highlights how important individuals and their interactions are. As a result, Agile approaches stress the importance of optimizing flow to achieve ongoing value. Key benefits include the following: people are more likely to collaborate, teams produce valuable work faster, and teams waste less time.
111
```
This methodology is a hybrid of two Agile approaches, where the work is organized in sprints and uses a board to display the work of the sprint and monitor work in progress.
Select one Mark question
Scrumban
Dynamic Systems Development Method
eXtreme Programming
Scrumfall
```
Scrumban is a hybrid methodology that combines Scrum and Kanban. The idea is that the work is organized in sprints, as in traditional Scrum, but uses a Kanban board to display the work of the sprint and monitor work in progress.
112
```
Agile practices promote dedicated team members. When this is not the case, team members must multitask and experience productivity losses. On average, what range of productivity loss occurs?
Select one Mark question
20 percent to 40 percent
15 percent to 30 percent
50 percent to 75 percent
0 percent to 10 percent
```
According to the Agile Practice Guide, team members who are not dedicated to an Agile team and who must context switch between tasks lose on average 20 percent to 40 percent productivity.
113
You are a contract project manager for a wholesale flower distribution company. Your project involves developing a website for the company to allow retailers to place their flower orders online. You will also provide a separate link for individual purchases that are ordered, packaged, and mailed to the consumer directly from the grower's site. This project involves coordinating the parent company, growers, and distributors. You are using an agile methodology to manage this project and have discovered that some stakeholders do not understand their role on the project, and this is causing conflict for the team. Which of the following should you do to help reduce conflict for the stakeholders and the team?
Select one Mark question
All are correct
Clearly define the roles and responsibility of team members and stakeholders.
Address conflict as soon as it occurs to reduce or eliminate its impact.
Communicate effectively and ensure project artifacts are accessible to stakeholders.
Establish team ground rules in the team charter including stakeholder expectations.
All of the options outline ways you can help reduce conflict on a project. Team ground rules should be established early on in the project and should include stakeholder expectations.
114
```
Sue is leading the transformation of her PMO from a directive PMO to an Agile PMO. What characteristics is Sue likely to highlight when describing the Agile PMO to the company’s leadership team?
Select three Mark question
The Agile PMO is value-driven.
The Agile PMO is invitation-oriented.
The Agile PMO is multidisciplinary.
The Agile PMO is solution-oriented.
```
Agile project management offices (PMOs) exist to guide the organization in continuously achieving business value. According to the Agile Practice Guide, an Agile PMO is value-driven, invitation-oriented, and multidisciplinary.
115
Within Agile, an “I” shaped person refers to what?
Select one Mark question
A generalist who can take on any work within the backlog, regardless of skills needed
An individual who has deep specializations in one domain and rarely contributes outside of it
An individual who supplements their expertise in one area with less-developed skills in associated areas
An individual who is early in their career and requires coaching in tandem with an assignment
Within Agile there is a concept that describes the degree to which individuals can take on work, according to their depth and breadth. “I” shaped people are those who have deep specializations in one domain and rarely contribute to work outside of that domain; “T” shaped people are considered generalizing specialists who have expertise in an area but can also contribute to other areas.
116
You are the project manager for a top-secret software project for an agency of the U.S. government. Getting top-secret clearances for contractors takes quite a bit of time and waiting for clearances could jeopardize the implementation date. Your mission—should you choose to accept it—is to complete the project using internal resources. Your agile programmers are 80 percent of the way through the programming and testing when your agency appoints a new executive director. Your programmers are siphoned off this project to work on the executive director's hot new project before they finish this project. Which of the following are true regarding this question?
Select two Mark question
The Validate Scope process documents the correctness of the work according to stakeholders' expectations and is not needed for an agile project.
You should perform the Validate Scope process which documents the level and degree of completion.
The DoD, such as describing the functionality, purpose, and how the functionality should be performed, helps determine if the functionality produced at the end of the iteration is ready for the customer to use.
This project ended due to starvation.
DoD ensures that the deliverable or functionality produced at the end of the iteration is ready for the customer to use. DoD measures the iteration, not the deliverable. Examples include integration testing is complete and code review is complete. The Validate Scope process... describes the Control Quality process.
117
```
This agile methodology focuses on frequent cycles and delivering software to the customer when the customer needs it. The core values for this methodology are communication, simplicity, feedback, courage, and respect. Which methodology does this describe?
Select one Mark question
Dynamic Systems Development Method
Feature-Driven Development
Extreme Programming
Crystal
```
XP focuses on frequent cycles and delivering software to the customer when the customer needs it.
118
The agile technique of on-demand scheduling is not suitable when:
Select one Mark question
The use of a predictive lifecycle is mandated by the customer.
Project tasks can be bundled by size and scope.
Product deliverables can be incrementally developed.
Project requirements can be decomposed into smaller chunks that are relatively similar in size and scope.
If the use of a predictive lifecycle is mandated by the customer, no other project life cycles can be selected. Hence most of the agile techniques will be inapplicable in those scenarios.
119
```
Which of the following documents identifies 12 principles that are the focus of the Agile approach?
Select one Mark question
Agile Credo
Agile Practice Guide
Agile Standard
Agile Manifesto
```
In 2001, several software developers converged to formalize the Agile approach. They published the manifesto for Agile software development and identified 12 principles that are the focus of any Agile approach.
120
```
The on-demand scheduling approach used in agile environments is based on the theory-of-constraints and pull-based scheduling concepts from lean manufacturing to limit a team’s work in progress. This is also called:
Select one Mark question
Andon
5S
Gemba
Kanban
```
The on-demand scheduling approach used in agile environments is based on the theory-of-constraints and pull-based scheduling concepts from lean manufacturing to limit a team’s work in progress. This is also called kanban system.
121
Shu Ha Ri is a technique used to develop an agile team. Which of the following are true about this model?
Select three Mark question
Shu Ha Ri comes from Aikido, a Japanese martial art form.
Ha stage means to separate or leave.
Ri stage means to break free or digress.
Shu Ha Ri is practiced in a progressive fashion.
Shu stage means to obey or protect.
Shu Ha Ri is a technique that comes from Aikido. Shu means to obey or protect, Ha means to break free or digress, and Ri means to separate or leave.
122
```
You are the project manager for a project that will produce a mobile phone application that sends alerts when UV rays are at dangerous levels, alerting users to stay indoors. Your team has recently adopted Agile, and you have modeled your approach on that of a servant leader. Which of the following characteristics are you likely to follow?
Select three Mark question
Listening
Promoting self-awareness
Controlling
Coaching
```
Servant leaders enable teams to be more Agile and play the important role of facilitating the team’s success. According to the Agile Practice Guide, characteristics of a servant leader include promoting self-awareness, listening, serving the team, helping others grow, coaching versus controlling, promoting safety/respect/trust, and promoting the energy and intelligence of others.
123
52 of 15002:55:43
Match the following agile measurements with their definitions.
