Breathing, respiration and Photosynthesis Flashcards
What is respiration?
Respiration is the reaction with oxygen and glucose to make energy and the process of carrying the oxygen and other gases.
What is breathing?
Breathing is the intake of oxygen and the outtake of unusable gases.
What is Aerobic respiration?
Aerobic respiration is respiration with oxygen.
What is anaerobic respiration?
Anaerobic respiration is respiration without oxygen.
What becomes when glucose and oxygen react together?
Carbon dioxide, water and energy.
What are the two things that react together to make energy in the cells?
Glucose and oxygen
What do seeds need to survive and grow?
Water, glucose, good soil, sunlight and warmth.
Name three things that we need energy for?
Movement
Growth
Metabolism
What is combustion?
It is the reacting of oxygen and glucose and its results in the cell
What is the type of the test and its results that there is carbon dioxide?
Limewater, if the limewater turns cloudy it has Carbon dioxide.
What type of test and its result is for water?
Cobalt chloride paper, if it turns blue to pink it has water.
What type of test and its result is for hydrogen?
Squeaky pop, the sound comes ‘pop’.
What are the four things that an alveoli have to make its job efficient?
Enormous surface area
Moist lining so diffusion is easier
very thin walls
very good blood supply
What percentage of nitrogen is in the air?
78%
What percentage of oxygen is in the atmosphere?
21%
What percentage of carbon dioxide is in the atmosphere?
0.04%
Why do plants need sugar?
need for respiration
Why do plants need mineral ions?
growth, production of protein and for other molecules in the cell.
Why do plants need water?
for the production of glucose
How are Ions transported and where to where?
Ions are transported by diffusion and active transport. IIons travel up in the xylem in the roots to the leaves( in one direction)
How is water transported
Water travels by osmosis from the soil to the roots and is taken up by the transportation stream.
Describe 3 things of Xylem.
Transports nutrients and minerals
Is made of dead cells
Moves substances in one direction( from the roots to the leaves)
Describe 3 things about the phloem.
transports sugars
Is made up of living cells
moves substances from the leaves to the other parts of the plant.
How and what are the dead cells in the xylem arranged to form?
Are arranged end to end to form continuous vessels( tubes)
Does the Xylem vessels contain chloroplast?
No
Do the Xylem vessels allow water?
No
What material are the xylem vessels’ walls made out of?
A woody material
Are the Xylem vessels’walls tough or week?
Tough
What do phloem vessels contain?
Amino acids
How does amino acid travel in the phloem?
travels through holes from one cell to the next.
What does the phloem transport?
sucrose and amino acids up and down the plant.
What is called ‘ sucrose and amino acids travelling up and down the plant’
Translocation
Translocation
’ sucrose and amino acids travelling up and down the plant’
Where does translocation occur?
Between where the substances are made and where they are stored
from where to where is sucrose transported?
from the roots to the leaves
What also moves through the plants other than sucrose and amino acids by translocation.
pesticides
Transpiration
plants losing water through evaporation
plants losing water through evaporation
Transpiration
What is a consequence of transpiration?
more water to be drawn up from the roots to the leaves to replace the water that has been lost.
How does water move through the xylem vessels?
By the transportation pull and transportation stream.
How do sugars move around the plant in the phloem vessels?
By active transport and translocation.
Active transport
Transport that needs extra energy other than the energy in the particle itself.
Glucose is made during which process?
photosynthesis
What does glucose change into before its transported in the phloem?
Sucrose
What are the names of the two types of cell that are needed to make the phloem tissue?
Sieve tube cells and companion cells.
State the function of the epidermis?
to trap sunlight, cover and protect the plant.
What is the function of the palisade mesophyll tissue?
Contains chloroplast for photosynthesis.
What is the function of the spongy mesophyll tissue?
To provide air space for the diffusion of gases.
What does the xylem transport?
water and dissolved minerals
What is a feature of a meristem cell?
it can differentiate to any tissue the plant needs
Name some of the tissues plant organs are made out of.
xylem, phloem, palisade mesophyll etc.
Name three organs and describe their organ system.
roots, stem and leaves are of the transport organ system.
Why is meristem cell found at the roots and shoots of the plant?
Because this are the areas the plant will be growing.
What is the function of the epidermis
secretes a waxy substance that waterproofs the surface of the leaf and absorbs sunlight and protects.
