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Bacteriology -NM > Bugs - Anaerobes > Flashcards

Bugs - Anaerobes Flashcards

1
Q

peptostreptococcus is found where?

what diseases does it cause?

A

mucosal surfaces AND skin

Causes:

  1. sinusitits(can travel to brain, lungs)
  2. intraabdominal infections
  3. endometritis, pelvic abcesses
  4. cellulitis, nec fasc
  5. osteomyelitis

as an anaerobe, this will create abcesses

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2
Q

morphology of peptostreptococcus

A

GP cocci; anaerobe

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3
Q

name the relavent anaerobic, GP, non-spore, rods

A

actinomyces

lactobacillus

mobiluncus

propriobacterium

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4
Q

what diseases are caused by actinomyces?

A

actinomycoses:

  1. cerebral
  2. cervicofacial(angle of mandible)
  3. thoracic - can cause aspirate pneumonias; can move through lungs to make draining lesion
  4. abdominal - appendicitis can perforate, cause bacteremia and allow lesions in liver
  5. pelvic
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5
Q

causes woody, sulfur granules in its abcesses

has a molar tooth appearance upon culture

A

actinomyces israelii

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6
Q

pathogenesis of actinomyces israelii

A

pt’s mucosal barrier is disrupted, allowing the actinomycoses to travel

surgery, trauma, radiation, aspiration, foreign body, diverticulitis, appendicitis

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7
Q

treatment for actinomyces

A

prolonged penicillin

surgical debridement

can use erythromycin, clindamycin too

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8
Q

lactobacillus diseases?

type of pt infected?

treatment?

A

sepsis, and endocarditis(if previous valve problems)

pts are immunocompromised

treat with penicillin/gentamicin

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9
Q

what disease is mobiluncus associated with

what is the treatment for this disease

A

bacterial vaginosis

metronidazole; however, note that mobiluncus is resistant to metronidazole

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10
Q

vats dis

A

mobiluncus

comma shaped, GP non-spore, anaerobic rod

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11
Q

propionibacteria is responsible for what diseases?

A
  1. acne
  2. opportunistic diseases via foreign bodies
    • prosthetic heart valves
    • prosthetic joints
    • vascular catheters
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12
Q

vats dat

A

clumped GP, nonspore anaerobic rods

propionibacteria!

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13
Q

treament for:

  1. actinomyces
  2. lactobacilli
  3. mobiluncus
  4. propionibacteria
A
  • *actinomyces** - penicillin; erythromycin, clindamycin
  • *lactobacilli** - penicillin, or combo; resistant to vanc
  • *mobiluncus** - resistant to metronidazole but still used to treat bacterial vaginosis
  • *propionibacteria** - benzoyl peroxide, penicillin, tetracyclines, erythromycin, clindamycin
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14
Q

bacteroides fragilis morphology

A

anaerobic GN rod

LPS w/out endotoxin activity

has an important anti-phagocytosis capsule; stimulates abcess formation

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15
Q

bacteroides fragilis cause what infecitons?

A

characterized by abcess formation

intraabdominal

pelvic/endometritis

surgical wound infections

skin/soft tissue infections after surgery/trauma

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16
Q

bacteroides fragilis is resistant to….

what should you treat with?

A

penicillins

metronidazole and antibiotics to cover other bugs in infection

17
Q

fusobacterium nucleatum causes infections where?

A

oropharynx

think gingivitis to pharyngitis to jugular venous thrombophlebitis

these infections are dangerous; can move up and down in parapharyngeal spaces(DANGER ZONE)

18
Q

Lemierre’s Syndrome

A

phayngitis is complicated by peritonsillar abscess

spreads through parapharyngeal spaces to the internal jugular vein

causes thrombophlebitis which can embolize and spread to lungs where it forms MORE ABCESSES!

19
Q

treatment for fusobacterium nucleatum

A

b-lactam+/-b-lactamase inhibitor

debride abcess!

20
Q

clostridium tetani

pathogenesis

manifestation

A

introduced to body via dirty nail, splinter, dirty needle

mediated by tetanus toxin(A/B peptides); a-peptide inhibits GABA/glycine which are inhibitory NTs; causes SPASTIC PARALYSIS

21
Q

type of clostridium tetani manifestation

A
  1. generalized - masseter cntrcn; opisthotonos(back cntrcn); airway can become compromised from constant thoracic cntrcrn
  2. localized - limited to site of inoculation; can develop into general
  3. cephalic: injury to head/neck, in developing coutnries; characterized by cranial nerve involvement
  4. neonatal: umbilical stump exposed to clay/dung
22
Q

treatment for c. tetani

A

clean wound

metronidazole

passive immunization w/tetanus immunoglob

23
Q

clostridium botulinum

how does it manifest?

what are the 3 forms?

A

botulinum toxin, prtctd in GI, blocks neurotransmission at peripheral cholinergic synapses; inactivates proteins that release ACh

FLACCID PARALYSIS

  1. foodborne - toxin is found in food
  2. wound - organism contaminates wound; multiplies; makes toxin
  3. infant - organism is ingested w/food; multiplies in GI, maks toxin
24
Q

clinical presentation of c. botulinum

A

cranial neuropathies w/symmetric descending paralysis

25
Q

treatment of c. botulism

A

ventilatory support

metronidazole

trivalent botulinum antitoxin

26
Q

most common forms of botulinum toxin in US

where is c. botulinum found?

A

toxins A, B, E

found on soil, surface of fruit/veggies, marine sediment

27
Q

clostridium perfringens unique microbiology

A

large rectangular rods and “double zone” of hemolysis

rarely makes spores; aerotolerant; grows in culture fast

28
Q

diseases caused by c. perfringens

A
  1. food poisoning: ab cramps; watery diarrhea; from contaminated meat products; heat-labile enterotoxin
  2. soft tissue infections: cellulitis, fasciitis, myonecrosis(gas gangrene); DANGEROUS; hemorrhagic bullae, severe pain, edema, pallor, subq emphysema; microscopy helpful!
  3. bacteremia: most blood isolates are useless
29
Q

treatment for c. perfringens

A

penicillin works; use w/clindamycin (inhibits toxin synthesis)

30
Q

toxins of c. diff

A
  1. enterotoxin(toxin A) - attracts PMN and makes them release cytokines
  2. cytotoxin(toxin B) - destroys cellular cytoskeleton of colon(destroy actin)
31
Q

manifestation of c. diff

A

ranges from anti-biotic diarrhea to life-threatening pseudomembranous colitis

32
Q

treatment of c. diff

A

discontinue any implicated antibiotics

give oral metronidazole, (oral vanc if bad)

disinfect room

STOOL TRANSPLANT

Bacteriology -NM (12 decks)

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