Matching Mark question
Empirical measure - A type of in-the-moment measure
Cycle time - The time it takes for a task to go from request to completion
Capacity measures - The time it takes to complete work on a task from the time work starts
Response time - The time a task waits before work starts
Definition of ready - Describes the specifics of the tasks planned for the iteration before the team begins work
Lead time - A checklist of elements needed to ensure the deliverable is ready for the customer to use
Definition of done - Typically expressed as deliverables, functionality, or features
Agile measurements should focus on customer value
124
What questions should a team ask when developing an implementation strategy using an Agile mindset?
Select two Mark question
What work can be avoided in order to focus on high-priority items?
How can the project team act in an Agile manner?
How can the team avoid changes to maintain progress against the plan?
How can the team finalize clear requirements early?
The adoption of Agile practices begins by embracing an Agile mindset. According to the Agile Practice Guide, project teams looking to adopt Agile can ask themselves the following questions while developing an implementation strategy: How can the project team act in an Agile manner? What can the team deliver quickly and obtain early feedback about to benefit the next delivery cycle? How can the team act in a transparent manner? What work can be avoided in order to focus on high-priority items? How can a servantleadership approach benefit the achievement of the team’s goals?
125
```
What are three characteristics of an Agile PMO?
Select three Mark question
Invitation-oriented
Solution-driven
Value-driven
Multidisciplinary
```
Agile PMOs guide the organization in achieving business value. There are multiple types of PMOs; an Agile PMO is value-driven, invitation-oriented, and multidisciplinary.
126
You are considering using an agile approach to conduct your project. The organization's culture is open to new ideas and supports honesty and transparency. They use KPI measurements to evaluate success. Which of the following statements are true?
Select one Mark question
Organizations that use KPI measurements and allow teams to experiment on noncritical projects and learn from failure can transform the culture and the methodologies used to manage projects.
Culture has a significant influence on the organization.
Agile works well in the type of culture described in the question.
Peter Drucker stated, “Culture eats strategy for breakfast.”
All of the above.
Culture directly influences the type of agile methodology you'll choose to manage the project.
All of the options are true.
127
Which of the following is one of the most prominent features of a project following agile approach for product development?
Select one Mark question
Delivery of the product in a single sprint
Produce defect-free deliverables
Deliver incremental value to the customer
Zero tolerance for rework
In adaptive life cycles, the requirements are documented in user stories that are then prioritized and refined. The product features are developed using time-boxed periods of work. This approach is often used to deliver incremental value to the customer.
128
```
One key characteristic of adaptive lifecycles, such as the agile approach for product development, is that product features are developed using:
Select one Mark question
Reverse engineered products
Sandwiched periods of effort
Squeezed periods of zero-error sprints
Time-boxed periods of work
```
In adaptive life cycles, the requirements are documented in user stories that are then prioritized and refined. The product features are developed using time-boxed periods of work.
129
Sue leads a PMO that is in the process of shifting the organization from using predictive to more adaptive approaches to delivering project outcomes. While coaching one of her project managers on Agile practices, she explains that Agile teams focus on rapid product development. What reason is Sue likely to provide for carrying out this approach?
Select one Mark question
Rapid product development allows for early project completion.
Rapid product development allows for globalization of the project team.
Rapid product development allows the team to obtain feedback.
Rapid product development allows for a reduced amount of change.
One of the benefits of Agile approaches is the ability to obtain feedback continuously throughout the project. This allows the team to incorporate the feedback early.
130
```
59 of 15002:55:43
A product owner attends a session with the team and other key stakeholders to review a demonstration of the deliverable produced. What is the frequency of this type of meeting when following an iteration-based Agile approach?
Select one Mark question
At the end of the project
At the end of the iteration
At the beginning of the iteration
At the start of the project
```
This question describes an iteration review meeting, which can go by other names such as sprint demo. The intent of the meeting is to review the working product to obtain feedback directly from the product owner and other key stakeholders early so that any course corrections can be made. In iteration-based Agile, this meeting is held at the end of a sprint/ iteration, whereas flow-based Agile encourages reviews to occur at least once every two weeks.
131
```
You are a lead project manager for a company that develops and manufactures healthcare devices. Your team has recently begun to adopt Agile practices after receiving the directive from the division president. What power type is at play in this scenario?
Select one Mark question
Punishment
Legitimate
Expert
Referent
```
Legitimate power, also referred to as formal power, comes about as a result of someone’s position or formal title. In this case, the division president’s directive carries a heavy influence due to her position.
132
```
This methodology uses an iterative-based Agile approach. It is a single-team framework that is primarily used to manage product development. At the end of each iteration, the team facilitates a meeting to review what went well and ideas for improvement. Which methodology does this describe, and what technique is this question referring to?
Select two Mark question
Scrum
Kanban
Sprint retrospective
Sprint review
```
The question describes the Scrum framework, and the technique referenced is the facilitation of sprint retrospective meetings (in Scrum, iterations are referred to sprints). Sprint retrospectives are held to determine what went well, what could be improved for the next sprint, and any changes needed to the scope.
133
```
Which of the following contracts should you use for agile projects that will be priced based on user stories?
Select one Mark question
Fixed-price increments
Graduated time and materials
Multitiered structure
Dynamic scope
```
Fixed-price increments are contracts used on agile projects that are based on breaking down the work into user stories, rather than pricing the contract as a whole.
134
Your team members and stakeholders are new to agile techniques. Which of the following are important steps you should take to ensure that they receive the training they need to be successful with this new methodology?
Select one Mark question
Allocate resources for training, including funding for travel to the training site if needed, funding to bring an instructor on site, a dedicated room with computers and other tools needed for learning, and more.
All are correct
Determine the required competencies they need and tailor the training to these needs.
Measure training outcomes to ensure that the concepts are learned and the competencies are realized.
Determine training options, including onsite, offsite, video training, or others.
Training is an important element on agile projects. The project manager or team facilitator should ensure that all of the steps outlined in the options are fulfilled so that training is successful.
135
```
A project manager working within an Agile PMO is using a new approved contractor to fast-track the implementation of cloud-based solutions for her project. As part of overseeing the procurement activities for the project, she conducts a structured review of the work performed by the contractor. Which tool and technique does this question describe?
Select one Mark question
Claims administration system
Contract change control system
Payment systems
Inspection
```
Inspection may involve a simple or physical review of the work performed by a contractor. It is structured in nature and is meant to ensure that a mutual understanding exists of the work in progress.
136
This type of leader leads the team in learning and maturing agile practices. They promote emotional intelligence and selfawareness, they are good listeners, put the needs of others first, help team members improve their skills, they coach and mentor, encourage safety, encourage respectful behaviors, build trust among the team, and promote the skills and intelligence of others. Which of the following leadership styles does this question describe and what are the three steps, in order, they use to help the team learn and mature agile processes? (Choose two.)
Select two Mark question
This type of leader takes these three steps in this order: purpose, people, process.
This question describes a democratic leader.
This type of leader takes these steps in this order: people, purpose, and process.
This question describes a servant leader
This question describes a servant leader. They take three steps to ensure the team learns and matures the agile process: purpose, people, process.
137
Name the two types of agile approaches discussed in the Agile Practice Guide (PMI®, 2017).
