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Buddhist practices Flashcards

1
Q

Temples

A

Buddhist places of worship

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2
Q

Shrines

A

In homes or temples to aid Buddhists in concentration

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3
Q

Viharas

A

Monasteries, where monks and nuns live

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4
Q

Meditation halls

A

A quiet place for Buddhists to meditate with each other

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5
Q

Gompas

A

Meditation hall for Tibetan Buddhists

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6
Q

Buddha Rupa

A

Statue of a sitting Buddha in a meditation pose

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7
Q

Samatha Meditation

A

Meditation involving calming the mind and deeper concentration.
Includes focusing on singular objects and your breathing
To then focus on teachings = severs attachments to desires

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8
Q

Kasinas

A

Images of objects, shapes and colours to help Samantha meditation
Includes fire, water, Earth and some colours

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9
Q

Vipassana meditation

A

Meditation about gaining insight into the nature of things
Involves visualising an object and exploring its reality by linking it to the 3 marks of existence

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10
Q

Zazen meditation

A

Vipassana meditation but in a certain pose to increase concentration

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11
Q

Walking meditation

A

Walking whilst meditating but timing your pace to your breathing so they are more focused

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12
Q

Visualisation of Bodhisattvas

A

Imagining the qualities of a certain Bodhisattva and visualising them in hopes to obtain them for themselves eg compassion
Visualising the Buddha in hopes of gaining his ideas in the nature of reality

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13
Q

Thangka

A

Detailed painting of a Buddha/ Bodhisattva

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14
Q

Mandala

A

Colourful pattern representing Buddhist teachings

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15
Q

Stupa

A

Dome shaped burial monument for keeping the bones of Bodhisattvas/ the Buddha himself

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16
Q

Chanting

A

Form of Buddhist worship of repeating Buddhist scriptures to calm the mind

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17
Q

Mantra

A

Set words or syllables that are chanted over and over

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18
Q

Mala

A

String beads to count the mantras

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19
Q

Wesak

A

Tibetan and Theravada festival to celebrate the birth, enlightenment and death of the Buddha
Lights, meditation, free food, art, offerings and visiting the local temple

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20
Q

Pandol

A

Art instillation depicting scenes from the Buddha’s life

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21
Q

Parinirvana day

A

Festival celebrating Buddhas death entering Nirvana

They usually go on Pilgrimages to Lumbini, Bodh Gaya, Sarnath and Kushinagar.

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22
Q

Tibetan Sky Funeral

A

Where Tibetans take bodies of dead family members to the top of a mountain and feed it to vultures to dispose of them
Contributes to cycle of life and death

