Building Blocks of the NS Jan 16

Question 1

Damage to the visual cortex can lead to?

Answer 1

Cortical Blindness

Question 2

Cortical Blindness

Answer 2

Partial loss of vision caused by damage to occipital cortex

Question 3

Parietal Lobe is responsible for?

Answer 3

BAS: Body awareness, attentions, spatial navigation,

Question 4

Damage to parietal lobe leads to

Answer 4

Attentional/ Hemispatial Neglect, not blindness but you neglect the left side of your visual field

Question 5

What is one of the most evolved parts of the brain?

Answer 5

Frontal lobe

Question 6

Frontal Lobe

Answer 6

Motor Functions, Speech, attention, EF, impulse control

Question 7

What part of the brain distinct us from other animals?

Answer 7

Frontal Lobe

Question 8

Temporal Lobe

Answer 8

HAL: Higher level visual processing, Auditory Cortex, Language Comprehension

Question 9

Disruption of visual areas can lead to

Answer 9

Agnosia

Question 10

Disruption of language areas can lead to

Answer 10

Aphasia

Question 11

Agnosia

Answer 11

Form of blindness to specific domains

Question 12

Aphasia

Answer 12

Loss of ability to understand or express speech

Question 13

Broca’s area

Answer 13

Speech production

Broken speech

Question 14

Wernicke’s area

Answer 14

Understanding words

Question 15

Your ___ system is composted of what two system?

Answer 15

Nervous system; CNS & PNS

Question 16

CNS

Answer 16

Everything enclosed in the bones of the cranium & vertebae

Question 17

What are the 3 layers of the meninges?

Answer 17

Dura: outermost & thickest
Arachnoid: spider-like web & in between
Pia: innermost & thinnest

Question 18

What tissue covers the skull & brain?

Answer 18

Meninges

Question 19

Meningitis

Answer 19

Viral or bacterial infection of the meninges & results in inflammation

Question 20

Meningioma

Answer 20

An uncontrolled growth of cells in the meninges produces a surface tumor

Question 21

Cells in the brain are evenly divided between ____ & ____

Answer 21

neurons & glia

Question 22

All mammalian neurons have ____ & _____

Answer 22

1 cell body & 1 axon but have many dendrites

Question 23

dendritic spines

Answer 23

• the more the better
• snypases are made on the spines
• they are the site at which excitatory synapses are formed

Question 24

Phospolipids

Answer 24

Makes up the plasma membrane

Question 25

Phospholipids are made up of what four things?

Answer 25

1) Two fatty acid tails 2) Love fat (lipophilic) 3) Tails gate water (hydropholic) 4) head loves water (hydropohillic)

Question 26

What are made at dendritic spines?

Answer 26

Synpases

Question 27

What are pumps?

Answer 27

They are special class of membrane proteins that require energy AGAINST the concentration gradient; maintains balance

Question 28

Receptors that form ion channels are called

Answer 28

Inonotropic receptors

Question 29

What happens when nuerotransmitters bind?

Answer 29

It changes in the shape of the proteins that make up the channel- this is called conformational change

Question 30

Iontropic *ON EXAM*

Answer 30

Rapid action Short term Signaling

Question 31

Metabotropic

Answer 31

Slow Longer effect Modulating

Question 32

What are the 3 elements that make up the neuronal cytoskeleton?

Answer 32

Microtobulues, neurofilaments, actin microfilament

Question 33

What are the 2 major structural elements of a neuron? What do they do?

Answer 33

neurofilaments & actin microfilament- they maintain & establish a neuron's complex shape

Question 34

What do nuerons use microtubles for?

Answer 34

As highways to transport vesicles & other organelles

Question 35

Name one class of glial cells

Answer 35

Ogliodendrocyte

Question 36

Why can the schwann cells respond quickly to injury?

Answer 36

Can phagocytose damaged meylin & produce new myelin in a short amount of time

Question 37

Signaling

Answer 37

Sends messages that need action; talking, moving, sensation/perception

Question 38

Astrocytes

Answer 38

Helps the blood vessels pump nutrients from the cell

Question 39

What are the immune cells of the brain

Answer 39

Microglia

Question 40

How can activation of microglia be problematic?

Answer 40

If there is not threat/infection & they activate

Question 41

What does microglia do?

Answer 41

It surveys for damage, infection, engulfing dead cells & debris

Question 42

What do ependymal cells make?

Answer 42

Epithelial cells produce, secrete, & circulate CSF in the ventricles

Question 43

Ionotropic receptors are _____ and _____ in their action than metabotropic receptors and are more likely to be involved in ___ than ___

Answer 43

Faster and shorter; signaling and modulating

Question 44

Dendritic spines

Answer 44

- synapses are made on the spine - the more spines, the better - if you add more synpases= more spines

Question 45

In the CNS, where do majority of the excitatory synapses form?

Answer 45

On dendritic spines

Question 46

Phospholipid

Answer 46

Makes up the plasma membrane

Question 47

Phospholipids are composed of what three things?

Answer 47

1) Two fatty acid tails 2) Love fat ( Lipophilic) 3) Polar head that loves water (Hydrophilic)

Question 48

What is a pump

Answer 48

special class of membrane proteins that requires energy to operate AGAINST the concentration gradient

Question 49

Modulating

Answer 49

Happnes at a much slower pace; memory, emotion,

Question 50

_____ is important for transporting waste out of the cell

Answer 50

Microtobulues