Select one Mark question
Hybrid and incremental-based
Incremental-based and agile
Iteration-based and flow-based
Predictive-based and release planning–based
The two types of agile approaches discussed in the Agile Practice Guide (PMI®, 2017) are iteration-based (like Scrum) and flow-based (like Kanban)
138
You are using an agile approach to deliver business value incrementally. What other elements of business value should you be focused on? (Choose two)
Select two Mark question
Examining business value throughout the project
Reporting on business value only at the end of the project
Accepting suggestions about delivering incremental business value and ensuring that business value is achieved when the project is complete
Discussing business value with the project sponsor, recording it in the project charter, and expecting project team members and stakeholders to refer to this periodically
You should examine and report on business value throughout the life of the project, you should always consider delivering business value incrementally whenever possible, and it's the project manager's responsibility to champion the business value of the project (not expecting others to periodically review the business value statement in the project charter).
139
```
An organization interested in shifting the organizational culture to adopt new practices, such as Agile, must create an environment that enables which of the following?
Select two Mark question
Checks and balances
Transparent environment
Flexible environment
Safe, honest work environment
```
Organizations interested in adopting Agile practices or other new cultural norms must foster and enable an environment that is safe, honest, and transparent. This type of environment encourages the team to move forward and avoid falling into old behaviors and practices.
140
Which of the following best describes how Planning activities are performed in a highly adaptive (Agile) life cycle?
Select one Mark question
A high-level plan is developed and elaborated as the project progresses.
Progressive elaboration of scope is based on continuous feedback.
Work is performed as requirements are defined.
Once the plan is approved, changes that impact scope, time, or budget are controlled and minimized.
In an Agile life cycle, Planning activities involve the progressive elaboration of scope, based on continuous feedback from stakeholders.
141
When an agile team is communicating, several meetings occur including a daily stand-up. Which of the following options are true regarding the daily stand-up in an agile methodology? (Choose two.)
Select two Mark question
Stand-ups are intended to examine what is going well, and not so well, with the iteration.
Flow-based stand-ups focus on team capacity and workflow.
Iteration-based stand-ups focus on team members.
Stand-ups are intended to examine the work of the project and note corrections that are needed for the next iteration.
Other options describes a review meeting and a retrospective meeting.
142
Agile project life cycle methodologies are characterized by which of the following? (Choose three.)
Select three Mark question
Dividing tasks into small deliverables that can be completed in a short time frame.
This methodology is used primarily in the software development industry but can be applied across other industry areas.
Using a step-by-step process where one task is completed followed by another.
This methodology allows the project team to quickly adapt to new requirements and receive continuous feedback.
The rest one describes the waterfall, or predictive, process.
143
Which of the following represents a benefit of using an Agile approach to manage projects?
Select one Mark question
Changes can be closely monitored and controlled.
A project team can adjust processes in order to meet new or modified requirements.
Risks can be identified, reduced, or eliminated early on in the project life cycle.
The team is not distracted by planning activities and can focus on execution.
Using an Agile approach, a project team can assess results and adjust processes to meet new or modified requirements.
144
```
Who is responsible for performing and managing project integration when using an agile project management approach?
Select one Mark question
Scrum master
Team members
Product owner
Project manager
```
The project manager is responsible for performing and managing project integration while the project team members are responsible for planning, control, and delivery of the product.
145
```
Nicolas is the project manager of a project that has been described as revolutionizing the mobile fitness tracking industry. After consulting with his team of subject-matter experts, he decides to use Scrum. Nicolas’s project team continues to build on the product through two-week iterations. Iterations are also known by what other name?
Select one Mark question
Deliverable
Phase
Sprint
Stand-up
```
In Scrum, iterations are also known as sprints. Iterations or sprints are always timebound and can be any short period of time defined and agreed upon by the team.
146
You are using an agile project management methodology to deliver business value. During each iteration, you and the team members are breaking down tasks into tangible components that have enough features and functionality to allow the customer to examine value and provide feedback to the team. Which of the following are true regarding this question when using a Scrum methodology? (Choose two.)
Select two Mark question
You are creating the minimum viable product.
The Scrum master will assist the team in breaking down the user stories and assign each team member tasks for the upcoming iteration.
The project team will manage and prioritize the product backlog and choose the user stories for the upcoming iteration that can be broken down to the minimum viable product.
The product owner will determine whether business value has been achieved.
The minimum viable product is a component of work, or a task, that's been broken down into the lowest tangible feature, function, or result possible. The product owner is responsible for determining if business value has been achieved. The project team does not manage or prioritize the backlog; the product owner does. The Scrum master is a facilitator. Team members do not report to the Scrum master, and they do not assign tasks to team members.
147
You are a project manager for SubZero Delights, a company that offers extraordinary experiences to travelers. You have experience working at other companies that have adopted Agile practices and see opportunities to apply these practices within your new role. To ease into the transition, you choose a hybrid approach. While the team has embraced the changes, you receive strong pushback at the executive level, who prefer to see detailed project schedules with minimal change. What can you do to gain support from the executive team?
Select one Mark question
Demonstrate transparency
Provide education and training
Push for colocated teams
Modify the terms so they feel more familiar
Lack of executive buy-in occurs when leaders are accustomed to a predictive mindset and approaches. A new way of working may be difficult to understand without education and training. The Agile Practice Guide also recommends describing Agile terms using lean thinking, such as frequent reviews.
148
```
Marysil is an enterprise project manager for Cups on Fire. She is managing the implementation of an enterprise relationship management system using a hybrid of waterfall and Scrum. In preparation for a meeting with the sponsor, Marysil plans to review how much work the team has and whether they will finish on time. Which of the following are useful point-in-time measurements that Marysil may use?
Select three Mark question
Burndown chart
Release backlog
Lead time
Burnup chart
```
Burnup charts, burndown charts, lead time, and cycle time provide useful in-the-moment measurements, providing insight into capacity measures and predictability measures. These types of measurements can provide the team with an understanding of how much more work they have and whether they will finish on time.
149
```
Which of the following are three characteristics of uncertainty according to the Agile Practice Guide (PMI®, 2017)? (Choose three.)
Select three Mark question
Process suitability
Product specification
Product ambiguity
Process expertise
Production capability
```
Product specification, production capability, and process suitability are the three characteristics of uncertainty.
150
In flow-based Agile, what questions are teams likely to pose during stand-ups?
Select two Mark question
What did I complete since the last stand-up?
In anyone working on anything that is not on the board?
What am I planning to complete between now and the next stand-up?
What do we need to finish as a team?
In flow-based Agile, the focus is on the team’s throughput. Questions posed during stand-ups include the following: What do we need to do to advance this piece of work? Is anyone working on anything that is not on the board? What do we need to finish as a team? Are there any bottlenecks or blockers to the flow of work?
151
In projects where there is a gap between the real business requirements and the stated business requirements, agile methods are extremely helpful. Agile methods provide a solution to this problem by:
Select one Mark question
Replacing the project manager with a Scrum master in order to expedite the project.
Eliminating the documentation altogether from the project management approach.
Completing the project quickly so that gap is significantly reduced.
Purposefully building and reviewing prototypes and release versions to refine requirements.
Agile methods purposefully build and review prototypes and release versions in order to refine the requirements. As a result, scope is defined and redefined throughout the project.
