BRITAIN Breadth 2 PART 2 Flashcards
1
Q
What confirmed that the Liberals had been overtaken by Labour as the main opposition of the Conservatives?
A
Elections of 1923/1924
2
Q
When was the Carlton Club formed?
A
1832
3
Q
What did the Carlton Club function as?
A
Social club for Tory MPs rather than as a central hub for organising the party in parliament and the country
4
Q
Who expanded the Carlton Club’s role to forge links between the national party and constituencies in the country?
A
Peel
5
Q
Who was appointed to reorganise the Conservative Party nationally during its re-brand?
A
F.R. Bonham
6
Q
Why did party organisation become more important after the 1832 RPA?
A
Constituencies were required to create an electoral register containing the names of everyone who possessed property qualifications needed to vote
7
Q
When was the Reform Club founded?
A
1836
8
Q
Which party was the Reform Club associated with?
A
Whigs
9
Q
When did the importance of party organisation become very clear?
A
By late 1830s
10
Q
How many general elections were there between 1832-41?
A
4
11
Q
Which was the first election fought by two clearly defined political parties?
A
1841
12
Q
When was the first election in which the role of the monarch was insignificant?
A
1841
13
Q
Who won the 1841 election?
A
Well-organised Conservative Party with an overall majority of 76
14
Q
What took party organisation to a new level?
A
Birmingham Caucus
15
Q
Who was one of the chief organisers of the Birmingham Caucus system?
A
Joseph Chamberlain
16
Q
What proved the success of the Birmingham Caucus system?
A
Birmingham was represented by 3 Liberal MPs for many years
17
Q
When was the National Liberal Federation (NLF) formed?
A
1877
18
Q
What helped persuade Asquith to consider female suffrage at the Speaker’s Conference in 1916?
A
NLF’s pressure
19
Q
When was the NUCCA founded?
A
1867
20
Q
Who did Disraeli entrust with party reorganisation after his loss in the 1968 election?
A
J.E. Gorst
21
Q
Why was Gorst significant?
A
Established the Central Office; recognised importance of new urban electorate; supported creation of Conservative clubs as social centres, especially for working men
22
Q
What did the Central Office do?
A
Oversaw the selection of candidates for election
23
Q
Which party first won over women to its cause?
A
Conservatives
24
Q
When did Disraeli die?
A
1881
25
Which organisation was formed in memory of Disraeli?
Primrose League
26
When was the Primrose League formed?
1884
27
How did the membership of the Primrose League change?
Grew from 957 members in 1884 to 2 million in 1910
28
How many Primrose League members were women?
1/2
29
When did the Primrose League flourish?
Until WW1
30
What decreased the importance of the Primrose League?
Granting of female suffrage; opening of Conservative membership to men and women
31
Where did Conservative and Liberal working men's associations succeed post-1867?
Factory towns in Yorkshire and Lancashire
32
Which working men's associations were most popular post-1867?
Conservative clubs
33
When had many middle-class Liberals switched to the Conservatives?
During Gladstone's long tenure of the premiership
34
Why did many middle-class Liberals switch to the Conservatives?
Alarmed by growing radicalism of party and Gladstone's attempts to tackle the Irish question
35
Why did the Conservative Party fare better than the Liberals?
More effective organisation
36
What helped to secure the Liberal Party's landslide victory in the 1906 election?
Operated very successful party machine post-1900; forged links with the LRC
37
Post-1900, when were there growing divisions within the Liberals?
1910
38
How did the Liberals split in 1916?
Between supporters of Asquith and Lloyd George
39
When did many Liberal supporters switch their allegiance to the growing Labour Party?
After 1918
40
When did the Liberals have the same substantial national network of associations as the Conservatives?
By the 1880s
41
When was the Independent Labour Party formed?
1893
42
When did real progress in promoting working-class interests come?
1867-85
43
How did Britain respond politically to the socialist ideas that were influencing European politics in the 1880s?
3 socialist organisations were formed
44
What were the socialist organisations formed in 1884?
Social Democratic Federation (SDF); Socialist League; Fabian society
45
Why were the 1884 socialist organisations important?
Shifted political climate slightly away from laissez-faire individualism and towards a more collective attitude towards society
46
When did trade union membership reach a million?
1874
47
What did the economic downturn of the 1870s and 1880s lead to the growth of?
'New Unionism'
48
What highlighted the changing nature of trade union activity?
Strike by female workers at the Bryant and May match factory in London in 1888
49
Who founded the Independent Labour Party?
Trade union delegates; representatives from the Fabians and the SDF
50
What did the ILP propose at its founding?
Free education; legal minimum wage; free access to medical treatment; comprehensive welfare provision
51
How many ILP candidates stood in the 1895 election?
28
52
How many votes did the ILP secure in the 1895 election?
44,000
53
What made it easy to denounce the ILP as unpatriotic?
Party's open hostility to Boer War in 1899
54
When was the LRC founded?