What is the function of the spongy mesophyll?
where diffusion happens ad has a big space and contains some chloroplasts
What is the function of the stomata?
Controlled by the guard cells, pores allow gases and water to move in and out of the leaf.
What is the vascular bundle made out of?
Xylem and phloem
What is the function of the vascular bundle?
water and mineral ions run through it.
What is the function of the palisade mesophyll?
it’s where photosynthesis happens so it contains lots of chloroplasts.
What is protein broken down into?
amino acids
Leaves
This structure is the site of photosynthesis in the plant.
This structure is the site of photosynthesis in the plant.
Leaves
Root
this structure is made to absorb water and mineral ions from the soil.
this structure is made to absorb water and mineral ions from the soil.
Root
Stem
This structure is made to support the leaves and flowers of the planet.
This structure is made to support the leaves and flowers of the planet.
Stem
How does carbon dioxide end in our bodies?
because of the reaction of oxygen and glucose makes carbon dioxide
Which two muscles control breathing?
diagram and intercostal muscle
Inhalation
taking in gases
taking in gases
Inhalation
exhalation
outtake of gases
outtake of gases
exhalation
Which gas passe from the alveoli to the capillaries?
Oxygen
How much energy does aerobic respiration make?
a lot
How much energy does anaerobic respiration make?
some
What is the chemical equation for anaerobic respiration?
Glucose (arrow) lactic acid+energy
what are the reactants in aerobic respiration?
glucose and oxygen
what are the products in aerobic respiration?
water, carbon dioxide and energy
When does anaerobic respiration take place?
when there is no oxygen available but there is a need of energy
Why in anaerobic respiration little energy is released?
because not all energy is released by the glucose molecule.
Is lactic acid toxic?
yes
what does the person need to do to get rid of lactic acid?
breathe
Oxygen debt
you have to keep breathing hard for a while after you stop to get oxygen to your muscles so you can get rid of the painful lactic acid which has turned into carbon dioxide and water.
you have to keep breathing hard for a while after you stop to get oxygen to your muscles so you can get rid of the painful lactic acid which has turned into carbon dioxide and water.
Oxygen debt
Where does glucose come in the plant?
from photosynthesis
what does glucose turn into?
sucrose
where does sucrose go to?
to the phloem vessels
why does sucrose go to the phloem vessels?
because they have to be transported to every cell in the plant.
sources
where sucrose is created
where sucrose is created
sources
the sinks
where sucrose is delivered
where sucrose is delivered
the sinks
why does sucrose use active transport
because it moves against its concentration gradient: from low concentration where is made to a high concentration in the phloem
what is the function of the companion cells?
provides sieve tube cells for the energy they need for active transport.
what travels through the sieve tube cells?
sap
where is fewer stomata on the upper or lower epidermis
on the lower
why is there fewer stomata on the lower epidermis?
because on the lower part there is less heat so it will minimise water loss.
How will higher temperature affect the stomata
there will be more stomata as there is more heat and more water would be lost
what are plants and algae called
producers
why are plants and algae called producers
because they make their own food
what is the word formula for photosynthesis
Carbon Dioxide+ water->(on the arrow light energy) glucose+ oxygen
Photosynthesis
the act of plants making glucose and oxygen
chlorophyll
found in the chloroplast and traps sunlight. Also gives the colour green
Rate
the rate of anything, how quickly it happens
What are the four things plants use glucose for?
synthesis(growth)
storage
respiration
cellulose
Synthesis
glucose combines with minerals from the soil to make compounds
nitrogen and glucose the materials for proteins, which is essential for growth
magnesium combines with glucose to make chlorophyll
Storage
glucose that is not immeadetly used is turned into insoluble starch and turned into a storage
Respiration
A process used by all living cells to release energy and makes the molecules required for growth
Cellulose
cellulose is a very tough fibrous carbohydrate material. Hundreds of glucose molecules join together to make cellulose. It is used to make cell walls, which support the plant.
What is the cuticle made out of?
waxy substance
what does the rate of photosynthesis depend on?
on how easily it gets the components
What factors affect the rate of photosynthesis?
carbon dioxide concentration, light intensity, temperature and water.
Is chlorophyll a protrein
yes
what are proteins sensitive to
temperature and PH
If the plant doesn’t get any glucose it will…
use the starch in the storage