152
Which of the following best describes the servant leadership approach used in Agile projects?
Select one Mark question
The practice of generating work through iterations, with one leader clearly prominent
The practice of one individual directing the team to provide clear and concise direction
The practice of installing one clear leader, with team members serving as followers
The practice of focusing on understanding and addressing the needs and development of team members
According to the Agile Practice Guide, servant leadership is the practice of leading through service to the team by focusing on developing team members and understanding and addressing their needs to generate the greatest possible performance.
153
You work for a small software development firm and use agile methodologies on all your projects. You learned that your company is being bought out by a larger company. The good news is that everyone on staff will retain their jobs with the new company, but your existing company will cease to exist. You are managing several projects that will be impacted by this. Which of the following are true regarding this?
Select three Mark question
This is a type of external business environment change.
Your organization is undergoing an acquisition.
Your organization is undergoing a merger.
You should assess and prioritize the impact of these changes to the projects and develop recommendations and action items and communicate them to the new management team.
This question describes an acquisition. Acquisitions usually involve large companies buying or acquiring smaller companies and the smaller company ceases to exist. A merger occurs when two organizations agree to form a new business entity.
154
Lucy is managing a website development project in an agile environment. She wants to create a burndown chart to present the project’s progress to the stakeholders. She adds a diagonal line representing the ideal burndown and a line for daily actual remaining work. She now needs to show the likely variance at the iteration completion. What should she do?
Select one Mark question
Add a median line between the daily actual remaining work and the ideal burndown
Add a forecast trend line to the daily actual remaining work
Add a forecast trend line to the ideal burndown line
Add a correlation line between the daily actual remaining work and the ideal burndown
A trend line should be added to the daily actual remaining work to forecast the completion.
155
```
In adaptive lifecycles, such as the agile approach for product development, requirements are documented as user stories that are then __________ just prior to construction.
Select one Mark question
Prioritized and refined
Analyzed and curtailed
Examined and outsourced
Benchmarked and standardized
```
In adaptive life cycles such as agile approach for product development, requirements are documented as user stories that are then prioritized and refined just prior to construction.
156
```
Kaylee has been managing projects for more than a decade and has largely used the waterfall method. She has recently taken a new job for a company that builds software for mobile devices and has begun studying the Agile method, which is largely used by this company. She begins by studying the Agile principles. What is the formalized document called that identifies 12 principles of the Agile approach?
Select one Mark question
Agile Principles
Book of Agile
Agile Manifesto
Agile Charter
```
The Agile Manifesto identifies 12 principles that describe the Agile approach. It came about through a group of software developers who came together in 2001 to formalize the Agile approach.
157
```
Which of the following agile methodologies describes the seven wastes?
Select one Mark question
Scrum
Kanban
Six Sigma
Kaizen
```
The seven wastes are associated with Kaizen, a Lean methodology.
158
```
An Agile project team builds their schedule by pulling features from the backlog reflected on a task board as capacity to take on work becomes available. In some cases, a feature may take two weeks to complete, while in others, it takes more. What type of delivery method does this describe?
Select one Mark question
Flow-based Agile
Scrum
Waterfall
Iteration-based Agile
```
A team using a flow-based agile approach, such as Kanban, focuses on developing prioritized features from the backlog. As capacity opens, the team pulls the next feature from the backlog and shifts it to the next column of the task board. They work on the feature until it is complete and then move on to the next one.
159
```
Within Agile approaches, how are requirements documented?
Select one Mark question
In the backlog
In the requirements log
In the team charter
In the schedule
```
Requirements are documented through user stories that make up the backlog. The user stories are then prioritized and refined.
160
```
Within an Agile project, the role of project manager may or may not be used. What other roles within an Agile team reflect responsiblities similar to those of a project manager?
Select one Mark question
Team coach
Team facilitator
Scrum master
Project team lead
All are correct
```
The role of project manager within Agile practices continues to be debated. According to the Agile Practice Guide, the project manager role is sometimes called a team facilitator, team coach, Scrum master, or project team lead.
161
In iteration-based Agile, what questions will the team pose during daily stand-ups?
Select three Mark question
What do we need to finish as a team?
What will I complete between now and the next stand-up?
What did I complete since the last stand-up?
What are my impediments?
Daily stand-ups encourage the team to remain self-organized and hold each other accountable for completing work that they have committed to. Whereas iteration-based Agile focuses on accountability, flow-based Agile focuses on the team’s throughput.
162
```
Ron is a developer working on a release of a new smartphone application. He and his team are using Scrum to execute the work. Ron has just completed work on the user story he is tasked with for the current sprint and reviews the criteria to ensure that they are complete and ready for customer use. What are the criteria known as?
Select one Mark question
Plan-Do-Check-Act
Definition of done
Value stream mapping
Acceptance criteria
```
According to the Agile Practice Guide, definition of done (DoD) refers to a team’s checklist of all the criteria required to be met so that a deliverable can be considered ready for customer use. Acceptance criteria refers to a set of conditions that must be met before deliverables are accepted.
163
92 of 15002:55:43
Sue is the head of an Agile PMO. She delivers a presentation at the annual company meeting to describe her role’s responsibilities and the value of the PMO. As part of her presentation, Sue delivers an award to a project manager for exhibiting strength in defining critical success factors of the project, facilitating iteration planning, and knowing when to ask for help. What skill set is she recognizing the project manager for?
Select one Mark question
Communication skills
Business management and strategic skills
Technical project management skills
Leadership skills
The question describes technical project management skills, which is one of three categories of skill set that make up the PMI Talent Triangle®. The PMBOK® Guide – Sixth Edition defines technical project management skills as the knowledge, skills, and behaviors related to specific domains of project, program, and portfolio management.
164
All of the following statements are true regarding communications within an Agile work environment, except for which one?
Select one Mark question
Communication should occur frequently and quickly when project environments are ambiguous.
Regular stakeholder reviews should be held to promote communication among stakeholders.
Weekly stakeholder reviews should be held to encourage engagement among the team.
Project artifacts should be posted in a transparent fashion.
Agile promotes frequent and transparent communication, particularly when the project environment is subject to ambiguity and/or change. This concept applies to the handling of project artifacts as well. According to the Agile Practice Guide, project artifacts should be posted in a transparent manner, with regular stakeholder reviews held to promote communication among stakeholders.
165
You are a project manager working within a division that recently experienced a reorganization. During a staff meeting, you learn that division leadership announced shifting technology to the cloud as the top strategic priority. You have been managing a project using an Agile approach, and you know this has a direct impact on your project. What are you likely to do next?
Select one Mark question
Assess the impact to the backlog and refine the backlog with the help of the team
Cancel the project and submit a new project that will properly address the updated scope
Meet with division leadership to obtain an exception against going to the cloud
Sit down with the sponsor to assess the impact and proceed with the change management process
Agile practices are highly adaptable to change and regularly assess the need for change and evolving requirements. In this scenario, changing requirements would require an assessment and refinement of the backlog with the consultation of the team.
