British India: Causes of the Mutiny (Government) Flashcards
What was the impact of ‘every’ reform from the East India Company?
Dispossessed, demoted or degraded one class of Indian people or another
What was the new system of higher education based on?
English language, literature and science
What new system was based on the English language, literature and science?
Higher education
Through introducing English literature, language and science into higher education, who did this undermine?
Challenged and superseding (undermining the status) of the old Muslim elite
What was a British concept of law?
Placing equality before law
Who had a concept that placed equality before law?
British
How did the Indians feel about the British concept of equality before law?
Insulted the honour of the high castes. “When sued by a mean labourer, or male or female servant, you are summoned without investigation to attend their Court, and are thus dishonoured and degraded”
What British concept offended the high castes Indians?
Placing equality before law
What did free trade ruin?
Urban artisan class
What ruined the urban artisan class?
Free trade
Where was Indian resentment for the British the greatest?
Inside the countryside
What did the British do within the country side to increase efficiency and profit?
New order of land that has never existed before
Individual land ownerships
Money rents
Free market
Where were policies like individual land ownership, money rents and free markets introduced?
In the countryside
Why did the British introduce a new order of land in the countryside?
Increase efficiency and profit
What was the impact of the British changing the order the countryside?
Pattern of rural life was breaking up
Families were forced to abandon land their families had worked for generations
Thousands of farmers were unable to pay government taxes and fell into debt
What was the impact of the British standardising the system for collecting land revenue?
Made it easier to evict those with “revenue rights”, who defaulted on payment, widened and deepened the reservoir of rebellion
What was “revenue rights”?
the right to levy a revenue on behalf of the state and pass a proportion to the government’s collectors
What was the right to levy a revenue on behalf of the state and pass a proportion to the government’s collectors
“Revenue rights”
What happened in January 1856?
Madras native Association challenged and petitioned against the torture used by the British but was dismissed
When had the Madras native Association challenged and petitioned against the torture used by the British but was dismissed?
January 1856
Who challenged and petitioned against the torture used by the British but was dismissed in January 1856?
Madras native Association
After British intervention, how often were land tax demanded?
Quarterly instalments
After British intervention, what was demanded in quarterly instalments?
Land Tax
What was the impact of demanding land tax in quarterly instalments?
Farmers would be in debt, as they would have to pay rent before they have actually made profit from food production
