Bronchiectasis Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of bronchiectasis?

A

Permanent widening of the airways - irregular dilatation of airways, close to pleura
Have increased mucus, damaged wall, loss of cilia

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2
Q

What is bronchiectasis caused by?

A

Destruction of muscle and elastic tissue secondary to recurrent inflammation

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3
Q

What are the causes and associations of bronchiectasis?

A

Idiopathic, post infective, ciliary dysfunction, immune deficiency, aspiration
CF, RA, IBD, congenital, atypical mycobacteria, Young’s syndrome

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4
Q

What is the clinical presentation of bronchiectasis?

A

Cough
Sputum production
Breathlessness
Rhinosinusitis, fatigue, haemoptysis, thoracic pain
SOB, coarse crackles, wheeze, clubbing, weight loss

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5
Q

What are the investigations for bronchiectasis?

A
CXR - often normal, can have thickening bronchi
HRCT 
Differential blood count
Serum immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM)
Sputum
Bronchoscopy
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6
Q

What are the findings of bronchiectasis on HRCT?

A

Lack of tapering, increased broncho-arterial ratio, bronchial wall thickening, mucus impaction, air trapping, tram track sign, signet ring sign

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7
Q

What are the complications of bronchiectasis?

A
Recurrent infections
Pneumonia
Lung abscess
Empyema
Sepsis
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8
Q

What is the treatment for bronchiectasis?

A

No previous bacteriology - amoxicillin 500mg TDS 14 days
Severe/haemophilus influenzae - amoxicillin 1g TDS 14 days
Pseudomonas aeruginosa - ciprofloxacin

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