166
You are the project manager for BB Tops, a nationwide toy store chain. Your new project involves creating a prototype display at several stores across the country. You are using an agile methodology to manage your project and will be hiring contract services to help with this project. It's critical to the organization that this project succeed. You know which of the following are true?
Select three Mark question
You could use a fixed price increment contract to foster a shared-risk-reward relationship.
You could use a value-driven structure so that the vendors receive payments at specific milestones.
The key is to foster a collaborative approach that shares the risks and rewards with the vendor and the organization. This is known as a shared-risk-reward relationship.
Project failures are due to a breakdown in the customervendor relationship, so you know it's important to build a strong relationship with them and use a collaborative approach.
A value-driven structure is not conducive to agile methodologies because it emphasizes meeting a milestone rather than producing value-driven deliverables.
167
```
Chu is a Scrum master working closely with Rita, the product owner, to release the latest version of a digital music device. The team is currently in their fourth sprint. Chu joins the team near the coffee machine, where their Kanban board was placed, to meet for 15 minutes and talk through what each team member completed since yesterday, what they will complete, and any obstacles that may get in the way of their commitment. What activity is Chu and the team engaged in?
Select one Mark question
Backlog refinement
Sprint retrospective
Sprint planning
Daily Scrum
```
The Daily Scrum is intended to keep the team functioning on the same page, microcommit to each other, and address any impediments immediately. In her role as Scrum master, Chu attends to support the team and ensure they understand their roles and Scrum processes.
168
```
Tom is a project manager working for a reputable editorial agency specializing in exam preparation. He and his team use Agile approaches to manage projects. Because of the company’s growth, three new project managers have been hired, and Tom has stepped up to mentor the new hires. Given their limited experience with Agile, he decides to walk them through the four values and twelve principles that define Agile in order to help them adopt an Agile mindset. What is Tom reviewing with the project managers?
Select one Mark question
Agile Principles
Agile Guide
Agile Charter
Agile Manifesto
```
The Agile Manifesto identifies 12 principles that describe the Agile approach. It came about through a group of software developers who came together in 2001 to formalize the Agile approach.
169
```
A product owner calls the Scrum master and requests to see the remaining work effort for the sprint. What is the Scrum master likely to show the product owner in response?
Select one Mark question
A burndown chart
A sprint summary chart
A bubble chart
A status report
```
A burndown chart shows the time remaining for the sprint and displays the time period of the sprint on the horizontal axis and the backlog items on the vertical axis.
170
```
An Agile-based team holds monthly status review meetings with the product owner to review deliverables produced post-iteration. Following the demo, the product owner uses part of the meeting to facilitate a general status review for the project. A good status review meeting uses which type of communication method?
Select one Mark question
Public
Push
Interactive
Pull
```
Status review meetings are considered one of the most important types of meetings a project manager holds throughout the project. These types of meetings use interactive communication, where communication occurs between stakeholders and is live.
171
```
Julie is a product manager responsible for a line of smart water bottles that connect to a mobile app to capture data and provide suggestions regarding your drinking habits. Julie meets with the Scrum team to talk through a major issue that threatens the latest release. Together, the team decides to focus collectively on the issue at hand until it is resolved. What is this an example of?
Select one Mark question
Issue management
Collaboration
Value-focused work
Swarming
```
Swarming is a strategy where the team, or several team members, focus collectively on resolving a blocker.
172
```
Your company was recently awarded a software development project, and you have just completed the scope management plan. The sponsor reviews the plan and states that the client specified the use of Scrum, while the plan indicates a waterfall approach. Which component of the project management plan did you most likely overlook while developing the scope management plan?
Select one Mark question
The contract with the client
Requirements management plan
Project life cycle description
Development approach
```
The scope management plan is created as an output of the Plan Scope Management process. The question indicates that the project requirements specified by the client included the use of Scrum as a development methodology, and the scope management plan reflected a waterfall framework. The components of the project management plan that may serve as inputs into the Plan Scope Management process typically include the quality management plan, project life cycle description, and development approach. The development approach defines whether waterfall, iterative, adaptive, agile, or a hybrid development approach will be used on the project. Scrum is an example of an agile methodology. Therefore, the component of the project management plan that you, as the project manager, most likely overlooked was the development approach.
173
On-demand scheduling is one of the techniques used in agile projects. This type of scheduling relies on:
Select one Mark question
Skills of the project manager rather than the skills of the team.
A backlog or intermediate queue of work to be done.
Discretionary dependencies that cannot be changed by the project team.
A schedule that was developed previously for the development of the project increments.
On-demand scheduling does not rely on a schedule that was developed previously for the development of the product or product increments, but rather pulls work from a backlog or intermediate queue of work to be done immediately as resources become available.
174
Which of the following best describes the role of a cross-functional team member within an Agile team?
Select one Mark question
The individual who guides and coaches the team, sometimes referred to as Scrum master, project manager, or team coach
Individuals who possess the skills necessary to produce a working product
The individual with decision-making authority who authorizes and releases team member assignments
The individual responsible for guiding the direction of the product
There are three common roles used in Agile teams: cross-functional team member, product owner, and team facilitator.
175
```
In an agile approach to project management, requirements classified as “epics” are decomposed into:
Select one Mark question
User stories
WBS elements
WBS dictionary
Work packages
```
In an agile approach, epics are decomposed into smaller components called user stories.
176
According to the Agile Manifesto, which of the following should be more highly valued than contract negotiation?
Select one Mark question
Simplicity
Customer collaboration
Using motivated individuals to deliver business value
Satisfying the customer using continuous delivery
Customer collaboration is more highly valued than contract negotiation, according to the Agile Manifesto.
177
Within Agile, a “T” shaped person refers to what?
Select one Mark question
An individual who supplements their expertise in one area with less-developed skills in associated areas
A generalist who can take on any work within the backlog, regardless of skills needed
An individual who is early in their career and requires coaching in tandem with an assignment
An individual who has deep specializations in one domain and rarely contributes outside of it
Within Agile there is a concept that describes the degree to which individuals can take on work, according to their depth and breadth. “T” shaped people are considered generalizing specialists who have expertise in an area but can also contribute to other areas. “I” shaped people refers to those who have deep specialization in one domain and rarely contribute to work outside of that domain.
178
```
Tom is a project manager working for a reputable editorial agency specializing in exam preparation. He and his team use Agile approaches to manage projects. As part of kicking off his latest project, Tom drafts a team charter. What will he capture in this document?
Select one Mark question
Team values
Working agreements
All are correct
Ground rules
Group norms
```
A team charter serves as a type of social contract for the team. According to the Agile Practice Guide, the team charter captures team values, working agreements, ground rules, and group norms.
179
Match the Agile approach with its description.
```
Crystal methods - Focuses on delivering usable, working software continually in a timely manner
Feature-driven development - A family of methodologies designed to scale to the project needs
eXtreme Programming (XP) - A pull-based concept where work progresses to the next step only when resources are available
Scrum - Focuses on delivering software that’s ready when the customer needs it
Kanban - A single-team process framework typically used to manage product development
```
There are several Agile-based approaches that follow iterative or flow-based Agile methods. In addition to the various flavors of Agile, hybrid approaches also exist, such as Scrumban (a combination of Kanban and Scrum).
