Bugs - Chlamydia, Mycoplasma

Question 1

two relevant species of chlamydia pathogenic to humans

two relavent veterinary species of chlamydia

Answer 1

• c. trachomatis*
• c. pneumoniae*
• c. psittaci*
• c. abortus*

Question 2

developmental cycle of chlamydia infection

Answer 2

1. elementary body(EB) binds host cell and is internalized in a vacuole(inclusion)
2. EB differentiates into a reticulate body(RB) which is metabolically active and starts to grow
3. RBs multiply and at about 20-40hrs after infeciton, differentiate back into EBs
4. once 100-1000 EBs form, the inclusion is mature and it can lyse to spread to other cells!

Question 3

chlamydia virulence factors

Answer 3

1. adherence proteins
2. autotransport(T5S) - moves polymorphic membrane proteins to surface; need for adherence, antigen variation
3. Type III Secretion(T3S) - molecular syringe; injects virulence factors across membrane of cell/inclusion
4. clostridial toxins

Question 4

diseases caused by C. trachomatis

Answer 4

1. inclusion conjuctivits - primary infection
   
   • opthalmia neonatorum in newborns
2. follicular conjuctivitis(trachoma) - chronic infection
3. pneumonia syndrome of newborn
4. genital STI

newborns get infection passed to them from mama at birth;

Question 5

leading cause of infectious/preventable blindness in world?

treatment?

Answer 5

trachoma

treat with erythromycin/macrolides

tetracyclines have chlamydia too but werent mentioned

treatment for trachoma is only effective in childhood….

Question 6

range of symptoms for **C. pneumoniae **infection

treatment?

Answer 6

common cold-like symptoms to atypical CA-pneumonia

infection is very common; virtually everyone is infected at one point in lifetime.

treat with doxycycline, erythromycin, quinolones(levofloxacin) at least 10 days

Question 7

sequelae of chlamydia pneumoniae

Answer 7

ATHEROSCLEROSIS

MS

chronic bronchitis

asthma

COPD exacerbation

reactive arthritis

AAA

stroke

Question 8

when you have a patient that works with exotic birds, ducks, poultry farms, etc, and has flu-like/pneumonia symtpoms, what goes on your differential?

Answer 8

chlamydia

C. pssittaci

treat with doxy or tetracyclines

Question 9

mycoplasma morphology

Answer 9

NO WALL….evolved from GP

TINY(0.3-1u)

pleimorphic–>weird shapes

‘fried egg colony’ - most types

‘mulberry colony’ m. pneumoniae

Question 10

clinically relevant mycoplasma species

Answer 10

m. pneumoniae

m. hominis

m. genitalium

m. fermentens

ureaplasma urealyticum

Question 11

virulence factors for mycoplasma

Answer 11

1. hemolysins(alpha or beta)
2. polysaccharide capsule
3. Toxins
   
   1. m. pneumoniae - CA-resp distress syndrome(CARDS) toxin
   2. ADP ribosylating
   3. vacuolating toxin

Question 12

disease caused by mycoplasma pneumoniae

treatment?

Answer 12

CA-pneumonia(walking) –>

• leading pneumonia for school age children
• dry cough, malaise, low fever, scratchy sore throat

treatment: doxycyclin, erythromycin, azithromycin, levoflaxin, ciproflaxin (tetracyclines, macrolides, fluoroquinolones)

Question 13

diseases caused by m. hominis, m. genitalium & u. urealyticum

Answer 13

recovered colonies in 70-80% of SAAs; usually act as normal flora

opportunistic STIs; usually infect w/other pathogens

u. urealyticum can cause NGU

Question 14

mycoplasma species associated with HIV/AIDS

Answer 14

m. fermentans, m. penetrans increase HIV virulence