Bacterial Structure/Characteristics/Physiology

Question 1

unique molecules on surface of GP bacteria

Answer 1

teichoic acids, lipotechoic(LTA) polymers

LTA is recognized by TLR2

Question 2

process of Gram staining

Answer 2

crystal violet

iodine to lock in stain to GP

declolorize w/alcohol(GN lose color)

counter stain with safranin

GN will be pink(safranin); GP will be purple(crystal violet)

Question 3

unique molecules on surface of acid-fast bacteria

classic acid fast bacteria?

Answer 3

mycolic acid

wax d

arabinogalactans

sulfolipids

mycobacterium are acid-fast

Question 4

stains for acid fast bacteria

Answer 4

carbolfuchsin

counter stain methylin blue

Question 5

structure of peptidoglycans

Answer 5

NAG-NAM sugar backbone

peptide cross-bridges and side chains(additional layers)

Question 6

describe these “types” of flagellum

amphitrichous

lophotrichous

peritrichous

monotrichous

Answer 6

amphitrichous - single on each end

lophotricous - multiple flagellum; same spot

peritrichous - multiple in all directions

monotrichous - single

Question 7

where does chromosomal replicaiton occur in bacteria?

Answer 7

@ cell membrane

septum forms between copies

Question 8

obligate aerobes

obligate anaerobes

facultative anaerobes

microaerophils

Answer 8

obligate aerobes - need O2 for respiration

obligate anaerobes - killed by O2; use fermentation

facultative anaerobes - prefer O2 but dont need it; respiraiton or fermentation

microaerophils - can withstand low levels of O2

Question 9

Thermophilic

mesophilic

psychrophilic

Answer 9

thermo - optimal temp is 65+-10ºC, min 35-40ºC

mesophilic - optimal temp is 37!!!(most pathogenic) min is 10-15ºC

**psychrophilic **

• facultative - similar to mesophilic but grow down to 0ºC
• obligate - opt is 17ºC, killed over 20ºC

Question 10

phases of bacterial growth curve

Answer 10

lag phase - making machinery

log phase - GROWIN WOOOO

stationary phase - uh oh, running out of shit

decline phase(death phase) - aahgalkjf;lakshhg;lksdf

Question 11

pour plates

Answer 11

used to asses # colonizing bacteria present in an original sample;

you dilute it down; count colonies; then back calculate original sample

Question 12

factors involved in antibiotic resistance in biofilms

Answer 12

1. cells grow slow in there so they arent affected as much
2. cells in biofilm can get word that antibiotics are present and express stress responses to induce resistance
3. antibiotics have trouble penetrating

Question 13

Asepsis

Answer 13

state of being free of microorganisms

Question 14

sterilization

Answer 14

inactivation or elimination of ALL viable organism and their spores

Question 15

disinfection

Answer 15

process of removing/killing MOST microorganisms on or in a material

Question 16

sanitization

Answer 16

cleaning process which reduces pathogen levels to produce a healthy/clean environment

Question 17

germicide

Answer 17

substance that kills vegetative bacteria and SOME spores

Question 18

disinfectant

Answer 18

substance used on non-living objects to render them non-infectious

kills vegetative bacteria, fungi, viruses but no spores

Question 19

antiseptic

Answer 19

substance used to prevent multiplication of microroganism when applied to living systems; bacteriostatic

Question 20

sterilization w/moisture, high pressure and temperature

Answer 20

autoclave

Question 21

sterilization for things that could be damaged by moist heat(gauzes, dressings, powders)

Answer 21

Hot air sterilization

Question 22

liquid disinfection

Answer 22

filtration! uses tiny pores that remove microorganisms(cant get rid of viruses)

used for enzymes, vaccines, antibiotics