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23
Q

Candles

A

Symbolises wisdom

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24
Q

Flowers

A

To symbolise impermanence

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25
Incense
To symbolise purity
26
Transferring merit
In Theravada funerals rituals that transfer karma to the deceased may be performed by mourners By doing charitable acts
27
Examples of transferring merit
Offering cloth to the presiding monk on the deceased’s behalf, pouring water from a vessel into an overflowing cup, preaching, and giving offerings or giving money to charity.
28
What happens to the remains of a cremation in Pure Land?
Remains are kept for 49 days and every 7 days prayers are offered to them
29
Karma
How a persons actions and motivations can lead to either suffering or happiness in rebirth into one of the 6 realms
30
Good karma
Skilful actions motivated by generosity, compassion and understanding Helps to lead to being reborn as a human as that increases chance of enlightenment
31
Bad karma
Unskillful actions with craving, hatred, ignorant motivations Leads to being reborn as tormented beings, gods, angry gods, hungry ghosts and animals Bad because you can’t be enlightened
32
Karuna
Compassion One can’t be happy while others are suffering You should empathise with them and help them when they suffer You should also show compassion to yourself
33
Metta
Loving kindness The desire for all people to be happy by being nice: including to those who aren’t nice in return Removed the 3 poisons of hatred, greed and ignorance
34
Metta meditation
Repeating a chant to make you, someone you like, neutral person, person you dislike and the whole world to be happy
35
Six perfections
Practised by Mahayana Buddhists to become a Bodhisattva | When a disciple asked the Buddha ‘what are the bases for one to reach enlightenment?’ He answered with these perfections
36
Generosity
Giving material things Giving safety and protection Giving teachings about the Dharma Without expecting things in return
37
Morality
The 5 precepts to not kill, steal, lie, commit sexual misconduct or take intoxicants Those who do ‘digs up their own root in the world’ according to Dhammapada
38
Patience
To be tolerant and endure something Developed through Metta
39
Energy (joyous effort)
To be enthusiastic and putting in effort to develop healthy habits Relates to eightfold path of right effort
40
Quotes about meditation
“Even the Gods envy those awakened and mindful ones intent on meditation, delighting upon the absence of desire” A disciple asked the Buddha “what did you gain from meditation” and he replied “nothing but I lost anger anxiety, depression, insecurity and fear of impermanence”
41
Quotes about shrines
“The time and effort to keep the shrine clean focuses the mind” - a Buddhist monk
42
Teachings about metta
In the Karaniya Metta Sutta, the Buddha taught a group of monks to show Metta to forest dwellers so they didn’t disturb them and were happy with their presence there. It was a chant that they repeated to radiate loving kindness
43
How do Buddhists use Metta in their life?
Regularly taking part in Metta meditation, wishing for happiness and no suffering towards themselves, people they like, people they dislike and the whole world. Showing love to people whether they are suffering or not, eg giving them something nice.
43
Meditation (6 perfection)
A way to help someone achieve enlightenment - highest state of reality Through either reflecting on the nature of objects or calming your mind to reflect on teachings
44
Wisdom
Understanding what can be gained from following the Dhamma Realising or perceiving the true nature of reality
45
Why do Buddhists meditate?
A tool used to bring about enlightenment Keeps the mind healthy as it practises calming yourself to allow you to reflect on the Buddhas teachings and gain understanding of the universe Allows understanding of the nature of objects Visualisation = develop better qualities
46
Importance of monasteries
Allow laity to support the monks and nuns Increase in skilful karma
47
Importance of temples
Allows Buddhists to come together as a community Deepen faith Sense of belonging to those on same spiritual journey Contains meditation halls to reflect on dharma + study halls
48
Retreat
A period of withdrawing from every day life for meditation Free themselves of craving
49
Why are Buddhist festivals important?
Reflect on the Buddhas life Understand his teachings better to make sense of them Engage with the community Increase good karma by helping others
50
Importance of private meditation
Similar to how the Buddha became enlightened under a bodhi tree by himself Can use shrines = reflect Buddhas teachings and focus their concentration
51
Why are shrines important?
Can give offerings to reflect the Buddhas teachings and remind them A buddharupa/ Bodhisattva image to focus devotion during meditation
52
Why are study halls important?
Can learn and develop understanding if Buddhas teachings Develop wisdom, the 6 perfection and also part of the 3 fold way
53
What is the most important place of Buddhist worship?
At home because the Buddha became enlightened under a tree in private Most accessible Can have shrines at home Have access to information at home as well as from study halls
54
Puja
Events that involve meditation, offerings and gifts
55
Forms of puja
Mantras Chanting Mala Meditation Bowing Offerings
56
Why is puja important?
Expresses gratitude for Buddha’s teachings (bowing + offerings) Part of the 3 jewels to bring them closer to the Buddha Increase devotion to Buddhism Can be practised anywhere
57
Beliefs about death
Around the cycle of samsara So death is the transitional stage because no stage remains forever
58
Therevada funerals
Shrine with dead persons picture + offerings Transfer of merit by relatives helping monks eg giving cloth Monks = reciting mantras of impermanence Monks visit relatives houses to increase merit
59
Mahayana funerals
Cremated Rebirth stages take 49 days Japan = pick bones out of ash with chopsticks
60
Tibetan funerals
Tibetan book of the dead read to guide the dead to next rebirth Sky burial + monks read mantras An act of generosity for the vultures and a lesson in impermanence
61
Events at wesak
Releasing lanterns and cages birds to represent Buddha being freed from samsara cycle
62
Events at parinirvana day
Reflection and impermanence on their own immortality and cycle of samsara Pilgrimage to death site to offer thanks to the Buddha
63
Importance of karma
Encourages following of Buddhist ethics (precepts, perfections, Metta and Karuna) Dictates rebirth
64
5 moral precepts
Principles to live ethically Show what to avoid to overcome 3 poisons
65
What are the 5 moral precepts?
Refrain from taking life Refrain from theft Refrain from overindulgence in sex/ sexual misconduct Refrain from lying and gossiping Refrain from intoxicants
66
What is the most important of the 5 moral precepts?
Do not murder Impossible to become enlightened for a very long time No way to make up for it sufficiently = negative karma Literally illegal
67
Why are the 6 perfections important?
A disciple asked the Buddha ‘what are the bases to reach enlightenment’ and he answered with them A general pathway on how to correctly follow dharma
68
What is the most important Buddhist ethic?
The 5 precepts As the emphasis is to not actively harm anything. These provide a way to avoid that As negative effects usually have a larger effect than positive ones that karuna and Metta do

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