February 1900
55
Why was the affiliation between Labour and the trade unions beneficial for everyone involved?
Unions promoted their own interests through party; Labour gained widespread electoral support from trade union members
56
When did the trade unions turn an issue into a mass political movement with the help of the LRC?
1901- Amalgamated Society of Railway Servants was forced to pay the Taff Vale Railway Company £23,000 in damages
57
When did the Liberals agree an electoral pact with the LRC?
1903
58
What was the electoral pact the Liberals agreed with the LRC?
Liberals wouldn't put forward candidates in an agreed number of seats, giving LRC candidates a free run against Conservatives
59
How many seats and votes did the LRC win in the 1906 election?
29; 254,000
60
When did the LRC change its name to the Labour Party?
Shortly after 1906 election
61
Why was the renaming of the LRC an inspired choice?
Suggested party was aimed at promoting the interests of a class rather than a set of political beliefs
62
When did the Labour Party make slow progress, partly due to its broad support of New Liberalism's agenda?
1906-18
63
When did Labour establish itself as a major political force?
1918-24
64
When had the Labour Party gained some experience in government?
Members were given 3 minor positions in Asquith's coalition government of 1915
65
How many seats did Labour take in the 1918 election?
57
66
How many votes did Labour take in the 1918 election?
2 million
67
When did Labour become the largest single party in opposition to the Conservatives in the HoC?
1922
68
How many seats did Labour win in the 1922 election?
142
69
What issues was the 1923 election fought on?
Free trade and protection
70
What was the major achievement of the first Labour government?
Housing Act- promoted construction of 500,000 houses to be rented out at controlled rents
71
How did Labour use the Liberals to form its first government?
Labour had 191 seats- combined with 158 Liberals
72
Why was the 1924 Labour government unable to carry out wide-ranging reforms?
Dependent on Liberal support
73
How long did the first Labour administration last for?
Less than a year
74
When did the first Labour government get in?
January 1924
75
What were the results of the 1924 election?
Conservatives triumphed with 412 seats to Labour's 151
76
How many seats did the Liberals lose in the 1924 election?
118
77
When did Labour secure the greatest number of seats in the election?
1929
78
How many seats did Labour secure in the 1929 election, which was still not enough for a majority?
287
79
How many MPs in 1780 were the sons or brothers of peers?
1/5
80
When did Pitt create many new peers?
1780-90s
81
How many MPs in 1780 had gained their fortunes as merchants, bankers and industrialists?
Around 110
82
Why did the extension of the franchise and the redistribution of seats throughout the 19th century not lead to a change in the social composition of the HoC?
Increasing number of county seats entrenched power of country gentry; redistribution worked against interests of merchants/bankers who had purchased and controlled seats before 1832
83
When did the social make-up of the HoC hardly change at all?
1832-67
84
When were 2 miners, supported by the Liberals and the Trade Unions, elected?
1874
85
When did real change come to the composition of the HoC?
After 1900, with the growth of Labour
86
How many Labour MPs elected in the 1918 election were from a working-class background?
56/63
87
When had women begun to play an important role in local politics?
Following the passage of the Local Government Act 1894
88
What gave women the right to stand as MPs?
Parliament (Qualification of Women) Act 1918
89
How many candidates in the 1918 election were women?
17/1623
90
Who was the only successful female candidate in the 1918 election?
Countess Markievicz
91
Who was the first woman to actually sit in the HoC?
Viscountess Nancy Astor
92
When did the first female MP take her seat?
1919
93
When was the abolition of the property qualification for MPs?
1858
94
When had the property qualification been introduced in England?
1711
95
When was the issue of the property qualification brought to a head?
With the case of Edward Glover
96
When did trade unions begin to subsidise a number of MPs?
1870s
97
When was the payment of MPs introduced?
1911
98
How much did the Chartists want MPs to be paid?
£500 a year
99
When was Gladstone converted to the idea of payment of MPs?
1880s
100
When did the Liberal Party formally adopt the payment of MPs as a cause?
Newcastle programme of 1891
101
When did the issue of the payment of MPs take on wider significance?
After 1867 franchise reform
102
Who sponsored Keir Hardie?
Miners' Federation
103
When was Keir Hardie elected?
For West Ham South in 1892
104
When did the Labour Party provide up to £200 a year to support its MPs?
From 1904
105
How many MPs did Labour have in 1924?
191
106
Who proposed the 1911 payment of MPs?
Lloyd George
107
How much was it agreed that MPs would be paid from 1911?
£400 a year
108
What was a major setback in the journey to secure payment for MPs?
Osbourne judgement of 1909
109
Who was Osbourne of the Osbourne judgement?
Liberal supporter who objected to the political levy collected by his union, the Amalgamated Society of Railway Servants
110
Who was the first Labour PM?
Ramsay MacDonald
111
What does LRC stand for?
Labour Representative Committee
