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Year 3 Medicine - Resp > Asthma > Flashcards

Asthma Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of asthma?

A

Chronic inflammatory disease of the airways

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2
Q

What are the risk factors for asthma?

A

Family history, viral resp infections, atopic allergies, occupation, smoking, obesity

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3
Q

How does asthma present?

A

Dry cough, wheeze, breathlessness, chest tightness, atopy

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4
Q

What is the pathophysiology of asthma?

A

Type 1 hypersensitivity, airway epithelial damage, inflammatory reaction, smooth muscle hyperplasia and hypertrophy

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5
Q

What are the investigations for asthma?

A

Peak flow monitoring, spirometry with test reversibility, branchial challenge test

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6
Q

What is the management of asthma?

A
  1. SABA
  2. Low dose ICS (brown)
  3. Low dose ICS + inhaled LABA
  4. Increase ICS dose or add LTRA
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7
Q

What are the complications of asthma?

A

Asthma exacerbation - mild, moderate, severe, life-threatening, near fatal

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8
Q

How is a mild asthma exacerbation classified?

A

PEFR >75%

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9
Q

How is a moderate asthma exacerbation classified?

A

PEFR 50-75%

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10
Q

How is severe asthma exacerbation classified?

A

PEFR 33-50%
Cannot complete full sentences in one breath
Resp rate >25
HR >110

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11
Q

How is a life-threatening asthma exacerbation classified?

A 
PEFR <33%
Says <92% or ABG pO2 <8
Cyanosis, poor resp effort, near or fully silent chest
Exhaustion, hypotension
Normal pCO2
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12
Q

How is a near fatal asthma exacerbation classified?

A

Raised pCO2

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13
Q

What is the acute asthma management?

A 
ABCDE
Says 94-98% with O2
5mg nebulised salbutamol 
40mg oral prednisone STAT
If severe - nebulised ipratropium bromide 500micrograms
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14
Q

What are the histological features of asthma?

A

Smooth muscle spasm
Mucus hypersecretion
Goblet cell hyperplasia
Eosinophilic inflammation

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15
Q

When should a steroid inhaler be considered?

A

Asthma attack in last 2 years
Using reliever inhaler 3 times a week
Symptomatic 3 times a week
Waking one night a week

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16
Q

What are the side effects of steroid inhalers?

A 
Oral thrush
Hoarseness
Adrenal suppression
Increased risk of T2DM
Osteoporosis
Cataracts

Year 3 Medicine - Resp (10 decks)

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