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Pharm unit 2 > Bronchodilators > Flashcards

Bronchodilators Flashcards

1
Q

Classes

A
  • Beta-Adrenergic Agonists
  • Anticholinergics
  • Xanthine Derivates (Methylxanthines)
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1
Q

Bronchodilators MOA

A
  • relax smooth muscle
  • dilates bronchi + bronchioles
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2
Q

what are Adrenergic Agonists?

A

drugs that stimulate + mimic actions of the SNS
(aka sympathomimetics)

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3
Q

Beta1-adrenergic receptors

A
  • primarily in the heart
  • stimulted by specific autonomic nerve fibers
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4
Q

Beta2-adrenergic receptors

A
  • stimulated by anutonomic nerve fibers
  • located in smooth muscle of bronchioles, arterioles, and visceral organs
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5
Q

Beta-Adrenergic Agonists

SABA

A

Short Acting Beta2 Agonist
Albuterol (Proventil)

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6
Q

Beta-Adrenergic Agonists

LABA

A

Long Acting Beta2 Agonist
Salmeterol (Serverent)

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7
Q

Beta-Adrenergic Agonists MOA

A
  • specific receptor stimulation
  • dilated airways
  • activation of beta2 receptors = cAMP to relax smooth muscle of airway
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8
Q

Beta-Adrenergic Agonists Therepeutic effects

A
  • bronchospasm relief
  • treatment and prevention of acute attacks
  • tx of hypotn and shock
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9
Q

Beta-Adrenergic Agonists Contraindications

A
  • uncontrolled hypertn
  • dysrhythmias
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10
Q

Beta-Adrenergic Agonists

Alpha and Beta AE

epinephrine

A
  • insomnia
  • restlessness
  • anorexia
  • vascular headache
  • hyperglycemia
  • tremor
  • cardiac stimulation
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11
Q

Alpha adrenergic agonists

A

sympathomimetic
Epinephrine
regulates BP

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12
Q

Beta-Adrenergic Agonists

Beta1 and Beta2 AE

metaproterenol

A
  • cardiac stimulation
  • tremor
  • angina
  • vascular headache (migraine)
  • hypotn
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13
Q

Beta-Adrenergic Agonists

Beta2 AE

albuterol

A
  • hypotn/hypertn
  • vascular headache
  • tremor
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14
Q

Inhalation drug therapy

advantages

A
  • direct
  • few systemic SE
  • rapid relief of acute attacks
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15
Q

Inhalation drug therapy

types

A
  • metered-dose inhalers (MDI)
  • dry powder inhalers
  • nebulizers
  • use of spacers
16
Q

Inhalation drug therapy

disadvantages

A
  • high impact on oropharynx
  • optimal use low %*

*idk

17
Q

Inhalation drug therapy

Considerations

A
  • patients ability to use MDI/dry powder inhaler
  • 1-2 minute between each puff
  • 2-5 minute before each med
  • steroid last
  • nebulizers may take longer but may be more effective
18
Q

Inhalation drug therapy

education

A
  • encourage fluids
  • peak flow meters
19
Q

Albuterol AE

and why?

A
  • Nausea
  • Anxiety
  • Palpitations
  • tremors
  • tachycardia

receptor specificity is lost

20
Q

Salmeterol uses

A
  • maintenance treatment
  • combined with corticosteroid (fluticasone) = Advair
  • 2x/day
  • inhaled powder
21
Q

Anticholinergic bronchodilator examples

A
  • Ipratropium (Atrovent)
  • Tiotropium (Spiriva)
22
Q

Anticholinergic bronchodilator MOA

A
  • block acetylcholine receptors on bronchial tree
  • slow, prolonged action
23
Q

Anticholinergic bronchodilator contraindications

A
  • allergies
  • caution with glaucoma
  • caution with prosate enlargement
24
Q

Anticholinergic bronchodilator SE

A
  • dry mouth
  • nasal congestion
  • palpitations
  • GI distress
  • retention
  • increased intraocular pressure
  • headache
  • coughing
  • anxiety
25
Q

Bronchodilator: Xanthine derivative examples

A
  • caffeine
  • thebromine
  • theophylline

natural xanthines

26
Q

Bronchodilator: Xanthine derivative MOA

A
  • metabolized into caffeine
  • stimulates CNS to enhance respir drive
  • can stimulate cardiovasc response in large doses
  • dilates kidney blood vessels = diuretic effect

Pharm unit 2 (15 decks)

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