180
In a flow-based agile approach, which of the following questions would you ask at the daily stand-up meeting? (Choose two.)
Select two Mark question
What is needed to advance this task?
Are there any roadblocks preventing me from doing my work?
Are tasks being worked that are not on the board?
What did I accomplish yesterday?
What will I work on today?
In a flow-based approach, this question would ask whether there are bottlenecks or roadblocks in the workflow.
181
Which of the following reflect key values listed in the Agile Manifesto?
Select all right Mark question
Individuals and interactions over processes and tools
Responding to change over following a plan
Customer collaboration over contract negotiation
Evolving software over comprehensive documentation
The Agile Manifesto for Software Development was published in 2001 by thought leaders in the software industry. The intent was to propose a new way of developing software. It consists of 12 principles and 4 key values.
182
```
When evaluating whether to adopt a predictive, Agile, or hybrid approach, what three categories can an organization assess suitability against?
Select three Mark question
Team
Culture
Industry
Project
```
There are various Agile suitability filters and/or models available that help determine whether an organization would benefit from adopting Agile approaches. A broad model presented within the Agile Practice Guide assesses organizations against three categories: culture (i.e., does the environment support the approach?), team (i.e., is the team of a suitable size?), and project (i.e., are there high rates of change?).
183
You work for Writer's Block, a service that reviews and critiques manuscripts for aspiring writers. You were assigned to be the project manager for a new computer system that logs, tracks, and electronically scans and files all submitted manuscripts along with the editor's notes. You hired a vendor to perform this project, and they used an agile methodology to manage the project. You are documenting how well the tailoring processes and project integration worked for this project. Which of the following information will you document regarding project integration?
Select one Mark question
You documented the project life cycle and development life cycle you used to manage the project.
You documented the management approaches used on the project.
You documented how project knowledge was managed.
You documented the expected benefits to ensure the intended benefits were brought about on the project.
All are correct
All of the options are considered when examining whether the tailoring processes and project integration management produced the results you were expecting.
184
Managing the project team for an agile based project, the project manager takes a servant role and allows the team to be self-organizing. Why is this possible?
Select one Mark question
The team is larger than one project manager can put in one meeting room.
The team is comprised of subject matter experts that have specific roles and skills.
The team is comprised of generalists and able to support each other fluidly.
The team relies on the project manager's leadership and assignments.
Directing and managing a project team in an agile environment often enables the project manager to take a servant role and the project team to take more ownership and decision making roles. Ideally, agile teams are comprised of generalized specialists, meaning the team members are cross-functional who have both a focused specialty plus a breadth of experience across multiple skills, instead of subject matter experts as often acceptable in traditionally managed projects. As such, the project team can move as necessary between the tasks and form self-organizing units freely and fluidly as the project demands. The project manager takes a more supportive role and works to remove roadblocks and empower the team.
185
```
An agile team’s social contract likely addresses which of the following?
Select three Mark question
Team assignments
Group norms
Ground rules
Team values
```
The team charter, also referred to as a team’s social contract, typically addresses how the team will work together and interact. Examples provided by the Agile Practice Guide include team values, working agreements, ground rules, and group norms. Team assignments are not typically included within this social contract.
186
A PMO leader is guiding the organization through Agile adoption. What characteristics should she consider when evaluating organizational readiness of Agile approaches?
Select three Mark question
Focus on long-term goals
Focus on short-term budgeting and metrics
Management’s willingness to change
Willingness of the organization to shift its views
When considering Agile approaches, organizational leaders should evaluate the compatibility of those methods to determine whether the organization is ready and can support such change. This includes the willingness to change at the executive management level and at the broader organizational level. There must be a willingness to focus on short-term budgeting and metrics versus long-term goals.
187
```
Sue leads a PMO that is in the process of shifting the organization from using predictive to more adaptive approaches to delivering project outcomes. During an Agile training session for her organization, a team member asks, “How many people are on a project team?” What response is Sue likely to provide?
Select one Mark question
3–9.
10–15.
There is no set number.
1–5.
```
The recommended size of an Agile team is three to nine team members. It is recommended that Agile teams be colocated and dedicated to the project when possible.
188
Directing project work on an agile project consists of several steps. Match the following steps with their descriptions.
Third Step - Planning meetings are held at the beginning of the iteration to pull user stories into the iteration backlog
First Step - Retrospectives are held at the end of the iteration to determine what went well, what improvements can be made to the process, and what didn't go well.
Fifth Step - The product backlog is defined.
Second Step - Daily stand-ups are conducted to examine what was worked on yesterday, what will be worked on today, and what obstacles are standing in the way.
Fourth Step - Review meetings are held to examine the work of the iteration and provide and receive feedback
Agile projects typically follow a workflow that consists of defining the product backlog, holding planning meetings, conducting daily stand-ups, holding review meetings, and conducting retrospectives.
189
Agile project management can best be described as which of the following?
Select one Mark question
A method of managing projects through large portions of work that can be easily planned and executed to produce the overall product, service, or result of the project
A method of managing projects in small, incremental portions of work that can be easily assigned, easily managed, and completed within a short period of time
A method that focuses on defining the requirements of the project early on in the project life cycle, before moving into execution
An underlying concept that shows the integrative nature of the process groups that notes that each element in the life cycle is results-oriented
Agile project management is a methodology that manages projects through iterations of work; it allows the team to quickly adapt to new requirements and allows for continual assessment of goals, deliverables, and functionality of the product, service, or result of the project.
190
```
Gabriela is responsible for leading project delivery efforts within her department. Currently, she is managing a project that will add a series of new features to a smartphone application that offers users an interactive “virtual friend.” She is managing the beginning and end of the project using a waterfall approach and executing the work by following Scrum practices. At the onset of the project, Gabriela documents how the project will be executed, monitored, and closed. What document is Gabriela creating?
Select one Mark question
Release backlog
Agile Manifesto
The project management plan
Stakeholder engagement plan
```
The project management plan describes how the project will be executed, monitored and controlled, and closed. It addresses the various elements of how the project will be managed, including any methodology that will be used.
191
```
You are a lead project manager for a company that develops and manufactures healthcare devices. Your team has recently begun to adopt Agile practices after receiving the directive from the division president. While the team has complied, you know from experience that hybrid is the best path forward. You request and are granted a meeting with the division president, where you present your case advocating for a hybrid approach. At the close of the meeting, she agrees to your recommendation, crediting your experience and background. What power type is at play in this scenario?
Select one Mark question
Legitimate
Punishment
Referent
Expert
```
Expert power occurs when the person being influenced believes that the person doing the influencing is knowledgeable about the subject. In this case, the division president felt that your experience and knowledge gave merit to your advice.
192
Which of the following best describes the role of a product owner within the Agile methodology?
Select one Mark question
The product owner coordinates the work of the sprint and runs interference between the team and distractions keeping them from their work.
The product owner represents the stakeholders and is the liaison between the stakeholders, the Scrum master, and the development team.
The product owner has a vested interest in the project or the outcomes of the project and interfaces with stakeholders.
The product owner is responsible for completing the backlog items and signing up for tasks based on priorities established.
The product owner speaks on behalf of the business unit, customer, or end user, and is therefore considered to be the voice of the customer. The product owner represents the stakeholders and is the liaison between stakeholders, the Scrum master, and the development team.
193
```
122 of 15002:55:43
Alyssa is a project manager tasked with managing an infrastructure project that will consolidate five data centers into one. She has used a waterfall approach to carry out initial planning activities and is executing the work using an Agile-based approach. She shows the team how much work remains to be completed during their current iteration and the forecast of work to be completed for the remaining iterations based on existing velocity. What is Alyssa showing them?
Select one Mark question
Milestone chart
Burndown chart
Schedule
Burnup chart
```
A burndown chart is used to track the remaining work to be completed against the backlog. It shows work completed to date by iteration and the forecasted rate at which the team will complete the remaining work over the remaining iterations, based on velocity.
194
Your organization has historically performed projects using a predictive methodology. You'd like to give the agile process a try. You have a low-risk, low-priority project that is perfect for this experiment. However, the project sponsor of this project is nervous about using a new approach that's never been tried before. Which of the following actions should you take in this scenario?
Select one Mark question
Consider using a hybrid approach to help the sponsor feel a little more at ease, because this will mix some of the processes with which they are familiar with agile processes.
All of the above.
Mentor the sponsor and the stakeholders on the agile process by providing training to educate them on the agile processes.
Ensure that the sponsor is committed to the project and to the methodology.
Make certain you are allocating time to mentoring stakeholders.
All of the options are true regarding mentoring stakeholders and ensuring buy-in for the project.
195
You work within an organization that uses Agile practices to manage projects. What type of performance measurements are you likely to use when evaluating your project?
Select one Mark question
Cost-efficiency measurements only
Empirical measurements only
Value-based and empirical measurements
Predictive and cost-efficiency measurements
Agile teams focus on measuring value and what the team delivers versus what the team predicted it would deliver. Measurements tend to be empirical and value-based in nature.
196
```
These types of meetings are associated with the agile project management methodologies. They occur at the beginning of an iteration. Team members choose items from the backlog list to work on during the iteration. What is this meeting called?
Select one Mark question
Retrospective planning meeting
Planning meeting
Daily stand-up planning meeting
Review planning meeting
```
The planning meeting occurs at the beginning of an iteration or sprint. Team members choose the items from the backlog that they will work on in the upcoming sprint.
197
Which of the following best describes the role of a team facilitator within an Agile team?
Select one Mark question
The individual responsible for guiding the direction of the product
The individual with decision-making authority who authorizes and releases team member assignments
The individual who guides and coaches the team, sometimes referred to as Scrum master, project manager, or team coach
Individuals who possess the skills necessary to produce a working product
There are three common roles used in Agile teams: cross-functional team member, product owner, and team facilitator.
198
You work within a PMO that is in the process of transitioning to an Agile way of working. The team has met with high resistance from leadership who are unaccustomed to adaptive approaches. What can the PMO leader do to encourage adoption?
Select one Mark question
Forge forward and provide point-in-time training on the new methods as they are being used
Remain with a predictive approach until support from leadership increases
Use a hybrid method that combines predictive and adaptive approaches
Train project managers on the various adaptive approaches to help spread the word
Transitioning to Agile approaches can be difficult and confusing for those not familiar or accustomed to this way of working. One method of gaining adoption is to begin using hybrid approaches that combine both predictive and Agile approaches as a means of introducing the team to Agile.
199
```
Which of the following is an example of a chart, used on agile projects, that tracks the work that remains to be completed in the iteration backlog?
Select one Mark question
Control chart
Scatter diagrams
Burndown chart
Histogram
```
An iteration burndown chart tracks the work that remains to be completed in the iteration backlog. The rest of the choices quality management tools.
200
Oreste is managing a project release using the Scrum model and has decided to colocate the team for the duration of the project. What benefits will Oreste realize by using this approach?
Select three Mark question
Expand the pool of available resources
Increase knowledge sharing
Increase the effectiveness of team dynamics
Create a continuous learning environment at a reduced cost
According to the Agile Practice Guide, colocation improves communication, increases knowledge sharing, enables team member commitment to each other and the project, and creates a low-cost continuous learning environment.
201
```
Which of the following are events used by Scrum teams?
Select three Mark question
Sprint retrospective
Weekly scrum
Sprint review
Sprint planning
```
There are four primary events used by Scrum teams: sprint planning, daily scrum (versus weekly), sprint review, and sprint retrospective.
202
Your Scrum team's velocity rate is 24 story points per iteration. There are 165 total story points. Which of the following statements are true regarding this question? (Choose two.)
Select two Mark question
This information can be tracked on a burndown chart.
Velocity is used to estimate the capacity of the Scrum team.
A Kanban board can display this information.
The project needs seven iterations to complete all of the work of the project.
Velocity is used to determine how long it will take to complete the work of the iteration. It measures the speed with which the team progresses, not capacity. Kanban boards display work based on capacity. Velocity is time bound.
203
```
All of the following are common roles used in Agile projects except for which one?
Select one Mark question
Product owner
Cross-functional team member
Project manager
Team facilitator
```
According to the Agile Practice Guide, there are three common roles used in Agile projects: cross-functional team member, product owner, and team facilitator. Many Agile frameworks and approaches do not address the role of project manager.
204
```
A Scrum master brings the team together at 9 a.m. sharp every morning. He asks the team the following questions: What did you accomplish yesterday? What will you work on today? Do you have any roadblocks or issues preventing you from doing your work? What activity is the team engaged in?
Select one Mark question
A daily roundup
A sprint planning meeting
A Scrum meeting
A status meeting
```
The question describes a daily stand-up, referred to as a Daily Scrum meeting. These meetings are typically held at the same time and place every day and are time-boxed to typically no more than 15 minutes. The purpose is to keep the team informed and alert the Scrum master of any obstacles in the way of completing tasks.
205
```
Tom is a project manager working for a reputable editorial agency specializing in exam preparation. He and his team use Agile approaches to manage projects. Because of the company’s growth, three new project managers have been hired, and Tom has stepped up to mentor the new hires. During a mentoring session, Tom advises that the team take advantage of the open workspace environment and use osmotic communication. What is osmotic communication?
Select one Mark question
Ad hoc team meetings
A polite form of eavesdropping
A three-way dialogue
Planned quiet periods
```
Osmotic communication is a form of polite eavesdropping and is used within the Crystal method. It occurs when there are conversations going on in the background but are within earshot of the team. Team members overhear conversations and may realize the topic has importance to the project.
206
```
A project manager is responsible for a project that consists of Agile team members dispersed across four time zones. The team has experienced communication issues as a result. What can the project manager do to alleviate the communication challenges?
Select two Mark question
Assign work based on location
Create a fishbowl window
Set up remote pairing
Colocate the team
```
Teams that are geographically disbursed can still benefit from common virtual workspaces. The Agile Practice Guide provides two examples: creating a fishbowl window through an ongoing videoconferencing link between various locations, which is live through the workday, and setting up remote pairing through virtual conferencing tools that allow for screen, video, and audio sharing capabilities.
207
During a demo and review meeting, the progress report shows that an agile project is not on track. The project manager is surprised, because all work was purposely selected and sequenced to meet higher-level objectives. What should the project manager have done to prevent this miscommunication?
Select one Mark question
Created a contingency reserve
Encouraged the team to self organize and provide buy-in to the project
Engaged the team to record the agile progress reporting system
Trained and mentored the team on using the agile approach
For Agile projects, rather than a project manager selecting and sequencing work, higher level objectives are explained and the team members are empowered to self-organize specific tasks as a group to best meet those objectives. This leads to the creation of practical plans with high levels of buy-in from the team members.
208
```
Which of the following is an agile prototyping technique showing sequence or navigation through a series of images or illustrations:
Select one Mark question
Nominal group technique
Decision trees
Storyboarding
Mind mapping
```
Storyboarding is an agile prototyping technique that shows sequence or navigation through a series of images or illustrations. The rest of the choices are graphical techniques designed to achieve other objectives.
209
```
Which of the following are underlying success factors for forming Agile teams?
Select three Mark question
Building a foundational trust
Building a strong network
Building a safe working environment
Building an Agile mindset
```
The underlying success factors to forming effective agile teams are building a foundational trust and safe working environment, as well as an agile mindset.
210
```
Marysil is an enterprise project manager for Cups on Fire. She is managing the implementation of an enterprise relationship management system using a hybrid of waterfall and Scrum. This is the most complex project the team has undertaken to date. For this reason, she puts careful attention to risk management activities. She recently learned that a risk had materialized and become an issue, with the team missing early warning signs that could have increased the response to the situation. She decides to review information that had been captured about the risk to determine whether the risk triggers were noted correctly and to take learnings forward. What document will Marysil review to find the risk triggers that had been captured?
Select one Mark question
Risk register
Assumptions log
Risk management plan
Risk report
```
The risk register contains the list of risks captured and information about them, such as risk owners, risk triggers, risk response plans.
211
Match the following roles in the agile methodologies with their titles.
Sensei - The title similar to a project manager in the Lean methodology
Team facilitator - The title similar to a project manager in the Kanban methodology
Product owner - The liaison between the Scrum master and the stakeholders in a Scrum methodology. Also known as the voice of the customer
Flow master - A Six Sigma title
Black belt - Also known as the Scrum master. Coordinates the work of the sprint
This question describes the various titles project managers may have in different adaptive methodologies.
212
```
Which of the following agile methodologies are a type of pull system? (Choose two.)
Select two Mark question
Scrum
Kanban
XP
Six Sigma
Kaizen
Lean
```
Scrum and Kanban are considered pull systems because user stories are moved from one point in the process to the next, thereby freeing up space to pull other user stories from the backlog.
213
Match the Agile project charter component to the question it addresses.
Project purpose - Who benefits and how?
Release criteria - How are we going to work together?
Project vision - What does “done” mean for the project?
Flow of work - Why are we doing this project?
Agile teams need a clear project vision and purpose, which are provided through a project charter. Agile project charters address the reasoning for the project, as well as team norms and how the team will collaborate.
214
```
Tom is a project manager working for a reputable editorial agency specializing in exam preparation. He and his team use Agile approaches to manage projects. Because of the company’s growth, three new project managers have been hired, and Tom has stepped up to mentor the new hires. One of the new project managers is struggling with her project and has asked Tom for help. She notes that her team is not working effectively together, frequently missing team meetings and having difficulty in reaching agreements. What can Tom suggest to turn the team around?
Select one Mark question
Shift to a waterfall approach
Charter the team
Discipline the team
Facilitate team-building activities
```
Agile teams often create a team charter as a way of creating a social contract for the team. The team charter identifies team norms and an understanding of how the team is to work together. This social contract captures team values, working agreements, ground rules, and group norms.
215
```
Which of the following agile methodologies relies heavily on statistical data?
Select one Mark question
XP
Six Sigma
Kanban
Lean
Scrum
Kaizen
```
Six Sigma relies heavily on statistical data.
216
```
Alyssa is a project manager tasked with managing an infrastructure project that will consolidate five data centers into one. She has used a waterfall approach to carry out initial planning activities and is executing the work using an Agile-based approach. This hybrid approach is new to her and the team. After completing their second iteration, Alyssa gets the team together to brainstorm how they can continue to improve the process. One team member with experience using Agile approaches recommends getting together at the conclusion of each iteration to talk about what went well, what could be improved, and what they will commit to change during the next iteration. What is the team member recommending?
Select one Mark question
Iteration planning
Retrospectives
Backlog refinement
Lessons learned
```
A retrospective is similar to a lessons learned session in that the team learns from previous work. Retrospectives are a way for Agile teams to learn about and improve the process. Oftentimes, teams will commit to improving one item during the next iteration.
217
```
Waterfall, Agile, and PRINCE2 are all examples of what?
Select one Mark question
Global practices for managing projects
Methods of managing a project
Project management tools and techniques
A set of project management standards
```
Waterfall, Agile, and PRINCE2 are examples of methodologies used to manage projects.
218
Which of the following influences the use of Agile approaches?
Select one Mark question
Knowledge of project management methodologies
Existence of a PMO
Maturity of an organization
Organization’s culture
An organization’s culture heavily influences the type of project management approaches adopted by project teams and how Agile approaches are used. For example, startup environments tend to operate in a lean fashion, opting to fail fast and iterate to produce results quickly.
219
```
When using an agile methodology to manage your project, all of the following Knowledge Areas have processes that are performed before, during, and after an iteration except for which one?
Select one Mark question
Risk Management
Schedule Management
Procurement Management
Quality Management
```
Procurement Management generally occurs at the beginning of the project in an agile methodology. You may have procurements at some point in the project and they may become a iteration activity, but they are not performed before, during, and after every iteration.
220
```
Alyssa is a project manager tasked with managing an infrastructure project that will consolidate five data centers into one. She is using a waterfall approach to carry out initial planning activities and will execute the work using an Agile-based approach. Alyssa is currently facilitating the estimating process to calculate the duration of the project’s activities. When she gets to the “run cable” activity, one team member tells her that in a past similar project, they ran a similar length of cable in 13 hours; another team member tells her that they can run 110 meters of cable per hour. The team will need to run a total of 1,320 meters of cable. Using the parametric estimating technique, how many hours will it take the team to run the cable?
Select one Mark question
9
13
10
12
```
Parametric estimating is a quantitatively based estimating method that multiplies the quantity of work by the rate or uses an algorithm in conjunction with historical data to determine cost, budget, or duration estimates. Based on this definition, take 1,320 and divide by 110 to get 12.
221
```
A team crowds around a board that contains cards categorized in the following way: to do, doing, and done. As team member capacity opens, they grab a card from the “to do” category and begin work. The team focuses on getting work done versus starting new work. What type of Agile approach is the team using?
Select one Mark question
XP
Kanban
Lean
Agile UP
```
Kanban is an agile approach that is often used in manufacturing projects but also makes a presence in the information technology field. Using Kanban, the work is balanced against available resources or available capacity for work. It’s a pull-based concept where work progresses to the next step only when resources are available.
